• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2007년도 제26회 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-22
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• 2007

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국문화재보존과학회 2001년도 제14회 발표논문집
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 이집트의 피라밋, 스핑크스를 대상으로 현지풍화상태를 조사하고 이에 대한 장기적인 내구성을 분석하기 위해 동일 암석층인 카이로의 모카탐 채석장에서 시료를 채취하였다. 시료의 성분을 분석한 결과 기자지역의 석회암과 동일한 구성을 보여 향후내구성 평가실험에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 인공풍화 실험 전후의 물성 변화를 통해 정량적 내구성을 측정하고 채색된 암석 표면에서 나타나는 풍화상태를 이미지 처리를 통해 분석함으로 석회암의 공학적 내구성을 효과적으로 분석 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2008

The potential use of Cu-based shape memory alloys (SMA) in retrofitting historical monuments is investigated in this paper. This study is part of the ongoing work conducted in Tunisia within the framework of the FP6 European Union project (WIND-CHIME) on the use of appropriate modern seismic protective systems in the conservation of Mediterranean historical buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The present investigation consists of a finite element simulation, as a preliminary to an experimental study where a cantilever masonry wall, representing a part of a historical monument, is subjected to monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loadings around a horizontal axis at the base level. The wall was retrofitted with an array of copper SMA wires with different cross-sectional areas. A new model is proposed for heat-treated copper SMAs and is validated based on published experimental results. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses are then performed on the wall for the purpose of assessing the SMA device retrofitting capabilities. Simulation results show an improvement of the wall response for the case of monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loadings.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.89-106
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• 1993

Wherever Buddhism has flourished, there were stupas in the form of monuments which have their origin in the tumulm of prehistoric times. After the death of Buddha, his body was cremated following the Indian funeral custom. His ashes, which long reserved for the remains of nobles and holymen, were enshrined under such artificial hills of earth and brick. The Stupa was in origin a simple burial-mound. The form of the burial-mound was a symbolical or magic reconstruction of the imagined shape of the sky, like a dome covering the earth. The domical form of the earliest tumuli may have been concious replicas of the shape of the Vedic hut. There are relationships which may have originally existed between the stupa and West Asiatic monuments. Buddhist Stupa originally cosisted of an almost hemispherical tumulus(anda) and an altar-like structure (harmika) on its top, surmounted by one or several superimposed honorific umbrellas (hti, catta). This hemispherical form is associated with centralisation, lunar worship, mother earth, and Siva. Anda means a symbol of latent creative power, the harmika symbolizes the sanctuary enthroned aboved the world. The honorific umbrella, as an abstract imitation of the shade-giving tree is one of the chief solar symbols and that of enlightenment.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.324-332
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• 2014

Many problems in naming natural monuments have been repeatedly argued by many researchers, and four different types of naming problems were identified: 1) name of unknown nationality (natural monument no. 82 and 108), 2) morphological name rather than scientific name (natural monument no. 180, 295, and 409), 3) name of fable character (local cultural property of Changnyeonggun), and 4) scientifically wrong name (natural monument no. 413). Among them, two cases (case 3 and 4) using wrong names are found in natural monument of geologic heritages, which should be ascribable to a hasty designation without an accurate and thorough scientific research. In order to solve these problems and to establish an ideal policy in designating natural monument, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage has been carrying out a research project of "Pre-study and Post-designation (PSPD)", especially targeting the rod-shaped stromatolite. It is likely that this new strategy of PSPD is a unique and the first step to solve many problems in designating and naming geologic heritages as natural monuments. As a consequence, we strongly suggest that PSPD system must be applied to natural monument designation as an institutional arrangement.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.495-521
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• 2016

Ancient monuments of Greek and Roman classical architecture usually consist of multi-drum columns that are constructed of stone blocks placed on top of each other. Several research studies deal with the seismic behaviour of such structures, since earthquakes are common causes of destruction of such monuments. This paper investigates the effect of multiple earthquakes on the seismic performance of multi-drum columns, through numerical simulations and parametric analyses. The Discrete Element Method and an appropriate contact model have been implemented in a specially developed software application that is able to efficiently perform the necessary simulations in two dimensions. Specifically, various strong ground excitations are used in series for the computation of the collective final deformation of multi-drum columns. In order to calculate this cumulative deformation for a series of ground motions, the individual deformation of the column for each excitation is computed and then used as initial conditions for the next earthquake excitation. Various multi-drum columns with different dimensions are also considered in the analyses in order to examine how the geometric characteristics of columns can affect their seismic sequence behaviour, in combination with the excitation frequency content.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2022

One of the promising sectors of the economy today is tourism in all forms and types. The multiplier effect of tourism is huge: the income received from one tourist exceeds the amount of money spent by him at the location on the purchase of services and goods in the range from 1.5 to 4 times. Countries known as world centers of tourism have made it a state policy, taking on the functions of forecasting, coordinating and controlling. The architectural monuments of the city historical structure are a pretty resource for tourism. Cultural tourism as a type of sociocultural human activity is one of the popular and mass types of tourism. The number of people wishing to get acquainted with historical and cultural sights is growing every year. In the cultural aspect, tourism has an impact on the spiritual and material spheres of human life, his way of life, value system, social behavior.Thus, the main task of the study is to analyze the features of the architecture of tourism and tourist complexes. As a result of the study, current trends and prerequisites for the architecture of tourism and tourist complexes were investigated.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

