• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2020

Previous studies have shown disrupted synaptic plasticity and neural activity in depression. Such alteration is strongly associated with disrupted synaptic structures. Chronic stress has been known to induce changes in dendritic structure in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but antidepressant effect on structure of these brain areas has been unclear. Here, the effects of imipramine on dendritic spine density and morphology in BLA and mPFC subregions of stressed mice were examined. Chronic restraint stress caused depressive-like behaviors such as enhanced social avoidance and despair level coincident with differential changes in dendritic spine structure. Chronic stress enhanced dendritic spine density in the lateral nucleus of BLA with no significant change in the basal nucleus of BLA, and altered the proportion of stubby or mushroom spines in both subregions. Conversely, in the apical and basal mPFC, chronic stress caused a significant reduction in spine density. The proportion of stubby or mushroom spines in these subregions overall reduced while the proportion of thin spines increased after repeated stress. Interestingly, most of these structural alterations by chronic stress were reversed by imipramine. In addition, structural changes caused by stress and blocking the changes by imipramine were corelated well with altered activation and expression of synaptic plasticity-promoting molecules such as phospho-CREB, phospho-CAMKII, and PSD-95. Collectively, our data suggest that imipramine modulates stress-induced changes in synaptic structure and synaptic plasticity-promoting molecules in a coordinated manner although structural and molecular alterations induced by stress are distinct in the BLA and mPFC.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2017

본 연구는 피부의 각질층에 분포되어 있는 유지질의 변화 상태를 조절하는 구조체계에 대해 고안한다. 피부구조에 유지질 성분이 어떻게 진행되는지 형태학으로 구성하였고, 주어진 세포사이와 세포횡단의 조건으로 기계적으로 조절되는 형태를 구성하였으며, 구조적인 기능으로 조절기능의 변화 상태를 확인하였다. 유지질 성분에서 피부의 모형을 구성하여 각층에 따른 유기질 상태의 피부 임피던스를 피부의 측정 임피던스 시스템으로 구성하여 진행하였다. 측정 임피던스는 ${\lambda}-Lip-RSC$, ${\lambda}-Lip-RSL$, ${\lambda}-Lip-CSG$, ${\lambda}-Lip-CSS$ 와 ${\lambda}-Lip-RSB$로 형성하였고, 세포사이와 세포횡단의 조건으로 변화의 차가 있고, 변환을 제어하는 전달시스템을 구성과 변환모델을 세분화하여 구축하였다. 앞으로 유지질 상태에서 피부의 기능적 효능조절이 가능한 유지질 성분의 조절시스템을 구성하여 지속적인 피부의 개선효과가 진행 될 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2015

The increasing use of mobile phones has raised public concern about the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on the human brain. To investigate the potential effect of RF-EMF exposure on the brain, we examined the behaviors and hippocampal morphology of C57BL/6 mice after sub-chronic exposure to RF-EMFs with a relatively high SAR level (5.0 W/kg). We applied a 2-hour daily exposure of WCDMA 1,950 MHz using a reverberation chamber that was designed for whole-body exposure for 60 days. In the behavioral tests, RF-EMF did not alter the physical activity or long-term memory of mice. Moreover, no alteration was found in the neuronal and glial cells in the hippocampus by RF-EMFs. In this study, we showed that sub-chronic whole body RF exposure did not produce memory impairment and hippocampal morphological alteration in C57BL/6 mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3383-3387
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• 2015

Portulaca oleracea (Family: Portulacaceae), is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activities. However, cytotoxic effects of seed oil of Portulaca oleracea against human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines have not been studied previously. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Portulaca oleracea seed oil on HepG2 and A-549 cell lines. Both cell lines were exposed to various concentrations of Portulaca oleracea seed oil for 24h. After the exposure, percentage cell viability was studied by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed a concentration-dependent significant reduction in the percentage cell viability and an alteration in the cellular morphology of HepG2 and A-549 cells. The percentage cell viability was recorded as 73%, 63%, and 54% by MTT assay and 76%, 61%, and 50% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in HepG2 cells. Percentage cell viability was recorded as 82%, 72%, and 64% by MTT assay and 83%, 68%, and 56% by NRU assay at 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively in A-549 cells. The 100 $100{\mu}g/ml$ and lower concentrations were found to be non cytotoxic to A-549 cells, whereas decrease of 14% and 12% were recorded by MTT and NRU assay, respectively in HepG2 cells. Both HepG2 and A-549 cell lines exposed to 250, 500, and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of Portulaca oleracea seed oil lost their normal morphology, cell adhesion capacity, become rounded, and appeared smaller in size. The data from this study showed that exposure to seed oil of Portulaca oleracea resulted in significant cytotoxicity and inhibition of growth of the human liver cancer (HepG2) and human lung cancer (A-549) cell lines.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.519-526
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• 2000

