• 센서학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Respiration rate is one of the important vital signs. Photo-plethysmography (PPG) measurement especially on a finger has been widely used in pulse oximetry and also used in estimating respiration rate. It is well known that PPG contains respiration-induced intensity variation (RIIV) signal. However, the accuracy of finger PPG method has been controversial. We introduced a new technique of enhancing motion artifact by respiration. This was achieved simply by measuring PPG on the thorax. We examined the accuracy of these two PPG methods by comparing with two existing methods based on thoracic volume and nostril temperature changes. PPG sensing on finger tip, which is the most common site of measurement, produced 6.1 % error. On the other hand, our method of PPG sensing on the thorax achieved 0.4 % error which was a significant improvement. Finger PPG is sensitive to motion artifact and it is difficult to recover fully small respiratory signal buried in waveform dominated by absorption due to blood volume changes. Thorax PPG is poor to represent blood volumes changes since it contains substantial motion artifact due to respiration. Ironically, this inferior quality ensures higher accuracy in terms of respiration measurement. Extreme low-cost and small-sized LED/silicon detector and non-constrained reflection measurement provide a great candidate for respiration estimation in ubiquitous or personal health monitoring.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2003년도 춘계전력전자학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.275-278
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• 2003

The pantograph contact can be disrupted due to irregularities in the motion. The pantograph detachment prohibits the current flow and makes the system uncontrollable. During the pantograph detachment period, the control error are accumulated by the integral property of the controller. The output of the controller, therefore, can be induced to be an extremely large value. When the pantograph is reattached, the extremely large output of the controllers causes a very high overshoot (or under-shoot) of the line current and the DC-link voltage. This work proposes a new method for detecting the pantograph bouncing conditions and designs a controller considering such conditions based on the pantograph bouncing detector.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2014

Edges are a robust feature for object detection. In this paper, we present an edge-based background modeling method for the detection of moving objects. The edges in the image frames were mapped using robust Canny edge detector. Two edge maps were created and combined to calculate the ultimate moving-edge map. By selecting all the edge pixels of the current frame above the defined threshold of the ultimate moving edges, a temporary background-edge map was created. If the frequencies of the temporary background edge pixels for several frames were above the threshold, then those edge pixels were treated as background edge pixels. We conducted a performance comparison with previous works. The existing edge-based moving-object detection algorithms pose some difficulty due to the changes in background motion, object shape, illumination variation, and noises. The result of the performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm can detect moving objects efficiently in real-world scenarios.

• 천문학논총
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2003

We have developed a seeing monitoring system and measured seeing variation of the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO) and the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO) using a small telescope system. Our seeing monitoring system is similar to the differential image motion monitor (DIMM) installed at the ESO. The ooly difference between the BOAO and the SOAO seeing monitoring system is a detector system, a video camera at the BOAO and ST-4 camera at the SOAO. We confirmed that the seeing monitoring system at the SOAO can measure average seeing size inspite of its simple detector system. From the BOAO seeing measurement, we found that the seeing size changes fast. We expect that our seeing monitoring system could be used for real time seeing monitoring after some improvement, and the data to be obtained would be very useful when we build adaptive optic system in the future.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.379-381
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 가정용 비디오 게임에 사용 가능한 고속의 저가형 모션캡쳐, 시스템에 사용되는 전 방향 특성을 갖는 IR 능동 마커의 개발을 목표로 하고 있다. 현재 영화나 게임에서 모션캡쳐를 응용한 시스템 및 컨텐츠들이 많이 선보기고 있으며, 인기를 모으고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 흐름에 맞추어 우리는 이미 저가이면서 속도가 빠른 PSD(Position Sensitive Detector) 센서를 이용만 스테레오 비젼 기반의 PSD 모션캡쳐 시스템(Stereo vision based PSD motion capture system)과 광량 보정 기반의 단일 PSD 모션캡쳐 시스템(Intensity Calibration based single PSD motion capture system) 그리고 일정간격의 두 능동마커 기반의 단안 PSD 모션캡쳐 시스템(Two active markers at fixed distance based single PSD motion capture system)등을 소개한 바 있다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 전방향 특성을 갖는 IR 능동 마커는 일정간격의 두 능동마커 기반의 단안 PSD 모션캡쳐 시스템에 적용하여 보다 정밀한 3차원 좌표 측정을 할 수 있도록 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 동일 특성을 갖는 마커를 제작하고 평가하여 일정간격의 두 능동마커 기반의 단안 PSD 모션캡쳐 시스템에 적합한 마커의 제작 방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1104-1112
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 감지기에서 특정 거리만큼 떨어진 곳에 버블 형태의 감지 영역을 형성하는 새로운 버블형 동작 감지기를 위해 나노초의 발진 기동 시간과 8.35 GHz의 중심주파수를 가지는 광대역 콜피츠 전압제어발진기를 설계 및 제작하였다. 전압제어발진기는 HEMT 소자 및 콜피츠 궤환 구조를 이용한 부성 저항부와 바랙터 다이오드 및 단락된 마이크로스트립 분기 선로를 이용한 공진부로 구성되었다. 패키지된 트랜지스터의 기생 인덕턴스로 인해 8.1 GHz에서 용량성 값에서 유도성 값으로 변하는 부성 저항부의 리액턴스 변화는 마이크로스트립 분기 선로와 직렬 캐패시터를 이용하여 보상하였다. 부성 저항 값을 결정하는 궤환 캐패시터들의 값을 조정함으로써 부성 저항 값 변화에 따른 발진 기동 시간 개선 여부와 부성 저항부의 입력 리액턴스 기울기 변화에 따른 대역폭 개선 여부도 조사되었다. 제작된 전압제어발진기는 2.3 GHz(28 %)의 튜닝 대역폭과 4.1~7.5 dBm의 출력 전력, 그리고 2 nsec 이하의 발진 기동 시간을 가지는 것으로 측정되었다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2014

