• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.50 no.12
• /
• pp.1180-1187
• /
• 2007

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an episodic, multi-system, autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissues and by the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), especially antibodies to native (double-stranded) DNA (dsDNA). Its clinical manifestations are extremely variable, and its natural history is unpredictable. Untreated, SLE is often progressive and has a significant fatality rate. The most widely used criteria for the classification of SLE are those of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), which were revised in 1982 and modified in 1997. The presence of four criteria have been diagnosed as a SLE. Rashes are common at onset and during active disease. The oral mucosa is the site of ulceration with SLE. Arthralgia and arthritis affect most children and these symptoms are short in duration and can be migratory. Lupus nephritis may be more frequent and of greater severity in children than in adults. The initial manifestation of nephritis is microscopic hematuria, followed by proteinuria. The most common neuropsychiatric symptoms are depression, psychosis(hallucination and paranoia) and headache. CNS disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation. Libman-Sacks endocarditis is less common in children. The most frequently described pleuropulmonary manifestations are pleural effusions, pleuritis, pneunonitis and pulmonary hemorrhage. During the active phase ESR, CRP, gamma globulin, ferritin and anti-dsDNA are elevated. Antibodies to dsDNA occur in children with active nephritis. Antibodies to the extractable nuclear antigens (Sm, Ro/SS-A, La/SS-B) are strongly associated with SLE. Specific treatment should be individualized and based on the severity of the disease. Sepsis has replaced renal failure as the most common cause of death.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.32-53
• /
• 2015

Objectives : This research aimed to analyze studies on pediatric disease treated by kampo drug, kind of kampo drug used in children, treatment period, and the result of kampo drug treatment for children in Japan. Methods : We got 263 search result with searching word 'kampo medicine' and '小兒', 'children', '乳兒' in J-stage. We selected 34 articles among them which were related to objective of research to analyze studies by type of pediatric disease treated with kampo drug, kinds of kampo drug for each disease, treatment period and result of kampo drug treatment for children. We considered frequency of kampo drug use & pediatric disease treated with kampo drug and significance of research. Results : According to analyzed results, respiratory diseases are the most frequent diseases that are healed by kampo drug. Next sequenced diseases are skin disease. In Kind of kampo drug for pediatric disease. Goreisan and Shosaikoto (柴胡桂枝湯), Shokenchuto (小建中湯) are used frequently. Also, various disease treated with kampo drug were improved. Conclusions : Japanese Doctors consider the Kampo drug is safe and has a lot of merit compared to modern medication. Especially for symptom with unknown origin & immune diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections. Referring to clinical cases of kampo drug in Japan, we will use kampo drug for various pediatric diseases in future.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Oral and facial sensation is affected by various factors, including trauma and disease. This study assessed the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with sensory dysfunction and investigated their sensory perception using simple qualitative sensory tests. Methods: Based on a retrospective review of the medical records, we analyzed a total of 68 trigeminal nerve branches associated with sensory dysfunction in 52 subjects. We analyzed the frequency and etiology of sensory dysfunction, and the frequency of different types of sensory perception in response to qualitative sensory testing using tactile and pin-prick stimuli. Results: The inferior alveolar nerve branch was the most frequently involved in sensory dysfunction (88.5%). Third molar extraction (36.5%) and implant surgery (36.5%) were the most frequent etiological factors associated with sensory dysfunction. Hypoesthesia was the most frequent sensory response to tactile stimuli (60.3%). Pin-prick stimuli elicited hyperalgesia, hypoalgesia, and analgesia in 32.4%, 27.9%, and 36.8%, respectively. A significant association was found between the two kinds of stimuli (p=0.260). Conclusions: Sensory dysfunction frequently occurs in the branches of the trigeminal nerve, including the inferior alveolar nerve, mainly due to trauma associated with dental treatment. Simple qualitative sensory testing can be conveniently used to screen sensory dysfunction in patients with altered sensation involving oral and facial regions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to find out dental caries and periodontal disease based on oral healthcare of adults in Busan. This study will provide the preventive oral healthcare for the periodontal diseases and dental caries. Methods: The study subjects were 369 people from the regular dental health checkup in the general hospital in Busan. After receiving informed consent, a self-reported questionnaire was completed from October 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct examination and toothbrushing method. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: In the morbidity of dental caries and periodontal diseases, the dental caries was most common in those having restored teeth(236 subjects, 64%), while periodontal diseases were found in mild cases of gingival inflammation in 285 subjects(77.2%), and mild cases of dental calculus in 274 subjects(73.4%). Most of the respondents replied that they did not have systemic disease or oral health related symptoms. According to toothbrushing pattern, dental caries experiences were most common in those having less frequent toothbrushing less than 3 minutes and no tongue brushing. The outbreak of dental caries was more common in 5 times than 3 to 4 times a day. Conclusions: The education of the right toothbrushing method and use of dental floss is the most important prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in the adults.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2012

