• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of the activities of daily living (ADL) by the motor learning program for upper extremity in stroke patients. The subjects were sixty-two members who were treated at the department of occupational therapy. The ADL were measured with Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The result's were as fol1ows; 1. The ability to perform daily activities after treatment was significantly increased independent of age, gender, cause, affected side and speech disability (p<.01). The differences between the pre-treatment and the post-treatment was no significant correlation to sex, cause, affected side and duration of treatment, but the speech disability was significant. Therefore the pre-treatment scores and post-treatment scores were significantly different. 2. The variation of the pre-treatment and the post-treatment in the detail item to the performance of daily life of the stroke patients through the upper extremity motor learning program was significantly increased in self-care, sphincter control, locomotion, mobility, communication and social cognition (p<.01) Consequently, The motor learning program for upper extremity significantly improved the performance level of all ADL areas in stroke patients.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제21회 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.181-184
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• 2003

메인모타 추진제의 연소속도를 예측하기 위하여 표준모타를 제작하고 지상연소시험을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 중, 소형 모타의 시험에 적합한 지상연소시험장을 구축하고 경량화된 6 inch 급의 표준모타를 개발하여 여러 차례의 시험에 적용하였고, 메인모타의 연소속도와 비교하였다. 그 결과 표준모타를 이용하는 방법이 기존의 연소속도 측정 방법에 비해 메인모타의 연소속도를 비교적 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타나, 앞으로의 추진제 개발 활동 및 양산품의 품질보증 활동에 적극 활용할 계획이다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2011

Purpose : To assess the relationship between post-stroke shoulder pain, motor function, and pain-related quality of life(QOL) Methods : Volunteer sample of 62 chronic stroke survivors with post-stroke shoulder pain and glenohumeral subluxation. The patients answered the question in shoulder pain with the Brief Pain Inventory question 12 (BP1-12), Pain-related Quality of life(BPI-23). Therapists measured the performance of combined upper-limb movement including the hand-behind-neck(HBN), hand-behind-beck(HBB) maneuver, added passive pain-free shoulder external rotation range of motion, and Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) score of the elbow flexors. Physical performance assessments were used to measure basic activity daily living(Modified Barthel Index-self care, MBI-S/C), motor function of upper limb(Fugl-Meyer Upper/Lower Extremity, FM-U/E). Results : Stepwise regression analyses indicated that post-stroke shoulder pain is associated with the BPI 23, but not with the FM-U/E, MBI-S/C. Thus, the presence of shoulder pain is more important predicting pain-related QOL than its degree in predicting motor function of upper limb and basic activity daily living. Conclusion : Post-stroke shoulder pain was associated with reduced quality of life related to pain. The pain was not associated with the motor function of upper limb and basic activity daily living. The result imply that management of shoulder pain & anatomical position of shoulder joint after stroke should be emphasized. This provides a further incentive to develop effective rehabilitation prevention and treatment strategies for post-stroke shoulder pain.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic exposure by welders to manganese (Mn) through an analysis of the degree of brain activity in different activities such as cognition and motor activities using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neurotoxic effect that Mn has on the brain was examined as well as changes in the neuro-network in motor areas, and the usefulness of fMRI was evaluated as a tool to determine changes in brain function from occupational exposure to Mn. Methods: A survey was carried out from July 2010 to October 2010 targeting by means of a questionnaire 160 workers from the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries. Among them, 14 welders with more than ten years of job-related exposure to Mn were recruited on a voluntary basis as an exposure group, and 13 workers from other manufacturing industries with corresponding gender and age were recruited as a control group. A questionnaire survey, a blood test, and an fMRI test were carried out with the study group as target. Results: Of 27 fMRI targets, blood Mn concentration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of the welder group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the survey, the score of the exposure group in self-awareness of abnormal nerve symptoms and abnormal musculoskeletal symptoms was higher than those of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, respectively). In the correlation between PI and the results of blood tests, the correlation coefficient with blood Mn concentration was 0.893, revealing a significant amount of correlation (p<0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of the superior frontal cortex showed significant activity, and the right area of superior parietal cortex, the left area of occipital cortex and cerebellum showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity selectively on the right area of premotor cortex, at the center of supplementary motor area, and on the left side of superior temporal cortex. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed a significantly higher activation state than did the control group in such areas as the right and the left superior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum including superior frontal cortex and the right area of premotor cortex. However, in nowhere did the control group show a more activated area than did the exposure group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of hand motor tasks. In an identical task, activation increased in the premotor cortex, superior temporal cortex, and supplementary motor area. It was also discovered that brain activity increase in the frontal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-networks.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1995

