• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.147-159
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• 2016

This study is intended to draw a scale for problem behaviors of young children. To achieve this, an empirical survey was carried out on experts from three groups of daycare center teachers, kindergarten teachers and early childhood education-majored professors. A total of 209 items were measured by the scale for young children's problem behaviors from the 1970s to now. The results showed that 96 of a total 209 items in 5 categories related to the scale for young children's problem behaviors were adopted as major items. Using these 96 major items in 5 categories, 17 out of 40 items in a peer relationship category, 13 out of 41 items in a development category, 20 out of 50 items in a fundamental habit category, 22 out of 38 items in a morality category, and 24 out of 40 items in an emotion category were adopted. Most items were adopted in the emotion category, whereas most items were rejected in the development category. Therefore, it is judged that their problem behaviors are caused mainly by anxiety, shrinking, unexpected behaviors, dependence on parents or teachers, and slow behaviors due to the latent negative emotions of young children at the developing stage.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.77
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• pp.281-300
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• 2010

Professional ethics has received relatively little attention from scholarship in comparison with its practical needs. Professional ethics as an independent study of ethics is still underdeveloped in the sense that there is no theoretical unity. The purpose of this article is to lead to the fundamental importance of the professional ethics. More specifically, this article aims at clarifying the unified view of professional ethics through the detailed analysis of professionalism. Therefore, The main themes of this article are professionalism, conflicts between duties of professional roles and those of ordinary morality, the boundary of professional authority, the foundations of professional values and obligations, and the character of professional responsibility. The conclusion which is drawn from this study can be briefly stated as follows. Professionalism is an important social category, and professional should not isolate themselves from the public sphere. Thus, professional ethics that contains positive ethical standards should be built upon the basis of 'shared responsibility' which stimulate professional's moral commitment and institutional improvement.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.467-474
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• 2016

This study is intended to look into the effects of children's problem behaviors on the coping strategies of teachers involved in early childhood education (ECE). To achieve this, a survey was administered to 90 teachers involved in ECE at kindergartens and child care centers in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The findings showed that these teachers have a professionalism and suitability for their career and excellent ability to cope with the problems of children in this age group. The results showed that competent teachers had less tendency to put children in the corner or give physical punishment to them than incompetent teachers. Competent teachers didn't use coping strategies involving scolding or saying no with a somewhat loud voice, but rather pointed to each word accurately or helped the children express their feelings and understand their situation. However, their coping strategies may not always be suitable in all situations. When necessary, saying no accurately with an accompanying warning is also important. Consequently, career and professional knowledge are important for teachers involved in ECE, and it would be useful to collate the diverse strategies that they use.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.313-342
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• 2017

This paper illuminates the philosophical meaning of appropriateness(中節) in Yi Yik(李瀷) and Shin Hudam(愼後聃)'s theories of moral emotion. According to this paper, there was a difficult problem in Toegye Yi Hwang (退溪 李滉)'s philosophy. That is, How we could regulate the relation between Four Beginnings(四端) and appropriate Seven Feelings(七情). Yi Yik tried to solve this problem by elucidating philosophical significances of appropriate Seven Feelings as it were, one hand, he approved the morality of appropriate Seven Feelings, and on the other hand, differentiated appropriate Seven Feelings from Four Beginnings. Thereby He achieved to explain this problem. His solution was dependent on the concept of 'impartial sympathic spectator' that he suggested. It is valuable that Yi Yik reexamined the ethical meaning of appropriateness. His pupil Shin Hudam, however, criticised Yi Yik's opinion and identified Four Beginnings with appropriate Seven Feelings. Shin Hudam deconstructed the conceptual scheme of moral emotion suggested by Yi Yik and regarded appropriate Seven Feelings as Four Beginnings. According to Shin Hudam, the concept of appropriate Seven Feelings designed by Yi Yik was very ambiguous, actually there was no any dividing line between Four Beginnings and appropriate Seven Feelings. Both are equally moral principle manifestation(理發)and moral public(公). Now old concept category of moral emotion(Sadan and Chiljeong) was disappeared and new concept category of moral emotion was appeared, that is public and private.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to seek for efficient method of health improvement program for the old and to offer basic material for the development of community's public health service. This study investigated into the yangseng life level of the old and the factors which affect their yangseng life, and was to offer basic materials for oriental medicine-based health improvement plan which is appropriate for each community. The 818 surveys were conducted upon the old who are above 65 and who live in Jeollabukdo, and the results from the survey are as follows ; 1. The rural area showed more percentage of old people, the old who live alone and who have job compared to urban area. More people in rural area were found to live at their own expense. Additionally, there were more people who had high education in urban area and who have disease in rural area. 2. The total yangseng level of recipients was 94.20, and the average was 3.25. The average of urbanite was 3.26 and it was 3.23 for who live in rustic area, but there found no significant difference. All the old live in both urban area and rural area showed the highest score in morality yangseng and lowest in sex-life yangseng. 3. There found no difference upon regions, but the recipients show high yangseng level when they are male, have spouse, live with them, have factors including high education background, job, religion and hobby, or have confidence in their health. They also show high yangseng level when they do not have any disease in progress. 4. According to the results of general traits and yangseng level of each category, the old who live in urban area show higher exercise yangseng level than the one in rural area, and there is no significant difference upon the region in other categories. There were some cases which general traits and regional characteristics mutually affected each other. In conclusion, the yangseng level of the old is affected by individual traits and habits rather than the regions in which they live. The old who live in rural area are required to focus on exercise more, since the exercise yangseng level of them were lower than the ones of urban area. Moreover, there were some cases which general traits and regional characteristics mutually affected each other, so it requires further in-depth study about the correlation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