Purpose: To report clinical appearances and the outcomes of patients treated for wrist laceration with suicidal intent. Materials and Methods: Between March 2005 and February 2008, patients with wrist laceration were treated at our center. Among them, 14 patients with suicidal intent were reviewed retrospectively. They were 8 females and 6 males with a mean age of 33 years at the time of treatment. The side of injured wrist, injured structures, suicidal instrument, the time of injury, a suicidal motive, drug or alcohol abuse or not, indication of combined psychiatric disease, the duration of postoperative treatment, and the results of treatment were analyzed. Results: The injured wrist was the left one in 13 cases (93%), and knife wounds in 11 cases (79%) was the most frequent mechanism of injury. An average of 4.6 structures were injured including 3.5 tendons, 0.57 nerves and 0.5 arteries. The most frequently injured structures were the palmaris longus (71%), FCU (50%), FCR (43%), FDS 3 (36%), FDS 2, median nerve, and ulnar artery (each 29%). Simultaneous injury of both median and ulnar nerves occurred in 3 cases (21%), and simultaneous injury of both radial and ulnar artery occurred in 1 case (7%). The injury time was the night in 12 cases (86%), and the most frequent suicidal motive was human relations such as lover or spouse in 12 cases (86%). In 9 cases (64%), the injured were in a drunken state, 3 cases (21%) had been treated for a psychiatric disease at the time of the injury. The durations of postoperative treatment were an average of 5 days of admission and 1 day follow up. Only 1 case results could be evaluated. Conclusions: Patient's poor compliance in wrist laceration with suicidal intent should be expected and these characteristics may affect the management plan.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2000

Background and Purpose: Stroke in young adults is relatively uncommon. Only 3.7-14.4% of all strokes occur in patients aged 15-45 years. Stroke in young adults has more various and diverse possible causes than stroke in the elderly. We studied to gain further insight into both pathogenic and etiologic determinants in young adults with stroke. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 230 young patients aged 15-45 years who were admitted to the 2nd internal medicine department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center with a diagnosis of stroke between May 1995 and May 1999. We analysed clinical features and diagnostic tests, such as brain imaging, cerebral angiography, echocardiography, 24 hours holter monitoring and other laboratory tests. Results : 1. Of 230 young patients with stroke aged 15-45 years(176 males(76.5%) and 54 females(23.5%)), 140 patients(60.9%) showed ischemic stroke and 90 patients(39.1 %) showed hemorragic stroke. 2. The most prevalent age group was from 40 to 45 years with 142 patients(61.7%) 3. The most frequent site of 140 ischemic stroke was MCA territory in 93 cases(66.4%) and Multiple, VA territory, PCA territory, ACA territory in order of frequency. 4. The most frequent site of 90 hemorrhagic stroke was basal galglia hemorrhage 57 cases(63.3%) and subcortical 13 cases(14.5%), pons, thalmus, subarachnoid, cerebellum in order of frequency. 5. The causes of hemorrhagic stroke were hypertension 49 cases(54.5%), arteriovenous malformation 7 cases(7.8%), ruptured aneurysm 4 cases(4.5%), angioma 3 cases(3.3%). 6. The risk factors of ischemic stroke were smoking, alcohol drinking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, heart disease, history of CVA, diabetes mellitus, in order of frequency. 7. The comparison of risk factors between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: hypertension was prevalent in hemorrhagic stroke, heart disease and history of CVA were prevalent in ischemic stroke. Conclusions: From the above results, we found that stroke in young adults had various possible causes. Young adults with stroke deserve an extensive but tailored evaluation which include angiography and echocardiography for diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 1980

