• 아동학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2009

Instruments used in this study were the Peer Competence Scale(Park & Rhee, 2001), Infant Temperament Questionnaire(Chun, 1993), Emotional Intelligence Quotient Scale(Kim & Kim, 1998), Maternal Parenting Scale(Park & Lee, 1990) Parental Involvement Checklist(Cohen, 1989), and Student-Teacher Relationship Scale(Pianta, 1991). Subjects were 400 preschoolers and their mothers in Seoul. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that (a) children of employed mothers had higher peer competence than children of unemployed mothers. (b) Closeness in teacher-child relationship was the strongest predictor for peer competence of children of employed mothers; maternal strategies promoting peer relationships was the strongest predictor for peer competence of children of unemployed mothers.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difficulties, conflicts, and communications between female-headed single parents and their children, their child rearing methods and attitude, and the political suggestions for the welfare in those families. The in-depth interviews were conducted for 7 women in Gyonggi-Do and Chungnam-Do on March 3-27, 2003. The interviewees were selected for the mothers whose children were enrolled either elementary schools or middle schools. The contents of interviews were receded to be analyzed by qualitative method. The results were as follows; first, female-headed single parent families were in low economic status with unstable employment condition. Secondly, women in that families were confronted with psychological problems because of their multiple roles and low income. Third, although they had a controlled child rearing method, they used much reinforcement and praise. Thirdly, they were in need of the aids for the basic life such as housings and their children's private institute expenses. Finally, they required the repealing of an existing birthright system.

• 아동학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mother-child interactions in terms of maternal child- rearing behavior, maternal self-esteem, and their school-age children's self-esteem. The subjects were, all living in the Seoul area. A pre-test was conducted twice on 98 subjects. Each time the values of Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ were obtained on maternal behavior, maternal self-esteem and children's self-esteem. Data analysis was by ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation. multiple regression analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, and factor analysis. Children's self-esteem was positively related (1) to family background factors:educational level, employment status of mothers, social economic status, and number of siblings (2) to maternal self-esteem and (3) to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of affection, acceptance, and encouragement of independency. Children's self-esteem was negatively related to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of hostility, rejection and encouragement of dependency. The relative importance of independent variables on children's self-esteem was found to be in the following order:mother's educational level. social economic status, and number of siblings (${\beta}=0.5935$, p< .001), maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension (${\beta}=0.0849$, p< .001), and in the acceptance-rejection dimension(${\beta}=0.0365$, p< .05). The regression model showed that 25 percent of the children's self-esteem could be accounted for by family background factors. and maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension and the acceptance-rejection dimension ($R^2=0.25$).

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.99-113
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• 2004

어머니의 식생활 환경인 식생활에 대한 가치관과 식생활 행동이 아동의 식생활 행동과 과잉 능력과 어떤 관련성이 있는 지 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 취학 전 아동(5-6세) 330명과 그들의 어머니를 대상으로 하였으며, 취학 전 아동 변인인 경우 동일한 아동에 대해 어머니와 교사가 조사에 응답하였다. 그 결과, 어머니의 식생활 가치관은 영양을 우선시하는 것에 두고 있었으며, 식생활 행동은 양호의 수준으로 평가되었으며, 식생활 행동에 영향을 주는 변인으로는 어머니 자신의 취업 유무(p<0.001) 그리고 양육 태도(p<0.05) 및 어머니의 식생활 가치관(p<0.05)이 유의적으로 영향을 미치는 변인으로 분석되었다. 아동의 식생활 행동은 어머니가 평가한 결과보다는 교사가 평가한 결과에서 유의적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 아동의 식생활 행동과 아동의 과잉 행동과의 상관성 분석을 한 결과 교사가 측정한 아동의 식생활 행동이 양호할수록 아동의 과잉 행동은 유의적으로 낮음을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 이러한 현상은 동일한 아동일지라도 어머니가 평가한 아동의 식생활 행동에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 어머니의 학력 수준이 낮을수록 그리고 어머니의 양육태도가 권위적인 경우, 아동의 과잉 행동 성향이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한, 어머니의 식생활 환경 변인과 아동의 과잉 행동과의 상관성 분석을 한 결과, 어머니의 식생활 가치관이 확립될수록(p<0.001). 그리고 어머니의 식생활 행동이 양호할수록 (p<0.05), 교사와 어머니가 측정한 아동의 식생활 행동은 유의적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났으며 아동의 과잉행동은 유의적으로 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과. 어머니의 식생활 환경 변인은 아동의 식생활 행동은 물론 과잉 행동에 직, 간접적으로 유의적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 어머니의 식생활 환경은 아동의 영양 관리 및 아동의 성장, 발달 및 행동과 학습 행동에 중요한 영향력을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타나 어머니의 식생활 환경의 중요성을 강조하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.285-305
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of dual-earner families in Seoul. The specific aims of this study were to examine the dynamics of marital relationship, parent-child relationship and old mother-daughter/daughter in law relationship in the same family. The sample consised of 265 dual-earner families was selected based on wives' jobs, primarily non-professional. The information was gathered from working couples and their school-aged children. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Sex role attitude of husbands was more traditional than their wives. Therefore, housework sharing of husbands was very low and wives' perception of inequity was high. Wives' marital satisfaction was affected by the wives' perception of inequity, joint leisure activity, sexual satisfaction, and wives' job satisfaction. Husbands' marital satisfaction was affected by sexual satisfaction, perceived difficulties and problems of the husbands caused by wives' employment, and the degree of their housework participation. 2. The emotional uneasiness of children during mothers' absence was reported. The communication about mothers' job was helpful to gain children's understanding toward mothers' job. Mothers suffered from guilty feeling of neglecting their children in spite of their good performance of mothering role. 3. The employed daughters/daughters in law perceived high rewards and low cost in relationships with their mothers/mothers in law. The perceived quality of daughter-mother relationship was higher with low cost and high rewards than that of daughter in law/mother in law. Finally practical and policy implications were suggested.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

