Browse > Article

Vascular Dementia  

Kim, Tae Woo (Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital)
Kwak, Kyung Phil (Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry / v.23, no.3, 2016 , pp. 80-88 More about this Journal
Abstract
Vascular dementia is a very frequent form of dementia. Debates over classification and diagnostic criteria, and controversy over identifiable treatment targets will continue until distinct pathophysiological mechanism of vascular dementia is found. Clinical diagnostic criteria are sufficiently strong to be useful for clinical trials, but need further refinement. Cognitive changes in vascular dementia are more variable than other disorders, and are dependent on the vascular pathology. Accurate diagnosis of vascular dementia is known to need the presence of reliable cerebrovascular disease on brain imaging. Although it seems obvious that cerebrovascular disease causes pathological damage and impaired cognition, it is very difficult to find the accurate contribution of cerebrovascular pathology to cognitive decline. Most studies have shown a small but significant benefit of cholinesterase inhibitors on cognition, the significance of this effect has been slight and benefits on global functioning, activities of daily living, and behaviour have not been consistently reported. Management of vascular dementia should focus on identifying and managing vascular risk factors.
Keywords
Vascular dementia; Vascular cognitive impairment; Cognitive dysfunction; Dementia; Treatment; Cerebrovascular disease;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Zarow C, Wang L, Chui HC, Weiner MW, Csernansky JG. MRI shows more severe hippocampal atrophy and shape deformation in hippocampal sclerosis than in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011;2011:483972.
2 Herholz K, Ebmeier K. Clinical amyloid imaging in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 2011;10:667-670.   DOI
3 Mattsson N, Zetterberg H, Hansson O, Andreasen N, Parnetti L, Jonsson M, et al. CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. JAMA 2009;302:385-393.   DOI
4 Jagtap A, Gawande S, Sharma S. Biomarkers in vascular dementia: A recent update. Biomarkers Genomic Med 2015;7:43-56.   DOI
5 Chabriat H, Joutel A, Dichgans M, Tournier-Lasserve E, Bousser MG. Cadasil. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:643-653.   DOI
6 Dwyer R, Skrobot OA, Dwyer J, Munafo M, Kehoe PG. Using Alzgene-like approaches to investigate susceptibility genes for vascular cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2013;34:145-154.
7 Yin YW, Li JC, Wang JZ, Li BH, Pi Y, Yang QW, et al. Association between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and the risk of vascular dementia: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2012;514:6-11.   DOI
8 Iadecola C. The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neuron 2013;80:844-866.   DOI
9 Liu H, Yang M, Li GM, Qiu Y, Zheng J, Du X, et al. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism contributes to an increased risk for vascular dementia: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2010;294(1-2):74-80.   DOI
10 Ho RC, Cheung MW, Fu E, Win HH, Zaw MH, Ng A, et al. Is high homocysteine level a risk factor for cognitive decline in elderly? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011;19:607-617.   DOI
11 Deramecourt V, Slade JY, Oakley AE, Perry RH, Ince PG, Maurage CA, et al. Staging and natural history of cerebrovascular pathology in dementia. Neurology 2012;78:1043-1050.   DOI
12 Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F, Tuomilehto J, Clarke R, Ritchie C, et al. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:683-689.   DOI
13 Roman GC, Erkinjuntti T, Wallin A, Pantoni L, Chui HC. Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia. Lancet Neurol 2002;1:426-446.   DOI
14 Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzman R. Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology 1992;42(3 Pt 1):473-480.   DOI
15 Gold G, Bouras C, Canuto A, Bergallo MF, Herrmann FR, Hof PR, et al. Clinicopathological validation study of four sets of clinical criteria for vascular dementia. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:82-87.   DOI
16 Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Bollen EL, Buckley BM, Cobbe SM, et al. Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:1623-1630.   DOI
17 Rea TD, Breitner JC, Psaty BM, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez OL, Newman AB, et al. Statin use and the risk of incident dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Neurol 2005;62:1047-1051.   DOI
18 Forette F, Seux ML, Staessen JA, Thijs L, Birkenhager WH, Babarskiene MR, et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. Lancet 1998;352:1347-1351.   DOI
19 Pearce LA, McClure LA, Anderson DC, Jacova C, Sharma M, Hart RG, et al. Effects of long-term blood pressure lowering and dual antiplatelet treatment on cognitive function in patients with recent lacunar stroke: a secondary analysis from the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:1177-1185.   DOI
20 Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Levalahti E, Ahtiluoto S, Antikainen R, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2255-2263.   DOI
21 Amenta F, Di Tullio MA, Tomassoni D. The cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Clin Exp Hypertens 2002;24:697-713.   DOI
22 Perry E, Ziabreva I, Perry R, Aarsland D, Ballard C. Absence of cholinergic deficits in “pure” vascular dementia. Neurology 2005;64:132-133.   DOI
23 Wilkinson D, Doody R, Helme R, Taubman K, Mintzer J, Kertesz A, et al. Donepezil in vascular dementia: a randomized, placebocontrolled study. Neurology 2003;61:479-486.   DOI
24 Erkinjuntti T, Kurz A, Gauthier S, Bullock R, Lilienfeld S, Damaraju CV. Efficacy of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:1283-1290.   DOI
25 Auchus AP, Brashear HR, Salloway S, Korczyn AD, De Deyn PP, Gassmann-Mayer C, et al. Galantamine treatment of vascular dementia: a randomized trial. Neurology 2007;69:448-458.   DOI
