• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.840-848
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• 2017

세포내 수송 기구는 세포의 작용과 생존에 필수적이다. 이러한 세포내 수송은 긴 미세소관을 따라서 운반체를 운반하는 미세소관 의존 분자 모터 단백질인 kinesin과 cytoplasmic dynein에 의하여 이루어진다. Kinesin은 ATP 의존적으로 미세소관의 plus-end방향으로 이동하는 모터 단백질로 세포내 소기관, 분비소포, RNA 복합체, 단백질 복합체들을 수송한다. Kinesins에 의한 다양한 운반체의 수송의 이상은 세포의 기능 이상과 연관된다. Kinesins에 의한 운반체 수송의 기본 단계는: 운반체 혹은 adaptor 단백질과의 결합, kinesin 기능 활성화와 미세소관을 따라서 이동, 그리고 올바른 위치에서 운반체와의 분리 단계로 나뉘어 진다. 최근의 연구결과들에서 kinesin 모터 기능 활성화, 운반체와의 결합, 운반체와의 해리 기전이 확인되고 있으며 세포내 운반체 수송은 kinesin과 운반체를 연결하는 adaptor 단백질에 의하여서도 조절된다. 단백질 인산화 효소, 탈 인산화 효소를 포함하는 kinesin 모터 활성 조절 단백질들은 kinesin의 인산화 혹은 탈 인산화를 통하여 직접적으로 세포내 수송을 조절하거나, c-Jun NH-terminal kinase-interacting proteins (JIPs)와 같은 adaptor 단백질들과 미세소관의 간접적 수식을 통하여 세포내 수송을 조절하기도 한다. 이러한 연구결과들은 세포의 기능과 형태 유지에 관여하는 kinesin에 의한 다양한 세포내 수송 조절 기전을 이해하는데 기초적인 토대가 된다. 또한 각각의 kinesin에 대한 조절 기전을 밝히는 것은 세포생물학과 신경생리학을 이해하는데 중요하므로 본 종설에서는 kinesin에 의한 세포내 수송을 조절하는 단백질과 kinesin과 수송체와의 결합이 어떻게 조절되는지를 고찰하고자 한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2012

목적: 정상인에서 항혈소판제제인 클로피도그렐이 손운동기능 과제를 수행하는 동안 운동기능의 생리학적 반응에 대한 약리적 조절효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 10명의 오른손잡이 정상인을 대상으로 클로피도그렐 사용전, 최대 복용량 복용후, 정상상태 유지시로 세번에 걸쳐 뇌기능 자기공명영상 데이터를 획득하였다. 운동과제로는 주먹을 쥐었다 폈다하는 운동을 시행하였고 3.0 테슬라 자기공명영상기기에서 혈액산소의존성(BOLD) 대조도를 획득하였으며 이를 위하여 $T2^*$ 강조 EPI 영상기법을 사용하였다. 뇌기능 자기공명영상 데이터의 영상전처리 및 통계분석은 SPM2를 사용하였다. 결과: 이차수준 분석에서 주운동영역을 포함하는 편측 감각운동중추의 활성화가 나타났다. 클로피도그렐 사용전의 활성화 화소수는 173, 최대 복용량 복용후 활성화 화소수는 1049, 정상상태 유지시 활성화 화소수는 673 이었다. 최대 T값을 기준으로 측정한 BOLD 신호의 강도변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구결과는 클로피도그렐에 의해 대뇌 운동 활성이 조절된다는 사실과 또한 뇌기능 자기공명영상이 이러한 변화를 감지할수 있을만큼 높은 민감성을 가진다는 사실을 제안하고 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify the relations among ADL, self-efficacy, physical activity and cognitive function in elders. Methods: A total of 257 subjects aged between 60 and 92 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from November 1 to November 30, 2008. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: Differences in ADL, self-efficacy, physical activity, and cognitive functions according to general characteristics were as follows. ADL was significantly different according to age, cohabitation, recognition on health, and successful aging. Self-efficacy was significantly different according to cohabitation, recognition on health, and successful aging. Physical activity was significantly different according to age, educational level, cohabitation, and cognition on health. Cognitive function was significantly different according to age, educational level, job, and recognition on health. The correlation coefficient (r) of the ADL variables was .565 for self-efficacy, .633 for physical activity and .460 for cognitive function. Conclusion: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding the health status of community-dwelling elders and developing more specific health promotion programs.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2023