Body mass index(BMI) is recognized as one of the most useful indexes for adiposity in children and adults. This study was conducted to provide information on BMI distribution by age and sex in Korean children, and to identify sociodemographic factors that affected BMI among children. The study was conducted on 2376 children(boys 1184, girls 1192) living in a middle-size city in Korea. Subjects were selected from the primary schoolchildren in grades 1-6 using the two-stage sampling method. Their mean age was 9.4 years. The percentile of BMI tended to increase as age increased in both sexes. The 85th percentile for boys, aged 6-12 years, was 19.8kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 22.5kg/㎡. The 85th percentile for girls, aged 6-12 years, was 18.9kg/㎡, and the 95th percentile was 21.5kg/㎡. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict BMI from percent ideal body weight (PIBW), age and sex. After adjusting PIBW and age, BMI for boys was 0.062kg/㎡ lower than that for girls. One year of age increased BIM by 0.55kg/㎡. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity based on PIBW was 15.8% and 15.0% for boys, and 14.0% and 11.0% for girls, respectively. Demographic factors such as sex, age, and parents' obesity influenced children's BMI. After adjusting for sex, age and parents' BMI, the presence of another children in family, and mother's employment status showed a strong effect on children's BMI. The results suggest an age-sex specific BMI distribution of Korean children. The present study also provides direct evidence of a correlation between early life environmental factors, such as presence of siblings or mother's employment, and BMI level in Korean children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.349-368
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify parental factors associated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2009 to June 2019 were identified through systematic search in 10 electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, NDSL, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, and RISS). Standardized effect sizes were calculated to quantify the associations of parental factors with smartphone overuse in preschoolers using meta-analysis. Results: A total of 30 cross-sectional studies involving 7,943 participants met the inclusion criteria. The following were negatively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers: mother's parenting self-efficacy (r=-.35), mother-child attachment (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting behavior (r=-.28), mother's positive parenting attitude (r=-.25), and father's parenting involvement (r=-.15). Further, maternal factors such as smartphone addiction tendency (r=.41), parenting stress (r=.40), negative parenting behavior (r=.35), negative parenting attitude (r=.14), smartphone usage time (r=.26), employment status (r=.18), and age (r=.12) were positively correlated with smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Conclusion: Several parental factors influence smartphone overuse in preschoolers. These findings emphasize the need to assess and enhance the parental factors identified in this study to prevent smartphone overuse in preschoolers. Accordingly, we recommend the development of preventive interventions to strengthen parent-related protective factors and mitigate risk factors.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2009

This study examined the cognitive and social development of children of low income, disabled mothers. Sixty-four disabled mothers and their 3- to 5-year-old normally developing children participated. Children's IQ, receptive vocabulary, and social adaptive ability were measured with Korean-Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (Park et al.,1996), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center, 1995), and Social Maturity Test(Kim & Kim, 1995), respectively. Results showed that IQ and receptive vocabulary scores were lower than average and that verbal IQ was positively related to shared reading time and library use; verbal IQ was negatively related to duration of child-care attendance. Children's social quotient was higher than average and positively related to mother's employment status and amount of books in the home.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the degree of care stress and the quality of life of grandmothers caring for their grandchildren while mother was employed. Method: A convenience sample of 107 grandmothers were measured for grandmother's care stress using a revised for of the PSI/SF and the quality of life tool by Andrew and Weinert. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Pearson correlation coeffcients were used to analyze the data using SPSS/PC 10.0 Results: The results found that grandmothers' care stress was high according to their age and religion. Their quality of life was low according to their age, their present health status, income and sleep pattern. Their subjective care stress was a sense of social isolation, burden of caring for grandchildren, health problems, and conflict with adult children. Care stress and quality of life were found to be negatively correlated. This result was statistically significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found that the care stress was high and affected quality of life. From this study it is proposed that there is a need to develop programs which consider grandmother' techniques in child care and health care to improve their quality of life. Ultimately, a good care environment for children will be good for the children's growth and development.

• 한국인구학
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 취업여부에 따른 기혼여성의 둘째자녀 출산의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하는 것이다. 경제학적 관점과 문화가치관 접근을 중심으로 가구소득, 교육수준, 자녀양육비, 가사노동조력, 정책 인지 및 욕구, 정서적 도구적 자녀가치관과 첫 자녀 성별 변수의 영향을 살펴보았다. 한국보건사회연구원에서 수행한 '2005년도 전국 결혼 및 출산동향조사'자료에서 한 자녀만 있는 기혼여성 690명을 추출하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취업여성의 경우 남편의 가사노동시간이 증가할수록, 친정어머니가 생존할 경우, 사회적 지원 욕구도가 높을수록, 정서적 자녀가치관이 높을수록 출산의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비취업여성의 경우 자녀 양육비가 낮을수록, 정서적 자녀가치관이 높을수록, 첫 자녀가 딸인 경우 출산의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 취업여성과 비취업여성의 출산의도에 미치는 요인들이 같지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 출산율 제고를 위해서는 취업여성과 비취업여성의 욕구와 현실에 맞는 정책을 마련하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있다.