Tourette씨병 또는 만성틱장애에서 Dopamine계의 적용에 대한 기전을 이해하고자 혈장내 DBH 활성도를 측정하고, 연령과의 상호관계를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 혈장내의 DBH 활성도는 대조군이 가장 높았고(2.50umol/min/1), Tourette씨병이 가장 낮았다(105umol/min/1). 만성틱장애는 1.75umol/min/1이었다. 분산분석 결과 세군간에 있는 차이가 관찰되었는데, 사후검증 결과, Tourette씨병과 대조군간에는 의미있는 차이가 관찰되었으나, Tourette씨병과 만성틱장애 또는 만성틱장애와 대조군간에는 의미있는 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. Tourette씨병과 만성틱장애를 한군으로 묶어 대조군과 비교해 본 결과, 의미있는 차이가 관찰되었다.(S=16.56, Sa=1.76, p<0.05). 2) 혈장 DBH활성도의 개체발생적인 과정에 있어서는 Tourette씨병, 만성틱장애 또는 대조군에서 모두 연령이 증가되면서 DBH활성도가 의미있게 증가되었다. 즉 틱장애와 대조군간에 DBH개체 발생적인 과정에 있어서는 의미있는 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어, Tourette씨병의 생물학적인 원인중의 하나로서, DBH 활성도의 이상이 관여할 가능성이 있으며, DA계와 NE계의 균형의 장애가 한 요인이 된다고 볼 수 있다. DBH활성도의 차이에 대한 기전에 대하여는 향후의 연구과제가 된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2014

This is the survey paper on the role of kinematics in robot development. The robot is considered as a form of mechanical systems which includes closed-chain loop system, open-chain loop system and closed and open switching system. To analyze these systems, kinematic notations has been developed in kinematics of mechanical theory since 1955 and has been applied in robotics. Several kinematic notations including Denavit-Hartenberg notations have been reviewed. The status of development of the spherical motor which has a great impact on the future robot advancement has reviewed, and research activity on a spherical motor and its application to 3-D spatial mechanisms at UNIST is introduced. For the open and closed switching mechanical systems, the bipedal robots' walking theories using Zero Moment Point are reviewed. And current status regarding bipedal robots based on newly developed passive dynamic walking theory is reviewed with the research activity at UNIST on this subject.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.992-999
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• 2011

The recent power add-on drive wheelchairs (PADWs) provide greater physical activity, are easier to transport, and may be an excellent alternative for the typical manual or electric wheelchairs. The development of in-wheel motor for a PADW is the principal issues. In this paper, design, implementation, and testing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for a PADW are presented. To design output power and torque of the motor, the equation of motion has been investigated. The design parameters were calculated and the dimension and shape of the motor which was limited by the In-wheel mechanism of the PADW were done by applying FEM and optimal design technique. The prototype of the motor mentioned above was fabricated with precise machining and assembling. Then the motor tested on dynamometer and the measured results of the motor were verified by comparing the design results. The fabricated motor was 80 mm in length with a diameter of 110 mm and small enough to be attached the driving unit of the PADW.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2015

${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, is involved in sleep physiology. Caffeine is widely used psychoactive substance known to induce wakefulness and insomnia to its consumers. This study was performed to examine whether GABA extracts from fermented rice germ ameliorates caffeine-induced sleep disturbance in mice, without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination. Indeed, caffeine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep duration of mice. Conversely, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA treatment (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), especially at 100 mg/kg, normalized the sleep disturbance induced by caffeine. In locomotor tests, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA slightly but not significantly reduced the caffeine-induced increase in locomotor activity without affecting motor coordination. Additionally, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA per se did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination of mice. In conclusion, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA supplementation can counter the sleep disturbance induced by caffeine, without affecting the general locomotor activities of mice.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2003

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of oxygen on motor activity and toxicity in male mice. The modified Porsolt forced swim test (FST) was used and the distance and time of movement by mice were analyzed in 15。C water bath for 20 minutes using the automatic Ethovision videotracking system. Analyses were carried out before and after 20 minutes of exposure to 10％-70％ concentration of normobaric oxygen. The effects of inspired oxygen tension on the distance and time of movement showed the similar trends, but changes in distance were more prominent. Both the distance and time of movement increased after exposure to 30％ and 40％ oxygen concentration. The distance and time of movement also increased upon exposure to 50％ and 60％ oxygen. In contrast, increases En movement and time under exposure to 21％ oxygen concentration were suppressed when exposed to over 50％ oxygen concentration. With exposure to 10％ oxygen, there was a significant decrease in the distance of movement and a slight suppression of movement time. During the swim test, 12.5％, 37.5％, and 87.5％ of the mice drowned after exposure to 10％, 60％, and 70％ oxygen concentration, respectively. These results suggest that motor activity can be enhanced by inspired oxygen up to 40％ concentration. When hypoxic and hyperoxic oxygen exposure over 50％, motor activity is reduced and toxicity may be induced.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.245-263
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• 1996

In order to investigate the effects of Yangsymtang on the activities of central nervous system, we observed the effects on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin. The sedative those on spontaneous motor activity and by rota rod method, the those on sleeping time induced by barbiturate and the alleviative those on pain induced by acetic acid and hind limb pressure also were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. The solid extracts of Yangsymtang showed no anticonvulsive effects on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin. 2. As to the sedative effects by rota rod method, th solid extracts of Yangsymtang were recognized as significance(P<0.01). 3. The sleeping time induced by thiopental sodium was not prolonged by the oral administration of the solid extracts of Yangsymtang. 4. The oral administration of Yangsymtang did not influenced the sleeping induced by pentobarbital sodium significantly. 5. As to the effects on spontaneous motor activity, the oral administration of Yangsymtang made spontaneous motor activity decrease significantly(P<0.05). 6. The oral administration of Yangsymtang was significant on pain induced by acetic acid(P<0.001). 7. As to alleviative effects on pain induced by hind limb pressure. The solid extracts of Yangsymtang were not significant.