Osteoporosis has recently been recognized as a major health problem in the elderly population. The disorder is manifested as a loss of bone mass accompanied by structural alteration of bone and increased incidence of fracture. Mandible also may be affected. So, I evaluated panoramic views of 66 postmenopausal women for finding the possibility of useful diagnostic mandibular parmeters of osteoporosis. To know the correlationship between skeleton and mandible, the average of the bone mineral density of lumbar from 2nd to 4th by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA, LUNAR DPZ. USA), and age and mandibular parameters, that is, the number of residual teeth, alveolar ridge resorption ratio, panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), angular cortical thickness (ACT), ramus cortical thickness (RCT), morphology of mandibular inferior cortical (MIC) were compared. And I divided the all tested women to the osteoporotic group and non-osteoporotic group by the use of T-score -2.0, which was derived from skeletal bone mineral density (BMD). To find the correlationship of the each group with mandibular parameters, t-test and discriminant analysis were done. The results of the t-test were that all parameters were highly related with 2 groups (p<0.05). Especially ACT, MIC, age have had even higher correlationship than others (p<0.001). The results of the discriminant analysis by the use of these ACT, MIC and age were that the discriminant function was Z = -2.973+(-1.447)$\times$(ACT)+1.131$\times$(MIC score)+(0.052)$\times$(age), the cutting score was 0.257 and the classification accuracy was 84.8%. Therefore I suggest that the consideration of the angular cortical thickness (ACT), the age of patient and the morphology of mandibular inferior cortical(MIC) may help find the osteoporosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2021

Objective: In humans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen-dependent ovarian disorder. Aberrant gene expression in folliculogenesis can arrest the transition of preantral to antral follicles, leading to PCOS. We explored the possible role of altered gene expression in preantral follicles of estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in a mouse model. Methods: Twenty female balb/c mice (8 weeks, 20.0±1.5 g) were grouped into control and PCO groups. PCO was induced by intramuscular EV injection. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum (for hormonal assessments using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) was aspirated, and ovaries (the right ovary for histological examinations and the left for quantitative real-time polymerase) were dissected. Results: Compared to the control group, the PCO group showed significantly lower values for the mean body weight, number of preantral and antral follicles, serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9 and BMPR2 (p<0.05). Serum progesterone levels were significantly higher in the PCO animals than in the control group (p<0.05). No significant between-group differences (p>0.05) were found in BMP6 or BMP15 expression. Conclusion: In animals with EV-induced PCO, the preantral follicles did not develop into antral follicles. In this mouse model, the gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 was lower in preantral follicles, which is probably related to the pathologic conditions of PCO. Hypoandrogenism was also detected in this EV-induced murine PCO model.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2010

