• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1-2
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• 2007

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2002

This study was carried out to obtain informations regarding the effect of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the LEY (lactoseegg yolk) diluent according to incubation time in 5 ml maxi-straw and the effects of freezing rate, thawing temperature and thawing time in the LEN (lactose-egg yolk and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) diluent on acrosome morphology and motility of frozen-thawed boar sperm. The study showed that the LEN diluent was higher post-thaw NAR (normal apical ridge) acrosome than the LEY diluent for 0.5 h incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$. However, there were no differences between the LEN and LEY diluents on post-thaw sperm motility according to incubation time. The straws frozen from 5.0 cm (20$^{\circ}C$/min) to 17.0 cm (1$^{\circ}C$/min) above the liquid nitrogen surface did not show any significant differences on post-thaw sperm motility. However, the straws frozen above 5.0 cm from the liquid nitrogen surface were higher NAR acrosome than those frozen above 17.0 cm. The post-thaw percentages of motile sperm and NAR acrosome were significantly higher (p<0.05) for the maxi-straws submerged for 40 or 45 sec in a 52$^{\circ}C$ water bath than for 30, 35, 50 or 55 sec. The mean sample temperatures of maxi-straws after 40 or 45 sec submersion were 20.7 or 26.4$^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, the sample temperature of the thawed semen was very important for post-thaw sperm survival in the LEN diluent of 5 ml maxi-straw. When the temperature of the thawed semen was 20.7$^{\circ}C$, the percentages of motile sperm and NAR acrosome were highest.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.219-226
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• 1997

Follicular fluid influxed into the oviduct during ovulation may affect movement of sperm for fertilization Thus, in this study, the effect of follicular fluid, obtained from follicles of l0mm in diameter, on number and quality of sperm recovered by swim-up separation was investigated and sperm-movement stimulating components extracted from follicular fluid with methanol and isooctane were separated by gel filtration with Sepadex G-1O, G-25 and G-1OO gels, and were isolated by electrophoresis with SDS-PAGE mini gel. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Diluted follicular fluid stimulated sperm movement. 2. Sperm-movement stimulating factors were in methanol extract. 3. Sperm-movement stimulating effect of methanol extract appeared in fraction I among fractions recovered after gel filtration. And the fraction I contained proteins indicating 4 major bands as about 47, 43, 25 and 14 kilodaldons and 5 minor bands as about 67, 58, 23, 22 and 21 kilodaldons. 4. The fraction I recovered from G-100 gel showed significantly low percentage of motile sperm and had no protein indicating the band of 67 kilodaldons among the minor bands.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.413-421
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• 1987

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of sex preselection by gradients methods using bovine serum albumin in rabbits. Artificial insemination with separated sperm was performed, after highly motile sperm were separated by different methods using 6%, 10% and 20% bovine serum albumin. Various characteristics of separated sperm, and the conception rate and secondary sex ratio at artificial insemination with sperm separated by different methods were compared. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The conception rate of sperm separated by bovine serum albumin gradients was higher than th at of control sperm. But secondary sex ratio was not altered by this methods. 2. The sperm separated by bovine serum albumin gradients showed significantly high value in motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility as compared with control sperm and revealed the highest sperm recovery when separated with 6% bovine serum albumin. 3. The sperm motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility of the highly motile sperm frozen after being separated from raw semen with bovine serum albumin, showed significantly high value than those of control sperm.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-231
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• 1998