A total of 1503 specimens were submitted to the Poultry Disease Diagnostic Service Laboratory during the year 1966 and 1978. The most frequently diagnosed diseases in order of prevalence were avian mycoplasmosis, staphylococcosis, colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pullorum disease, the percentages of the conditions being 24.6%, 20.0%, 18.0%, 12.6% and 6.4%, respectively, The drug resistance of pathogenic mirnoorganisms isolated during the year 1978 from chicken with colicabacillosis, staphylococcosis or salmonellosis were investigated by the use of disc diffusion technique, the results being as follow. 1) Drug resistance of 63 strains of Escherichia coli More than 95% of the strains tested were sensitive to colistin and gentamicin. The percentages of strains sensitive to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and nitrofurantoin were 66.7%, 60.3%, 60.3% and 47.6%, respectively. Majority of the strains were highly resistant to streptomycin and tetracyline. All the strains were resisistant to bacitracin lincomycin, oleandomycin, penicillin and erythromycin. All the strains tested were resistant to more than two among 10 drugs in common use such as penicillin, erythromycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, neomycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin and gentamicin, and 27 different resistance patterns were noted. The most frequent multiple resistance pattern was PC, EM, SM and TC (11.1%). 2) Drug resistance of 48 strains of Salmonella More than 95% of the strains tested were sensitive to colistin, gentamicin ana ampicillin. The percentages of st rains sensitive to kanamycin, tetracycline, neomycin and nitrofurantoin were 81,3%, 79%, 72.9%, and 68.0% respectively. None of them was sensitive to streptomycin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, lincomycin and bacitracin. All the strains were resistant to more than one among 7 drugs in common use such as streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, tetracycline, kanamycin, ampicillin and gentamicin. The most frequent resistance pattern was SM and EM(66.7%). 3) Drug resistance of 54 strains of Staphylococci All the strains tested were sensitive to gentmaicin, kanamycin and cephalothin. Majority of them were highly sensitive to bacitracin, methicillin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. The Percentages of strains sensitive to streptomycin, ampicillin, lincomycin and tetracycline were 66.7%, 55.6%, 44.4% and 27.8%, respectively. Among them, 51 strains were resistant to more than one among 11 drugs in common use such as tetracycline, lincomycin, ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, oleandomycin, chloramphenicol, methicillin and bacitracin, and thirty one different resistance patterns were noted.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.1116-1135
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to research Korean medical treatment methods for hyperthyroidism by summarizing domestic clinical studies. Methods: The study was based on 14 papers published in Korea since 2000, on Korean medicine treatments for hyperthyroidism. Papers were searched on four domestic electronic databases. Results: 1. This paper analyzed 14 studies on the subject of clinical research on hyperthyroidism in Korea. 12 of them reported cases while two of them reported on clinical research. 2. The average age of the subjects was 39 years, 71.3% of women, 20-60 years of age accounted for 92%, and the average duration of disease was 22 months. 3. Of the 115 subjects, 102 had experienced Western medical treatment. So most of them chose Western medical treatment as the first treatment method, of which 24 experienced side effects. 4. Eumhuhwadong (陰虛火動) and Gieumyanghu (氣陰兩虛) appeared 3 times respectively. 5. The Korean herbal medicine, Ahnjeonbaekho-tang was the most frequent herbal medicine used to treat hyperthyroidism, with the next most frequent being Yanggyuksanhwa-tang. 6. The study, which was performed using herbal medicine alone, showed a marked improvement in clinical symptoms and thyroid function test, compared with administration of antithyroid drugs and herbal medicines. Conclusions: Large-scale studies and randomized controlled trials will be needed to evaluate the validity of Korean medical treatment for hyperthyroidism.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2016

Vascular dementia is a very frequent form of dementia. Debates over classification and diagnostic criteria, and controversy over identifiable treatment targets will continue until distinct pathophysiological mechanism of vascular dementia is found. Clinical diagnostic criteria are sufficiently strong to be useful for clinical trials, but need further refinement. Cognitive changes in vascular dementia are more variable than other disorders, and are dependent on the vascular pathology. Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is known to need the presence of reliable cerebrovascular disease on brain imaging. Although it seems obvious that cerebrovascular disease causes pathological damage and impaired cognition, it is very difficult to find the accurate contribution of cerebrovascular pathology to cognitive decline. Most studies have shown a small but significant benefit of cholinesterase inhibitors on cognition, the significance of this effect has been slight and benefits on global functioning, activities of daily living, and behaviour have not been consistently reported. Management of vascular dementia should focus on identifying and managing vascular risk factors.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2018

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is frequent complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the chronic GVHD (cGVHD), the oral cavity is the most commonly affected region. The clinical manifestations include erythema, ulceration, lichenoid-hyperkeratotic change in oral mucosa, dry mouth, and limitation of mouth opening. The initial treatment strategy of oral cGVHD patients is topical corticosteroid therapy in various formulation. However, corticosteroid resistance appears in some patients. We report a case of a 25-year-old male patient with oral cGVHD, who has resistance to topical corticosteroid medication, treated with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment and low-dose doxycycline. The patient showed subjective and objective improvement without side effect.