• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.9C
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• pp.652-660
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• 2008

Applications running under embedded systems require various device drivers designed for different types and versions of the OS to manage resources effectively. In this paper, an automated device driver generator system which can generate the device drivers to be used in newer versions the target OS is proposed. In the proposed system, the structures of device drivers of specific OS are designed in the templates and stored in a library, and the target device drivers are generated by adding codes to the stored templates. Once device drivers are generated, they are registered into the kernel. The experimental results show that data transfer time has been slightly increased when compared against manually created drivers for TFT-LCD driver, USB interface keyboard/mouse driver, and AC'97 controller drivers. The code size for the generated drivers after compilation has also been increased slightly when compared with manually designed device drivers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.30-46
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Gambi-bang 4 (GBB4) on obesity-induced mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with Reductil, high fat diet with GBB4 extract) and fed for 8 weeks. We observed body weight change, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, serum leptin level, expression of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue, and histological changes of adipose tissue and liver cells. Results: 1. Compared with the control group, the GBB4 group was significantly lower in body weight, weight of adipocytes, and amount of glucose. 2. The GBB4 group was significantly lower in the amount of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol compared with the control. 3. Compared with the control group, the GBB4 group was significantly lower in the amount of serum leptin. 4. The GBB4 group was significantly higher in the revelation of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary adipose cells compared with the control. 5. Compared with the control group, the GBB4 group was smaller in the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue were decreased. Conclusions: These results suggested that GBB4 has inhibitory effects on obesity. GBB4 might be applied in treatment of obesity, so further studies analyzing its effects are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.726-731
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• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the antitumor activities of water and ethanol (EtOH) extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza in vitro and in vivo. The proliferation of the human hepatoma (HepG2), rectum cancer (HRT-18) and colon cancer (HT-29) cells was inhibited by administration of extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, EtOH extract inhibited proliferation of the cells more effectively than water extract did. The morphology of cells induced by EtOH extract was characterized by reduction of cell size and deformatin. Oral administration of the EtOH extract (3 mg/head) to tumor-bearing mice inhibited the tumor (sarcoma-180) growth by 35% and prolonged their survival rate by 61%. The EtOH extract was shown to be nontoxic at 37.5% mg/head/day on the acute toxicity test. These studies suggest that the EtOH extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza may have antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

This study investigated whether trinitroglycerine (TNG) as nitric oxide (NO) releasing agent had anti-leishmanial effects and mediated pathology in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a zoonotic infection caused by leishmania protozoa is still one of the health problems in the world and in Iran. NO is involved in host immune responses against intracellular L. major, and leishmania killing by macrophages is mediated by this substance. Moreover, application of CL treatment with NO-donors has been recently indicated. In our study, TNG was used for its ability to increase NO and to modify CL infection in mice, in order to evaluate NO effects on lesion size and formation, parasite proliferation inside macrophages, amastigote visceralization in target organs, and NO induction in plasma and organ suspensions. Data obtained in this study indicated that TNG increased plasma and liver-NO, reduced lesion sizes, removed amastigotes from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, declined proliferation of amastigotes, hepatomegaly, and increased survival rate. However, TNG reduced spleen-NO and had no significant effects on spelenomegaly. The results show that TNG therapy reduced leishmaniasis and pathology in association with raised NO levels. TNG had some antiparasitic activity by reduction of positive smears from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, which could emphasize the role of TNG to inhibit visceralization of L. major in target organs.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2010

The objective of this work is to study transdermal delivery of donepezil hydrochloride (DH) using iontophoresis and to evaluate various factors which affect the transdermal transport. After the flux study using 4 kinds of hydrogel, hydrogel containing 8% poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was chosen as the hydrogel for further studies. Under experimental condition, DH was stable. We have studied the effect of polarity, current density, drug concentration and current profile on transdermal flux and compared the results. In vitro flux study was performed at $33^{\circ}C$, using side-by-side diffusion cell and full thickness hairless mouse skin. DH is positively charged at pH 7.4, and anodal delivery was much larger than cathodal and passive delivery at all current densities studied (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mA/$cm^2$). Cathodal delivery showed higher flux than passive flux. Flux increased as the concentration of DH in hydrogel increased. Pulsatile application of current showed smaller flux value than the application of continuous current. Based on these results, we have evaluated the possibility of delivering enough amount of DH to reach the therapeutic level. The maximum cumulative amount of DH transported for 12 hours was 455 ${\mu}g/cm^2{\cdot}hr$ when the amount of DH in the hydrogel was 3 mg/mL and the current density was 0.4 mA/$cm^2$. If the patch size is 10 $cm^2$, then we can deliver 4.6 mg for 12 hours. Because the daily dosage of DH is 5 mg, it seems possible to deliver clinically effective amount of DH using iontophoresis. This study also provides some information about the role of electrorepulsion and electroosmosis during the transport through skin.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 1997