Background: The position of pitcher requires a lot of repetitive motion, and because of this, it is known that not only professional baseball players, but also middle and high school players are frequently exposed to injuries in baseball. The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in upper extremity muscle activity during repeated pitching and the activity of each muscle during repeated pitching by analyzing middle and high school pitchers, divided into groups by age. Methods: Twenty participants (10 middle school male students and 10 high school male students) were recruited for this research. The outcome measures included neuromuscular motor control, including the upper trapezius (UT), triceps brachii (TB), deltoid (DT), latissimus dorsi (LD), biceps brachii (BB), pectoralis major(PM), extensor carpi radialis(ER), and flexor carpi radialis (FR). Results: The two-way analysis of varaince (ANOVA) was used to compare the muscle activity variables between the middle school and high school students. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the muscle activity variables within time differences each groups. Conclusion: Our results provided promising clinical evidence that guide for upper extremity muscles to increase pitching efficiency in middle and high school base ball players.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.425-429
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to identify the whether there is any correlation between Gross Motor Function Measures (GMFM) and Functional independence Measurement for children (WeeFIM) in order to identify a relevance of daily life motor with gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Subjects were instructed to evaluated by an occupational therapist using WeeFIM (reliability 0.83-0.99) and by a physical therapist using GMFM (reliability 0.93). 10 male children and 13 female children among 23 children being diagnosed as cerebral palsy were targeted for this study. A correlation between GMFM and WeeFIM was analyzed with Kendall correlation. Results: Participants showed significant correlation between GMFM and WeeFIM in all categories, except in the GMFM's walking running jumping category, standing category of GMFM and self care, sphincter control, communication category of WeeFIM. Lying rolling and sitting and crawling kneeling area of GMFM showed a significant correlation with self care(r=0.35, 0.39, 0.4), sphincter control (r=0.45, 0.43, 0.61), mobility transfer (r=0.44, 0.36, 0.64), locomotion (r=0.41, 0.35, 0.74), communication (r=0.4, 0.44, 0.51), and social cognition (r=0.43, 0.51, 0.64) area of WeeFIM (p<0.05). Standing of GMFM and mobility transfer (r=0.74), locomotion (r=0.47) and social cognition (r=0.4) area of WeeFIM showed a significant correlation (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicated significant correlation between activity of daily living (ADL) and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. However, because there are a few results that are not significant, both assessment tools should be used for evaluations so that treatment can be achieved with an accurate assessment and establish a therapeutic plan.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.395-407
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• 2008

As global interest in clothing spreads over the smart clothing which arouses high added-value in the apparel industry, this study is to develop a smart jacket with an electrically-vibrating device maintaining excellent appearance and comfort. The vibrating device has a massage function that could relieve muscle pain near shoulders and neck. The purposes of this research are to develop jacket pattern for men in their thirties considering body shapes and fashion trend, to develop a wearable device that is composed of motor and controller and integrate it into a jacket, and to assess the external appearance and functional satisfaction of the smart jacket through the wearing test. The results are as follows: 1. In order to develope an appropriate jacket pattern for men in their thirties, several patterns were assessed for their fitting comfort. The final pattern was completed after making alterations some parts, and showed high satisfaction as 3.6(on a five-point scale) in all categories. 2. A vibrating device was developed by connecting motor, controller, battery and switch. Developing this device, focus was maximizing the strength of motor and minimizing the heat generated from motor and controller. Snaps were placed between inner and outer cloth of jacket so that the vibrating device could be easily attachable and detachable. The motor was located around Trapezius where muscles often get stiff. A switch was designed to be used in selecting the modes of Strong, Weak, and Cross Tapping. 3. The wearing test was conducted to examine outer appearance, comfort for motion, and functionality of the smart jacket. The results of assessing outer appearance showed that the location for attaching the vibrating device was not noticeable but looked natural, and there is almost no change in outer appearance when the vibrating device operates. The result of assessing comfort of action revealed that wearer's satisfaction was high in all categories about activity, wearer's comfort, etc. The result also showed that wear's satisfaction for effects of vibrating massage, easiness in using the device, heat generation was not less than 3.5 in all categories except a category about noise.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2014