전라남도 영암군에 위치하고 있는 은적 및 상은 금은광상은 백악기의 유문암질 응회암의 열극을 충진한 맥상광체로 구성되어 있다. 은적광산은 유문암질응회암내열극을 충진한 3개조의 함 금은 열수 석영 맥이 발달하고 있다. 은적, 상은광산의 주요 광석광물로는 유비철석, 황철석, 황동석, 섬아연석, 방연석 등이 확인되었고, 일부 엘렉트럼과 자연은, 휘은석이 산출되고 있다. 광화작용과 관련된 열수변질작용은 견운모화작용이 지배적이며, 녹니석화작용 및 딕카이트화 작용이 관찰된다. 은적, 상은광산 일대의 석영맥은 brecciated, crustiform, comb, open vuggy 조직과 관련된 공생 광물군을 보여주고 있는데, 이는 두 광상의 광화작용이 전형적인 천열수 환경에서 형성되었음을 지시해 주고 있다. 또한, 상은 및 은적 광산에서 산출되는 광석시료를 대상으로 광물자원의 부존특성을 규명하고 광종에 따른 광산별 예비 재평가를 수행하기 위하여 범용자원으로서 Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mo, W, Au, U와 산업원료자원으로서 In, Re, Ga, Ge, Se, Te, Y, Eu, Sm 함량을 분석했다. 예비연구결과, 철, 연, 아연, 동, 텅스텐, 우라늄을 대상으로 개발할 가치가 있는 광상은 없는 것으로 잠정적으로 사료되며, 몰리브덴과 은의 경우 정밀탐광을 통한 매장량이 확보되면 국제적 가격추이에 따라 경제적으로 개발할 가치가 있는 것으로 잠정적으로 사료된다. 맥폭을 0.25m부터 변질대를 포함한 최대 2m까지 적용하고, 금품위를 80 g/t로 적용할 경우, 상은 및 은적광산의 자원량은 6.5톤부터 65톤까지 산출될 수 있다. 그러나, 상은-은적광산의 맥 구조가 변질대와 같이 발달하고 있어 개발 가능한 변질대를 포함한 평균 품위의 산출이 되어야 하며, 변질대를 포함한 평균 품위에 따라 매장량이 달라질 수 있어 향후 많은 탐사가 수행되어야 한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2019

Alopecia has emerged as one of the biggest interests in modern society. Many studies have focused on the treatment of alopecia, such as transplantation of hair follicles or inhibition of the androgen pathway. Hair growth is achieved through proper proliferation of the components such as keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells (DPCs), movement, and interaction between the two cells. The present study examined the effect of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, which is an important and fundamental signal in the cell, on the morphology and the viability of human keratinocytes and DPCs. Upregulation of Hh signaling caused a morphological change and an increase in epithelium-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression but reduced the viability of keratinocytes, while the alteration of Hh signaling did not cause any change in DPCs. The results show the possibility that the regulation of Hh signaling can be applied for the treatment of alopecia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 1992

The effects of lipid peroxidation on the fluidity of the lipid bilayers of the human erythrocyte ghosts and egg-lecithin phospholipid liposomes have been studied. For the measurements of the peroxidation extent and the fluidity of the membranes, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and the fluorescence depolarization of 1, 6-diphynyl-1, 3, 5-hexatriene labelled into the membrane were employed, respectively. The lipid peroxidation was performed in hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase/ferrous ion, and hydrogen peroxide/ferrous ion systems. The results of these experiments show that both of the xanthine oxidase and hydrogen peroxide systems effectively. The lipid peroxidation decreased the fluidity of the membranes, especially at the very early stage of the peroxidation reaction. The decrease in the fluidity of membrane by the lipid peroxidation has been ascribed to the alteration of the polyunsaturated acyl chains of lipids and cross linkages among the membrane components. However, under drastic condition of lipid peroxidation, tdhe fluidity of the membrane rather increased possibly due to the deterioration of the membrane integrity by the peroxidation. Morphological change of the erythrocyte on peroxidation has also been observed.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2009

최근에 이루어진 세포생물학적, 유전학적 연구들을 통하여 미토콘드리아의 구조 변화가 매우 역동적이며, dynamin- related protein(DRP)와 같은 다양한 단백질에 의해 조절된다는 것이 알려지게 되었다. 미토콘드리아가 ATP 합성을 통한 세포내 신진대사에 관여하며, 소포체와 상호작용을 통하여 칼슘 이온 농도의 항상성 유지, 그리고 세포 사멸에서 중요한 역할을 한다는 사실을 고려해 볼 때, 미토콘드리아 구조 역동성 조절은 정상적인 세포의 성장과 항상성 유지와 매우 밀접한 관계에 있다. 이러한 점에서, 미토콘드리아의 구조 역동성 변화가 신경세포의 발달에 큰 영향을 줄 것으로 생각된다. 이 논문에서는 미토콘드리아의 구조 역동성을 조절하는 단백질들을 소개하고, 신경세포의 발달과정에서 미토콘드리아의 구조 역동성 조절의 중요성에 대하여 전망하고자 한다.