Tish study was carried out to evaluate the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Takrisodokyeum extract against tumor, and immunomodulatory effect. Some kinds of tumor were induced by the typical application of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) or by the implantation(s.c) of malignant tumor cells such as leukemia cells(3LL cells) or sarcoma cells(S-I80 and Fas II cells). Treatment of the Takrisodokyeum water-extract(daily 1mg mouse, i.p.) was continued for 7 days prior to tumor induction and after that the treatment was lasted for 15 days. Against squamous cell carcinoma induced by MCA, Takrisodokyeum decreased not only the frequency of tumor production but also the number and the weight of tumors per tumor bearing mice (TBM). Takrisodokyeum also significantly suppressed the development of 3LLcell and S-180 cell by frequency and their size, and some developed tumors were regressed by the continuous treatment of Takrisodokyeum extract into TBM. However, when tumor was induced by FsaII cell-implantation, the growth of implanted cells in mice was delayed by the water extract of Takrisodokyeum until day 7 and then rapid growth ensued. In vitro, treatment of Takrisodokyeum extract had no effect on the growth of some kind of cell lines such as FsaII, A-131 strain but significantly inhibited the proliferation of 3LL, S-180 cells. Takrisodokyeum also stimulated the migrative ability of leucocyte, the MIF and IL 2-production of T lymphocytes, but not IL 6 production of B cells. Takrisodokyeum enhanced Arthus reaction and DTH to sheep erythrocytes, and NK cells activities. These results demonstrated that Takrisodokyeum extract different results according to the type of tumor cells. And these results also suggested that antitumor effect of Takrisodokyeum might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of NK cell activities and cell-mediated immune responses.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Mastic is a bleed resin formed in pistacia lentiscus tree extract form the anacatdiaceae family. Mastic is used as a food ingredient in the Mediteraanean resin, and has been used by local inhabitants as a traditional medicine for relief of upper abdominal discomfort, dyspepsiaand peptic ulcer. Clinically, mastic has been effective in the treatment of benign gastric and duodenal, ulcers, giving symptomatic relief and endoscopically proven healing. In this study, to enhance activiteies of poorly water soluble Mastic with oils, surfactants and cosurfactants and then the mixure was microemulsified in aqueous media under condition of gentle agitation and digestive motility that would be encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Formulation development and screening were based on phase diagrams and characteristics of resultant microemulsion. For optimum mastic formulation, microemulsions with various ratio (w/w%) of mastics, oils, surfactants and cosurfactants were prepared and their solubility was evaluated by monitoring particles size in their buffer through visual asessment and electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotomerter (ELS). In vitro activity of self microemulsified mastic (SME mastic) was determined by minimum ingibition concentration (MIC) test against a panel of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clinical strains. Additionally, in vivo activity of SME masitc was investigated us mouse infected by CH275 of H. pylori. The mean diameter of SME mastic was less then 100 nm in water and SME mastic was showed similar antiboisis effect compared to tometronidazole, clarithromycin and omeproazole. Consequently, SME mastic would be effective system to exterminate H. pylori. If mastic were dose with combined treatment, mastic might augur well for effect of H. pylori eradication as good remedy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.304-308
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• 2016

Background: Joboksansam, Korean bird wild ginseng, is an artificially cultivated wild ginseng germinated from bird feces. Although numerous pharmacologic activities of wild ginsengs have been reported, the beneficial effect of joboksansam in cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro anticancer activities of joboksansam powder. Methods: To evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity of joboksansam, we established a xenograft mouse model bearing RMA cell-derived cancer. Direct cytotoxicity induced by joboksansam powder was also investigated in vitro using (3-4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The inhibitory activity of this powder on the activation of cell survival signaling involving Akt and Src was examined with immunoblot analysis. Results: Joboksansam powder displayed strong inhibitory activity against the increased tumor size, increased weight of total body and cancer tissues, and mortality of tumor-bearing mice. Joboksansam powder also suppressed the activation of survival regulatory enzymes Akt and Src, as assessed by phosphorylation levels in the immunoblot analysis of tumor tissues. Interestingly, the viability of RMA cells in vitro was directly decreased by joboksansam treatment. Conclusion: Overall, our results strongly suggest that joboksansam powder has the potential to protect against cancer generation by direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells resulting from suppression of cell survival signaling.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.893-901
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• 2018

Influenza viruses that cause recurrent seasonal epidemics to humans can be controlled with vaccine and antiviral therapy. However, the medical treatments often exhibit limited efficacy in the elderly or immunosuppressed individuals. In these cases, daily uptake of probiotics may be an option to bring in health benefits against influenza. Here, we demonstrate the effects of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Lm) against seasonal and avian influenza viruses. As assessed by the plaque size reduction of human H1N1 and avian influenza H7N9 viruses, including green fluorescent protein-tagged H1N1 strain in cells, the selected Lp and Lm strains restrained viral replication in mouse lungs with statistical significance. Against lethal viral challenge, the Lp and Lm strains exhibited their beneficial effects by increasing the mean days and rates of survival of the infected mice. These results suggest that, despite rather narrow ranges of protective efficacy, the dietary supplement of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc probiotics may promote health benefits against influenza.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.154-161
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• 1993

Four kinds of new phosphinate derivatives with a pendant monoazacrown ether were synthesized and their biological activities were tested. These biologically active phosphinates were synthesized in relatively good yields (61∼72%) by one step reactions of phenylphosphinate with aldehyde and monoazacrown ether. Toxicity of these compounds was tested by intraperitoneal injection of the compounds to male mouse and revealed $LD_{50}$ value of 65∼90 mg/kg, which showed enhanced toxicity by attachment of a pendant azacrown ether to a simple phenylphosphinate structure. Although the ring size effect of the pendant crown ethers, (monoaza-15-crown-5 and monoazo-18-crown-6), beening negligible, the identity of the ester functional group in the phosphinate structure exerted sizable influence on toxicity. Thus, phosphinate derivative with octyl or propyl ester group showed somewhat higher toxicity than that with ethyl ester group.