Recently, Police integrity has been issued on the media, which cause discredit of police organization. Although high level of morality and integrity are required compared to other occupational groups due to their authority to exert legal force to the citizens and a variety of policies have been enforced by the National Police Agency for the purpose of uplifting the integrity of the officers, in reality, corruption had not yet been eradicated. At this point in time, this study attempted to draw implications for uplifting integrity by utilizing domestic and foreign preceding studies and statistical data related to police corruption and uplifting integrity. The inspection system through whistle-blowing was pointed out as a problem in the institutional framework that hinders uplifting integrity of the police officers and the perception in which police officers are regarded as potential criminals was also pointed out as a problem. Also, vague standards of disciplinary action in examining an offense of a police officer and lack of care for those who were disciplined in the past which affects loyalty to the organization were presented as problems. Based on such suggested concerns, policies for uplifting integrity and restoring citizens' trust in the policies officers were proposed. The proposed agenda were warning the police officers by presenting clear and specific category of corruptive behaviors, expressing the necessity of devising a system that prevents the officers from committing serious crimes by discovering problematic officers earlier through introduction of Early Warning System(EWS) of US and Australian police in order to break away from exposure-oriented inspection system, and reinforcing the testing of integrity in the new employment process.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.793-803
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• 2018

Since Confucius presentied 'zhong-yong' and Zi Si wrote Zhong-Yong (The Doctring of the Mean), specially since Zhu Xi edited Zhong-Yong as one of Si-Shu (The Four Books) and interpreted it, zhong-yong was not only recognized as the extreme of morality but also as a significant category of Confucianism. The purpose of this paper is to clarify how Jeong Yak-Yong criticized Zhu Xi's interpretation of zhong-yong, and furthermore, to search how Jung Yak-yong explain the zhong-yong by tree concepts of 'grasp', 'moral behavior', and 'habit'. Zhu Xi interpreted zong as a measured absolute middle of two-side and a non-launched original nature. Interpreted yong as a common truth. Therefore he interpreted zhong-yong as a common truth of neither excessive nor enough. Accordingly, Zhu Xi's zhong-yong can be understood as absolute zhong-yong without human's reflection and moral behavior. But Jeong Yak-Yong interpreted zhong as the state of a man's very hard-concentrate and grasp of situation, and interpreted yong as the state of a man's very hard-effort moral behavior and it's habit. Therefore he explained zhong-yong as a habit of moral behavior through grasp.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.1-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research the religious-ethical meaning of the scripture (Jeongyung, 典經) of Daesoonjinrihoe, one of religious orders in Korea. It is 'the reorganizing in the order of heaven and earth' (ROHE, 天地公事)that the believers of Daesoonjinrihoe regard as the essence and basis of their religious belief in Jeongyung, and so I focus on it in this paper. And I have applied the method of religious ethics that recognize the relation religion and morality for understanding religious-ethical meaning of moral principles and norms. In the process of this study I have selected a lot of moral principles, norms and activities in ROHE, and sorted them with their social context of ROHE. In this research I have found some characteristics of ethical norms in the ROHE according to three divisions of ethical category such as personal, social and natural ethics. The understanding of mind is an important point of personal ethic in the ROHE. The mind is understood as the subject and object of personal ethical attitude and volition. So one could have ethical attitude by oneself with mind as subject, and reflect and correct on his ethical faults with the mind as ethical object. The distinctiveness of social ethic in the ROHE is special concerns to the weak at that time such as sick person, illegitimate children, shamans, farmhands and etc. This is a logical consequence of the ethical altruism of the ethic of mutual beneficence(相生) and the dignity of human(人尊) in ROHE. And the ethics of mutual beneficence is applied to natural ethic of ROHE. Since natural world including all sort of plants and animals is intimately related to the human worlds, so it is a desirable attitude for to accommodate to the changes of nature. Even if these characteristics of ethics in ROHE are justified by the religious beliefs, the norms from them are available in our religious pluralistic societies, since they have common ethical values of other religious ethics. It is my concluding remark that religious orders or denominations have to offer a lot of moral norms suitable to religious pluralistic situation. Because it is needed for our society to conquer various sort and kind conflicts among religions, and to act harmoniously together for public peace.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.357-375