Background: Neuromodulation therapy has been used to an adjunctive treatment promoting motor recovery in stroke patients. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on neurobehavioral recovery and evoked potentials in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods: Seventy Sprague-Daley rats were induced permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model and successful stroke rats (n=56) assigned to the rTMS (n=28) and sham (n=28) group. The 10 Hz, high frequency rTMS gave on ipsilesional forepaw motor cortex during 2 weeks in rTMS group. The somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were used to evaluate the electrophysiological changes. Behavioral function of the stroke rat was evaluated by the Rota rod and Garcia test. Results: Forty rats ($N_{rTMS}=20;\;N_{sham}=20$) completed all experimental course. The rTMS group showed better performance than sham group in Rota rod test and Garcia test at day 11 (p<0.05) but not day 18 (p>0.05). The amplitude of MEP and SSEP in rTMS group was larger than sham group at day 18 (p<0.05). Conclusions: These data confirm that the high frequency rTMS on ipsilesional cerebral motor cortex can help the early recovery of motor performance in permanent middle cerebral artery stroke model and it may simultaneously associate with changes in neurophysiological activity in brain.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.2625-2632
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• 2009

최근 효율적인 유도전동기 운전은 벡터제어에 의해 고성능 산업응용 분야에 쓰이고 있으며, 전동기 회전속도를 검출하기 위해 속도센서를 모터에 부착한다. 그러나 속도센서가 있으므로 나타나는 단점인 전기적 노이즈 발생을 최소화하도록 케이블 배치를 하여야 하며, 견고성이 떨어지고, 가격이 상승하는 등 단점이 많아 속도 센서가 없는 속도센서리스 벡터제어 이론에 대한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 타부 탐색을 이용한 유도전동기의 센서리스 벡터제어기를 연구하였다. 제안된 유도전동기 센서리스 벡터제어기는 두 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째 부분은 타부 탐색법을 이용하여 첫 번째는 속도 추정기 초기 PI 게인 파라미터를 최적화 하는 부분이며, 두 번째 부분은 속도 제어기 PI 게인 파라미터를 최적화 시키는 부분이다. 제안된 타부 탐색법은 이웃해 영역을 찾는 방법을 삼각형 랜덤 분포를 이용하여 탐색 성능을 향상 시켰다. 제안된 방법을 유도 전동기 센서리스 벡터제어기에 적용하였고 성능을 시뮬레이션과 실험으로 검증하였다. 그 결과 부하의 변동에도 안정적으로 동작하였으며 유용성을 입증하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.170-177
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• 1999

PEG-hemoglobin SB1 (SB1), which is a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, is intended to use as a safe blood substitute against brain ischemia and stroke. The general pharmacological profiles of SB1 were studied. The doses given were 0, 5, 10, 20 ml/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mouse, rat and guinea pig. SB1 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital sleeping time, anticonvulsant activity, analgesic activity, blood pressure and heart rate, left ventricular peak systolic pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, left ventricular developing pressure, double product, heart rate, coronary flow rate, smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum, gastrointestinal transport, gastric secretion, urinary volume and electrolyte excretion at all doses tested except the decrease of body temperature. These findings demonstrated that SB1 possesses no general pharmacological effects at all doses tested.