The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with controlled ovanan hyperstimulation (COH) in the treatment of infertility with various etiologies was compared in a total of 152 cycles. Patients received a maximum of three IUI cycles for the treatment. Severe male ($<2\times10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (> 39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac was seen on ultrasound. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 7.9% per cycle (12/152) and 9.7% per patient (12/124). The pregnancy rates were 0% in unstimulated natural (0/18), 7.5% in CC (3/40), 8.2% in CC+hMG (4/49), 5.9% in GnRH-a ultrashort (1/17), 5.9% in GnRH-a long (1/17) and 27.3% in dual suppression cycles (3/11), respectively. The pregnancy rate was higher in dual suppression cycle than other stimulated cycles, but this was not significant. The multiple pregnancy rates were 25.0% (2 twins and 1 triplet). No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rates were 66.7% in CC (2/3) and 100% in ultrashort cycles (1/1). The livebirth rate was 5.9% per cycle (9/152) and 7.3% per patient (9/124). There were no differences in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, total ampules of gonadotropins and days of stimulation between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. However, significant(P<0.05) differences were observed in the level of estradiol $(E_2)$ on the day of hCG injection ($3,266.6{\pm}214.2$ vs $2,202.7{\pm}139.4$ pg/ml) and total motile sperm count ($212.1{\pm}63.4$ vs $105.1{\pm}9.9\times10^6$) between pregnant group and non-pregnant group. These results suggest that IUI combined with successful ovarian stimulation tends to improve the chance of pregnancy as compared to IUI without COH and a total motile sperm count may be considered predictive of the success for pregnancy.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of sperm derived from the epididymis in regard to sperm motility, sperm penetration to oocyte and subsequent development of the embryo. Frozen-thawed sperm from epididymis showed similar percentage of motile sperm (VSL ${\geq}25{\mu}m/sec$) as compared to that of commercial sperm (control). Sperm penetration of frozen-thawed epididymal and commercial sperm was not significantly different. Moreover, cleavage and blastocyst rates were similar in both epididymal and control. Sperm derived from the epididymis also showed fertilizability and subsequent embryonic development.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out with the purpose to get some information about the properties of Simmental bull semen during summer season. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Semen volume per ejaculation, sperm concentration and sperm viability were averaged 5.16ml, 6.6billion and 65%, respectively. 2. Percentage of motile sperm after dilution in skmmilk solution and trisbuffer for 5 days were 34.16% and 35.0%, respectively. 3. Viability of spermatozoa frozen in skimmilk extender and trisbuffer for 5 days were 20. 83% and 25.66%, respectively. 4. Percentage of live sperm, MRT and pH value were 71.8∼72.1%, 8.40∼8.21 minutes and 6.78, respectively. 5. Diluted semen showed strong resistance to the cold shock than that of fresh semen. 6. Rscovery of sperm motility after freezing for 24 hours was relatively weak.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.90-94
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• 2004

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Panax Ginseng (인삼) on the sperm motility and spermatogenesis in the male rat. Methods : We used 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and administered the extract powder of Panax Ginseng to 5 rats (treated group) and normal saline (control group) once a day for 28 days. We isolated their testes surgically, then observed the change of the body weights before and after administration of Panax Ginseng extracts and normal saline. We observed the weight of the testes, epididymis, vascular gland, and prostate. Also, we examined the total, normal motile sperm concentration, and the concentration of testicular catalase and peroxidase. Results : We found that the concentration of normal, motile sperm in the testes of the Panax Ginseng group showed a significant difference compared with the control group. The angiogenesis of the seminiferous tubule was increased and the increasement of the number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte was observed in the Panax Ginseng group through a microscope. The body weight, the weight of the testes, epididymis, prostate and the concentration of testicular catalase and peroxidase were higher in the Panax Ginseng group but showed no significant difference. Conclusion : This study shows that Panax Ginseng may have an effect on the morphology and motility of sperm, the important factor in male fertility, and can promote the concentration of antioxidants, catalase and peroxidase, which is the important factor in spermatogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.24-35
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Cynomorii Herba (鎖陽) on　the reproductive competence in male mice.　Methods ：　We used 8-week-old Spraque-Dawley rats and administered the extract powder of Cynomorii Herba to 5 rats and normal saline to control group once in a day for 28 days. Then we observed the changes of body weight before and after administration of Cynomorii Herba extracts and normal saline. We isolated their testis surgically and observed the weight of testis, epididymis, vascular gland and prostate. Also we examined the total, normal and motile sperm concentration, the concentration of testicular catalase, peroxidase and configuration of testicular tissue before and after administration of Cynomorii Herba extracts and normal saline. Results : We found that the concentration of total, normal, motile sperm in testis of Cynomorii Herba treated group shows significant difference compared with the control group. The body weight, the weight of testis, epididymis and the concentration of testicular catalase and peroxidase were higher in the Cynomorii Herba treated group, on the other hand the weight of vascular gland was lower in the Cynomorii Herba. But the contents of above statement showed no significant difference. The weight of　prostate showed lower in the control group statistically than that of the Cynomorii Herba treated group. We observed the seminiferous tubules taken shape minutely and the number of normal sperm increased in Cynomorii Herba treated group's testicular tissue. Conclusion This study shows that Cynomorii Herba may have an effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm, the important factor in male fertility.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-335
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find out the effect on fertilizing capacity according to sperm concentration of liquid boar semen. Four different doses with various motile sperm cells of 3.0$\times$10$^{9}$ , 2.5$\times$10$^{9}$ , 2.0$\times$10$^{9}$ , and $1.5\times$10$^{9}$ per 80$m\ell$ plastic bottle were inseminated twice 12 h interval after standing estrus in 6,818 sows. Farrowing rate and total piglets per litter were 82.2% and 10.9, respectively, with no significant differences among the other treatments. The presumption of optimal concentration of motile sperm cells in the liquid boar semen was best at 2.0~2.3$\times$10$^{9}$ per dose.