• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

Genetic and morphological variation among seven populations of two species of the genus Liobagrus that had been collected from six separate river systems in Korea were analyzed by means of starch electrophoreiss and discriminant function analysis . The degree of genic variation among three population of L.andersoni was P=21.3%, H=0.068 , and that of four population of L.mediadiposalis was P=16.3%, H=0.560. Rogers' gentic similarity coefficient (S) of L.andersoni and L.mediadiposalis were S=0.592 , S=0.675 respectively. In morphometric characters of L. andersoni, the population from Kum River was distinctly different from other conspecific populations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.632-640
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• 2003

Geographic variation in shell morphology of Thais clavigera $(K\"{u}ster)$ (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated using samples collected from 24 sites along the Korean coast. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to 9 morphometric and 4 categorical variables. The shells of T. clavigera were classified into two distinct morph types (Type-W and -E). Temperature and salinity of the sampling sites were significantly correlated with the incidence of morph types. Relative abundance of Type-W (thin, yellowish brown shell with triangular nodules) was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with salinity. In contrast, relative abundance of Type-E (thick, dark purple shell with round nodules) was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. Possible correlation between environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and morphological variations in the shells were discussed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

The morphological features of pollen grains collected from the broad-leaved and cylindrical-leaved Portulaca species of the Hawaiian Islands were investigated. The variation in size and surface pattern were examined using scanning electron microscopy and statistical analysis. Pollens of the Portulaca were apolar grains of monads exhibiting apertures, colpi, and relatively thin echini. Of particular interest was the differing size of pollen grains among the species studied. Pollens of the broad-leaved Portulaca were considerable in size with a length of about $73{\sim}86{\mu}m$, while the cylindrical-leaved Portulaca tended to have smaller pollen grains ranging from 50~65 in diameter. The smallest pollens were found in cultivar 2 having an average of $43{\mu}m$. The pollen was intectate, and the exine surface appeared granulous, having sculptured elements of spinules and puncta. Two types of puncta were discerned; one forming an operculum, and the other, a simple perforation. Numerous spinules and small puncta were found throughout the cylindrical-leaved Portulaca. In the present study, morphological features of pollen grains from ten Hawaiian Portulaca species, including endemic and unknown taxa, revealed the aforementioned pattern of variation. This paper aim to provide morphological information that could be of phylogenetic value within the Hawaiian Portulaca.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2010

Many research results have indicated that many kinds of useful ingredients are rich in buckwheat, which have high nutritional values and medicinal properties, so, buckwheat has been cultivated around Asia and Europe. In this paper, genetic diversity of common and tartary buckwheat germplasms were studied based on morphological and molecular markers in order to provide useful information for conservation and utilization of buckwheat genetic resources. The length, width, thick, value and weight of the seed of the common and tartary buckwheat were measured and analyzed by the statistics methods. The result has shown that there are morphological variation both in common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat seeds collected from different regions. It also has shown that the morphological variation of tartary seeds was significantly correlated to geographical regions. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the tartary buckwheat collected from different countries were cloned, sequenced and statistically analyzed. The data showed that ITS sequences were informative to analyze the phylogeny of the tartary buckwheat and the data also showed that the genetic distances varied among different tartary buckwheat seeds collected from different countries.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2000

Intraspecific genetic relationship of 19 variation types of the Yam (Dioscorea alata) classified by their external morphological characteristics such as leaf and tuber shape were assessed by DNA using random and specific primer. Twenty two out of 113 primers (100 random[10-mer] primers, two 15 mer [M13 core sequence, and (GGAT)$_4$ sequence]) had been used in PCR-amplification. Only 12 primers, however, were success in DNA amplification in all of the analyzed plants, resulting in 93 randomly and specifically amplified DNA fragments. The analyzed taxa showed very high polymorphisms(69 bands, 71.0 %), allowing individual taxon to be identified based on DNA fingerprinting. Monomorphic bands among total amplified DNA bands of each primer was low under the 50%. Similarity indices between accessions were computed from PCR(polymerase chain reaction) data, and genetic relationships among intraspecific variations were closely related at the levels ranging from 0.66 to 0.90. These DNA data were not matched well with those of morphological characters since they were divided into two major groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.70. Therefore, Grouping of species into variation types by mainly morphological charactistics was suggested unreasonable.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2020