This paper represents the final results of a research program sponsored by the European Commission through project WIND-CHIME ($\underline{W}$ide Range Non-$\underline{IN}$trusive $\underline{D}$evices toward $\underline{C}$onservation of $\underline{HI}$storical Monuments in the $\underline{ME}$diterranean Area), in which the possibility of using advanced seismic protection technologies to preserve historical monuments in the Mediterranean area is investigated. In the current research, the dynamic characteristics of two outstanding Mamluk-Style minarets, which similar minarets were reported to experience extensive damage during Dahshur 1992 earthquake, are investigated. The first minaret is the Qusun minaret (1337 A.D, 736 Hijri Date (H.D)) located in El-Suyuti cemetery on the southern side of the Salah El-Din citadel. The minaret is currently separated from the surrounding building and is directly resting on the ground (no vaults underneath). The total height of the minaret is 40.28 meters with a base rectangular shaft of about 5.42 ${\times}$ 5.20 m. The second minaret is the southern minaret of Al-Sultaniya (1340 A.D, 739 H.D). It is located about 30.0 meters from Qusun minaret, and it is now standing alone but it seems that it used to be attached to a huge unidentified structure. The style of the minaret and its size attribute it to the first half of the fourteenth century. The minaret total height is 36.69 meters and has a 4.48 ${\times}$ 4.48 m rectangular base. Field investigations were conducted to obtain: (a) geometrical description of the minarets, (b) material properties of the minarets' stones, and (c) soil conditions at the minarets' location. Ambient vibration tests were performed to determine the modal parameters of the minarets such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. A $1/16^{th}$ scale model of Qusun minaret was constructed at Cairo University Concrete Research Laboratory and tested under free vibration with and without SMA wire dampers. The contribution of SMA wire dampers to the structural damping coefficient was evaluated under different vertical loads and vibration amplitudes. Experimental results were used along with the field investigation data to develop a realistic 3-D finite element model that can be used for seismic risk evaluation of the minarets. Examining the updated finite element models under different seismic excitations indicated the vulnerability of such structures to earthquakes with medium to high a/v ratio. The use of SMA wire dampers was found feasible for reducing the seismic risk for this type of structures.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2014

본 연구는 보호지역으로 보호되고 있는 국가지정 문화재중 천연기념물과 명승을 대상으로 현황을 분석하고 이들 문화재를 보호지역 카테고리에 포함하기 위한 기초연구로 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현재 문화재보호법으로 지정 보호되고 있는 자연문화재중 명승과 천연기념물을 대상으로 보호지역 현황을 조사한 결과 명승40개소, 천연기념물 126개소가 보호지역으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 조사결과 자연문화재에서의 보호지역은 마을에서 '당숲', '성황림', '신림(神林)'등으로 오랫동안 마을사람들의 행(幸) 불행(不幸)에 관계된 성스러운 대상이었으며, 물리적 환경뿐만 아니라 문화적 가치와 규범, 토지에 대한 태도와 신앙관 등이 종합적으로 결합된 결과물로써, 주민들로부터 마을을 지켜주는 신성한 장소로 인식되고 있으며, 그 지역의 독특한 민간신앙 등으로 인해 강력한 보호를 받고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 천연기념물 노거수는 점적인 형태로 인식되어 보호지역에 포함하지 못하고 있으나, 보호지역을 중심으로 보호구역을 설정되어 있어 세계보호지역 등재가 가능할 것으로 조사되었다. 넷째, 명승의 자연성지는 IUCN 카테고리의 지정 목적을 달성할 수 있도록 세계보호지역으로 설정함에 있어 명승 내부의 공간별 특성에 따라 자연성지를 비롯한 개별 카테고리를 세분화하여 적용함으로써 세계보호지역으로 관리하여 보호해야 할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.78-93
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• 2013

본 연구는 자연유산의 미래의 수요자인 대학생들을 대상으로 천연기념물, 명승으로 대별되는 자연유산과 국 도립공원, 생태 경관보전지역과 같은 유사 개념을 얼마만큼 올바르게 인식하고 있는지를 알아보고, 보존 중요성 등 태도차원에서 각 개념 간의 경쟁구조를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 보존의 중요도는 '천연기념물>생태 경관보전지역>국 도립공원>명승'의 순으로 나타나 천연기념물보다는 명승을 상대적으로 덜 보존적으로 인식하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 순천만, 설악산, 창녕 우포늪, 홍도, 독도, 문경새재, 한라산, 성산일출봉, 영월 고씨굴, 태안 신두리 해안사구 포함 관광명소 10개소를 대상으로 자연유산 유형을 올바르게 인식하고 있는지를 대응분석한 결과, 전반적으로 응답자들은 자연유산에 대한 개념을 바르게 인식하고 있지 않다는 것을 파악할 수 있었으며, 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있도록 인식제고 프로그램 마련이 필요하다. 다차원 척도법을 활용하여 자연유산 유사개념 경쟁구조(유사성)를 파악한 결과, 포지셔닝 맵에서 천연기념물과 명승이 비교적 멀리 떨어져 나타난 것을 볼 때 각기 차별화되는 방문자 관리가 요구된다. 포지셔닝 맵 상에 나타난 자연유산 유사개념 경쟁구조와 각 개념에 대한 태도를 구성하는 속성결합의 결과를 살펴보면, 자연유산을 비롯한 네 개념 모두가 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 보아 향후 차별화된 홍보전략이 필요하다. 응답자들도 자연유산을 활용보다는 보존의 대상으로 생각하는 경향이 있는 것으로 파악되며, 다양한 관리주체 때문에 천차만별인 관리 수준을 체계화할 필요가 있다고 여겨진다.