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out methods to control, regulate and prevent sexual violence and provide guidelines for sex education in middle school. This study was conducted to examine factors in relation to sexuality, attitudes toward women, experience of sexual contact, frequencies and kinds of pornography with which they had contact, and sex education. For the data collection, a survey was conducted from September 25 to October 1, 1997 by using prepared questionnaires. Questionnaires were given to 503 students from three different kinds of middle schools in Seoul, Boys, Girls, and Coeducation schools. The data analyses used a PC-SAS. Each item was examined by frequencies and percentage. To compare Boys with Girls, I applied a T-test. In addition, with the kinds of school type, I applied anANOVA, ${\chi}^2$. Moreover, For investigating and analyzing each category, I categorized knowledge and attitude of sexuality, with precautionary measures of sexual violence. After that I applied T-test, ANOVA, and a Pearson's correlation for each category. The instruments of this study consisted of 9 domains. (1) General characteristics of the respondents (2) 9 questions about the interaction between he/she and his/her parent. (3) 12 questions, concerning A Scale for Attitudes of Adolescents Toward women(AWSA). (4) 26 questions related to sexual knowledge. (5) 25 questions about sexual attitude (6) strategies for prevention of sexual violence-33 questions (7) 5 questions related to sexual behavior (8) the experience of contact with pronography. (9) the experience of sex-education. The major results were summarized as follows; 1. Like many researches, This study shows that the girls are more eqalitarian than boys. The girls mean ($40.90{\pm}3.67$) is significantly higher than boys ($34.72{\pm}3.77$). Most Koreans have believed that there are many differences between men's roles and women's ones, because of confucianism which had been implied in most thought and ideas since the Lee dynasty. Therefore, the result is not surprising at all. 2. Most students answered correctly the questions of sexual knowledge. The girl's score was higher ($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $48.88{\pm}2.39$) than the boys' ($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $46.95{\pm}3.90$)(p 0.001). Nevertheless, the hypothesis that sexual knowledge influences sexual attitude and its behavior was rejected. 3. When twenty-five questions were asked about sexual attitude, the girl students investigated were found to have a more propre sexual attitude than that of the boys. A significant difference was found between boys and girls(p=0.001). The result shows that a person who has more experience in viewing pornography and who smokes will have a more distorted view of sexuality. 4. There are many students who have experienced of sexual contact. They need to take a sex education program about contraception and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Systematic and concrete sex education is one way to lead them to proper sexual behavior. 5. Most respondents rejected stereotyped attitudes towards women. Boys, however, were more likely to accept stereotypes of Women. The girl's mean($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $40.90{\pm}3.67$) is higher than the boys($Mean{\pm}SD$ : $34.72{\pm}3.77$)(p=0.0001). 6. Many boys ignored the rules for prevention of sexual violence. A boy or a girl who has more experience of sexual contact over kiss and sex-typed neglected the rules, too(p=0.001). Today, there is increasing juvenile delinquency related to sexuality. This study provided the basic material for a preventive education system. I believe that a systematic and concrete sex education system can be helpful for adolescents and promote their responsibility as well as cultivate morality about sexuality. As a result, juvenile delinquency can be decreased. This study is basically aimed to provide information for a prevenative education system of sexual violence. Further research is recommended to evaluate programs in schools.