26 Black S, Roman GC, Geldmacher DS, Salloway S, Hecker J, Burns A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of donepezil in vascular dementia: positive results of a 24-week, multicenter, international, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Stroke 2003;34:2323-2330.   DOI
27 Jorm AF, Jolley D. The incidence of dementia: a meta-analysis. Neurology 1998;51:728-733.   DOI
28 Hachinski V, Iadecola C, Petersen RC, Breteler MM, Nyenhuis DL, Black SE, et al. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. Stroke 2006;37:2220-2241.   DOI
29 Farooq MU, Gorelick PB. Vascular cognitive impairment. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013;15:330.   DOI
30 Sachdev P, Kalaria R, O'Brien J, Skoog I, Alladi S, Black SE, et al. Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: a VASCOG statement. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2014;28:206-218.   DOI
31 Leys D, Henon H, Mackowiak-Cordoliani MA, Pasquier F. Poststroke dementia. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:752-759.   DOI
32 Kalaria RN, Maestre GE, Arizaga R, Friedland RP, Galasko D, Hall K, et al. Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:812-826.   DOI
33 Pendlebury ST, Rothwell PM. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:1006-1018.   DOI
34 Allan LM, Rowan EN, Firbank MJ, Thomas AJ, Parry SW, Polvikoski TM, et al. Long term incidence of dementia, predictors of mortality and pathological diagnosis in older stroke survivors. Brain 2011;134(Pt 12):3716-3727.   DOI
35 Firbank MJ, Teodorczuk A, van der Flier WM, Gouw AA, Wallin A, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Relationship between progression of brain white matter changes and late-life depression: 3-year results from the LADIS study. Br J Psychiatry 2012;201:40-45.   DOI
36 Roman GC, Salloway S, Black SE, Royall DR, Decarli C, Weiner MW, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of donepezil in vascular dementia: differential effects by hippocampal size. Stroke 2010;41:1213-1221.   DOI
37 Ballard C, Sauter M, Scheltens P, He Y, Barkhof F, van Straaten EC, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with probable vascular dementia: the VantagE study. Curr Med Res Opin 2008;24:2561-2574.   DOI
38 Wiesmann M, Kiliaan AJ, Claassen JA. Vascular aspects of cognitive impairment and dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013;33:1696-1706.   DOI
39 Diniz BS, Butters MA, Albert SM, Dew MA, Reynolds CF 3rd. Latelife depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. Br J Psychiatry 2013;202:329-335.   DOI
40 Teodorczuk A, O'Brien JT, Firbank MJ, Pantoni L, Poggesi A, Erkinjuntti T, et al. White matter changes and late-life depressive symptoms: longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry 2007;191:212-217.   DOI
41 Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT, Davis S, Ballard C, Barber R, Kalaria RN, et al. Ischemic basis for deep white matter hyperintensities in major depression: a neuropathological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:785-792.   DOI
42 Thomas AJ, Kalaria RN, O'Brien JT. Depression and vascular disease: what is the relationship? J Affect Disord 2004;79(1-3):81-95.   DOI
43 Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Bang W, Bennett DA. Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons. Neurology 2007;69:2197-2204.   DOI
44 de Bruijn RF, Ikram MA. Cardiovascular risk factors and future risk of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Med 2014;12:130.   DOI
45 Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.   DOI
46 Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study. JAMA 1997;277:813-817.   DOI
47 Jellinger KA, Attems J. Challenges of multimorbidity of the aging brain: a critical update. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015;122:505-521.   DOI
48 Stebbins GT, Nyenhuis DL, Wang C, Cox JL, Freels S, Bangen K, et al. Gray matter atrophy in patients with ischemic stroke with cognitive impairment. Stroke 2008;39:785-793.   DOI
49 Ylikoski R, Jokinen H, Andersen P, Salonen O, Madureira S, Ferro J, et al. Comparison of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale and the Vascular Dementia Assessment Scale in differentiating elderly individuals with different degrees of white matter changes. The LADIS Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2007;24:73-81.   DOI
50 Lees R, Selvarajah J, Fenton C, Pendlebury ST, Langhorne P, Stott DJ, et al. Test accuracy of cognitive screening tests for diagnosis of dementia and multidomain cognitive impairment in stroke. Stroke 2014;45:3008-3018.   DOI
51 Gupta M, Dasgupta A, Khwaja GA, Chowdhury D, Patidar Y, Batra A. Behavioural and psychological symptoms in poststroke vascular cognitive impairment. Behav Neurol 2014;2014:430128.
52 Price CC, Jefferson AL, Merino JG, Heilman KM, Libon DJ. Subcortical vascular dementia: integrating neuropsychological and neuroradiologic data. Neurology 2005;65:376-382.   DOI
53 Kua EH, Ho E, Tan HH, Tsoi C, Thng C, Mahendran R. The natural history of dementia. Psychogeriatrics 2014;14:196-201.   DOI
54 Ballard CG, Burton EJ, Barber R, Stephens S, Kenny RA, Kalaria RN, et al. NINDS AIREN neuroimaging criteria do not distinguish stroke patients with and without dementia. Neurology 2004;63:983-988.   DOI
55 Bennett DA, Wilson RS, Gilley DW, Fox JH. Clinical diagnosis of Binswanger's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:961-965.   DOI
56 Inzitari D, Pracucci G, Poggesi A, Carlucci G, Barkhof F, Chabriat H, et al. Changes in white matter as determinant of global functional decline in older independent outpatients: three year follow-up of LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability) study cohort. BMJ 2009;339:b2477.   DOI
57 Fein G, Di Sclafani V, Tanabe J, Cardenas V, Weiner MW, Jagust WJ, et al. Hippocampal and cortical atrophy predict dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease. Neurology 2000;55:1626-1635.   DOI