This experiment study aimed to identify the continuous genetic variation caused by benzyladenine (BA) treatment in strawberry tissue culture. The 'Goha' cultivar was used and treated with different concentrations of BA (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg·L^-1). Morphological and genetic variation tests were performed, and genetic continuity tests were performed for three years. The morphological variation induced by BA was distinctively high (10.5 ~ 20.0%) and the genetic variation was 7.0 ~ 15.0%, 1.8 ~ 10.0%, and 5.0% in the first, second, and third year of cultivation, respectively. The rate of genetic variation decreased with increasing cultivation years. In addition, genetic variation caused by BA 1.0 mg·L^-1 and BA 2.0 mg·L^-1 occurred in the first and second years of cultivation, whereas only BA 2.0 mg·L^-1 caused genetic variation in the third year of cultivation. Therefore, a concentration of less than 1.0 mg·L^-1 BA was used for the propagation of strawberry tissue culture plants, and it was necessary to identify their variation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2013

To better understand the morphological variation of the Perilla crop and their weedy types in East and Southeast Asia, we studied the morphological variation of 90 accessions by examining 10 morphological characteristics, such as flowering time, seed size, seed hardness, seed color, color of surface leaf, color of reverse side leaf etc. As a result, morphological variation determined that between cultivated var. frutescens and var. crispa, and between cultivated var. frutescens and its weedy type showed significant morphological differences in terms of seed size and seed hardness, whenever cultivated var. crispa and its weedy type could not showed significant differences in most morphological characters. In PCAs (principal component analysis), among 10 morphological characteristics, flower color (QL6), color of surface leaf (QL3), seed size (QN2), seed hardness (QL1), seed color (QL2), stem color (QL7), and color of reverse side leaf (QL4) contributed in negative direction on the first axis, while flowering time (QN1), leaf shape (QL5), and degree of pubescence (QL8) contributed in positive direction on the first axis. Among these morphological characters, particularly flower color (QL6), color of surface leaf (QL3), seed size (QN2), seed hardness (QL1), and degree of pubescence (QL8) were useful characters for discrimination between cultivated var. frutescens and weedy var. crispa, and between cultivated var. frutescens and its weedy type. However, most accession of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa was not clearly discriminated by PCA analyses. Although the wild ancestral species of var. frutescens and of var. crispa are still unknown in East and Southeast Asia, the weedy types of Perilla crop may be the key taxon for our understanding of the origin of cultivated types of var. frutescens and var. crispa.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2008

In order to better understand the morphological differentiation of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan, we studied the variation of 62 accessions by examining 15 morphological characteristics. By using ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance), we determined that var. frutescens and var. crispa showed significant morphological differences in terms of plant height and seed weight. Furthermore, cultivated var. frutescens and var. crispa could also be clearly discriminated from one another using PCA (principal component analysis). Specifically, quantitative and qualitative characteristics such as plant height, seed weight, degree of pubescence, shape of leaf, color of leaf, fragrance of plant, color of flower, color of stem and seed size greatly contributed to differences seen in the positive and negative direction on the first axis. In our study, most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and those of its weedy type could be clearly discriminated from one another, however, most accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa were not clearly discriminated by the ANOVA and PCA analyses. These results indicated that cultivated var. frutescens can be considered to be a domesticated form, while the cultivated var. crispa can not be considered to be a domesticated form in Korea and Japan. It is our belief that our results concerning the morphological variations among cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan will help ensure the long-term success of breeding programs and maximize the use of the germplasm resources in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.171-177
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• 2004

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.303-316
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• 2009

Genetic variation among the base isolates and monosporidial strains derived from these isolates of Tilletia indica- the causal agent of Karnal bunt (KB) in wheat, was analyzed by morphological, growth behaviors and RAPD-ISSR based molecular polymorphism. Genetic make up of fungal cultures vary among each other. The magnitude of variation in KBPN group is less (narrow genetic base) when compared to the other groups KB3, KB9 and JK (broad genetic base) reflecting that variability is a genetically governed process. The generation of new variation with different growth characteristics is not a generalized feature and is totally dependant on the original genetic make-up of the base isolate generating new monosporidial strains. Thus, it can be concluded that monosporidial strains derived from mono-teliosporic isolate, consists of genetically heterogeneous population. The morphological and genetic variability further suggests that the variation in T. indica strains is predominantly derived through the genetic rearrangements through para sexual means.