호흡연동방사선치료(respiratory-gated radiation therapy)법을 적용한 세기조절방사선치료(intensity-modulated radiation therapy, IMRT) 시 환자의 호흡에 의한 장기 움직임 크기에 따른 계산된 선량분포와 측정된 선량분포의 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 치료를 완료한 폐암과 간암 환자 4명을 선택하였다. 한 환자당 5개의 조사면 총 20개의 조사면을 갠트리 각도를 모두 $0^{\circ}$로 변경하여 치료계획시스템(Eclipse Ver. 8.1, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., USA)으로 다시 계산하였다. 치료계획과 동일한 조건으로 각 IMRT 조사면을 2차원 이온전리함배열(MatriXX, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)을 자체 제작한 호흡모 플랫폼(respiratory simulating platform)위에 놓고 0, 1.0, 2.0, 및 3.0 cm 씩 호흡 움직임을 모사하여 일반적으로 치료에 사용되는 연동창 범위인 30~70% 위상을 선택하여 호흡연동방사선치료법으로 조사하여 선량분포를 측하였다. 계산된 선량분포와 측정된 선량분포의 2차원적 비교를 위해 소프트웨어(Omni-pro I'mRT, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)를 이용하여 3 mm/3%의 기준으로 감마 지표(gamma index)로 비교하였다. 움직임이 없을 때 감마 지표의 합격률이 평균 98.63% 였으며, 움직임을 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 cm으로 모사할 경우 합격률이 각각 평균 98.59%, 97.82%, 95.84%로 낮아졌다. 따라서 실제 환자에 대해 호흡연동방사선치료법을 적용한 세기조절방사선치료 시 병소의 움직임이 2 cm가 넘을 경우 ITV (internal target volume) 여유분을 크게 설정하거나 연동창을 좁게 선택하여야한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a real-time hand gesture recognition algorithm to eliminate the inconvenience of using hand controllers in VR applications. The user's 3D hand coordinate information is detected by leap motion sensor and then the coordinates are generated into two dimensional image. We classify hand gestures in real-time by learning the imaged 3D hand coordinate information through SSD(Single Shot multibox Detector) model which is one of CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) models. We propose to use all 3 channels rather than only one channel. A sliding window technique is also proposed to recognize the gesture in real time when the user actually makes a gesture. An experiment was conducted to measure the recognition rate and learning performance of the proposed model. Our proposed model showed 99.88% recognition accuracy and showed higher usability than the existing algorithm.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2010

We have investigated the spatial configuration of stars within the tidal radius of metal poor globular cluster NGC 6626 in the bulge direction. Data were obtained in near-IR J,H,Ks bands with wide-field ($20'\times20'$) detector, WIRCam at CFHT. To trace the stellar density around target cluster, we sorted cluster's member stars by using a mask filtering algorithm and weighting the stars on the color-magnitude diagram. From the weighted surface density map, we found that the stellar spatial distributions within the tidal radius appear asymmetric and distorted features. Especially, we found that more prominent over-density features are extending toward the direction of Galactic plane rather than toward the directions of the Galactic center and its orbital motion. This orientation of the stellar density distribution can be interpreted with result of disk-shock effect of the Galaxy that the cluster had been experienced. Indeed, this over-density feature are well represented in the radial surface density profile for different angular sections. As one of the metal poor globular clusters with extended horizontal branch (EHB) in the bulge direction, NGC 6626 is kinematically decoupled from the normal clusters and known to have disk motion of peculiar motion. Thus, our result will be able to add further constraints to understand the origin of this cluster and the formation of bulge region in early universe.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

The Faraday cup electrode of different size has been developed and evaluated to investigate the diffusion effect of particles by Brownian motion in a particle beam mass spectrometer(PBMS). Particles which focused and accelerated by aerodynamic lens are charged to saturation in an electron beam, and then deflected electrostatically into a Faraday cup detector for measurement of the particle current. The concentration of particles is converted from currents detected by Faraday cup. Measurements of particle current as a function of deflection voltage are combined with measured relationships between particle velocity and diameter, charge and diameter, and mass and diameter, to determine the particle size distribution. The particle currents were measured using 5, 10, 20, 40 mm sized Faraday cup that can be move to one direction by motion shaft. The current difference for each sizes as a function of position was compared to figure out diffusion effect during transport. Polystyrene latex(PSL) 100, 200 nm sized standard particles were used for evaluation. The measurement using 5 mm sized Faraday cup has the highest resolution in a diffusion distance and the smaller particles had widely diffused.