• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

한국 산악 경관에서의 물과 탄소의 순환을 이해하고 예측하기 위해서는 물과 탄소의 유역 내 이동 경로, 저류, 체류시간 및 상호작용에 대한 정보가 선행되어야 한다. 이와 관련하여 본 논문에서는 HydroKorea 및 CarboKorea 연구에서 사용하고 있는 연구 방법들과 현재까지의 주요 결과를 소개한다. 유역 내 다양한 수문순환 과정을 이해하기 위해 지하수위 변동, end-member mixing model, 교차상관 분석, 대기 기원의 천연방사성 동위원소를 이용하였다. 광릉 산림 유역에서는 지표유출의 기여도가 상대적으로 높았고, 강수량과 강수강도 및 패턴의 변화가 물의 유출경로와 체류 시간에 영향을 주었다. 특히, 몬순으로 인한 강수형태와 유역 내 수문과정의 변화가 탄소 순환에 영향을 미쳤는데, 지속적인 강우의 유입이 산림토양의 표층에 분포하는 고농도의 용존유기탄소의 유출을 증가시켰다. 본 연구를 통하여 시도된 수문순환과정에 대한 정량적인 규명은 기후 변화가 수자원 관리와 산림유역 탄소순환에 미치는 영향을 예측하기 위한 과학적 방법론을 확립하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2008

During the summer season, more than half of the annual precipitation in Korea occurs during the summer season due to the geographical location in the Asian monsoon belt. So, this causes severe soil erosion from croplands, which is directly linked to the deterioration of crop/land productivity and surface water quality. Therefore, much attention has been given to develop accurate estimation tools of soil erosion. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of using the empirical Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the physical-based model of the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) to quantify eroded amount of soil from agricultural fields. Input data files, including climate, soil, slope, and cropping management, were modified to fit into Korean conditions. Chuncheon (forest) and Jeonju (level-plain) were selected as two Korean cities with different topographic characteristics for model analysis. The results of this current study indicated that better soil erosion prediction can be achieved using the WEPP model since it has better power to illustrate a higher degree of spatial variability than USLE in topography, precipitation, soils, and crop management practices. These present findings are expected to contribute to the development of the environmental assessment program as well as the conservation of the agricultural environment in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a modular rainwater infiltration system that can be applied for general purposes in urban areas to prepare for localized heavy rain caused by climatic change. This study also analyzed the system's effects on reducing runoff. An analysis of the system's effects on reducing runoff based on rainfall data and monitoring data obtained between September 2012 and December 2013 after the system was installed showed that approximately 20~22% of the runoff overflowed from the infiltration facility. Also, an analysis of the runoff that occurred during the monsoon season showed that 25% of the runoff overflowed through the storm sewer system of the urban area. These results show that the rainwater overflows after infiltrating the detention facility installed in the area during high-intensity rainfall of 100mm or higher or when precipitation is 100mm for 3~4 days without the prior rainfall. According to precipitation forecasts, torrential rainfall is becoming increasingly prevalent in Korea which is increasing the risk of floods. Therefore, the standards for storm sewer systems should be raised when planning and redeveloping urban areas, and not only should centralized facilities including sewer systems and rainwater pump facilities be increased, but a comprehensive plan should also be established for the water cycle of urban areas. This study indicates that decentralized rainwater management can be effective in an urban area and also indicates that the extended application of rainwater infiltration systems can offer eco-friendly urban development.

• 대기
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.607-623
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• 2021

This study presents projections of future extreme climate over the Korean Peninsula (KP), using bias-corrected data from multiple regional climate model (RCM) simulations in CORDEX-EA Phase 2 project. In order to confirm difference according to degree of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, high GHG path of SSP5-8.5 and low GHG path of SSP1-2.6 scenario are used. Under SSP5-8.5 scenario, mean temperature and precipitation over KP are projected to increase by 6.38℃ and 20.56%, respectively, in 2081~2100 years compared to 1995~2014 years. Projected changes in extreme climate suggest that intensity indices of extreme temperatures would increase by 6.41℃ to 8.18℃ and precipitation by 24.75% to 33.74%, being bigger increase than their mean values. Both of frequency indices of the extreme climate and consecutive indices of extreme precipitation are also projected to increase. But the projected changes in extreme indices vary regionally. Under SSP1-2.6 scenario, the extreme climate indices would increase less than SSP5-8.5 scenario. In other words, temperature (precipitation) intensity indices would increase 2.63℃ to 3.12℃ (14.09% to 16.07%). And there is expected to be relationship between mean precipitation and warming, which mean precipitation would increase as warming with bigger relationship in northern KP (4.08% ℃^-1) than southern KP (3.53% ℃^-1) under SSP5-8.5 scenario. The projected relationship, however, is not significant for extreme precipitation. It seems because of complex characteristics of extreme precipitation from summer monsoon and typhoon over KP.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.373-387
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 CORDEX 동아시아 영역에서 경계조건(ERA-Interim, NCEP/DOE2) 및 적운모수화방안(Grell, Emanuel)이 2010년 7월에 공개된 지역기후모델(RegCM4)의 모의성능에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 1989년에 대해 총 4개의 민감도 실험(EG, EE, NG, NE)을 수행하였다. 남한에서의 기온, 강수에 대한 RegCM4의 모의성능을 분석하기 위해 기상청의 기온, 강수자료를 이용하였다. RegCM4는 경계조건 및 적운모수화방안에 관계없이 기온의 공간분포, 계절변동을 잘 모의한 반면, 모든 실험에서 강수의 시 공간 분포를 적절히 모의하지 못하였다. 특히, EG, NG, NE 실험은 여름 강수를 관측보다 현저히 적게 모의하는 등 강수의 계절변동을 전혀 모의하지 못하고 있다. 하지만 EE 실험에서는 여름 강수를 포함하여 계절변동을 상대적으로 잘 모의하였다. 동아시아 여름 몬순 및 강수강도별 강수량, 강수빈도 모의에서도 EE 실험이 우수한 모의성능을 보였다. RegCM4는 경계조건에 관계없이 기온, 강수 모두 여름보다는 겨울에, Grell 보다는 Emanuel 방안을 적용할 때 높은 모의성능을 보였다. 또한 전체적으로 모의성능은 경계조건보다는 적운모수화방안에 더 큰 영향을 받는다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.170-170
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• 2018

In some case studies, the heavy precipitation events and rapid cyclogenesis in the extratropics can be caused by moist and warm tropical air masses. Tropical Moisture Exports (TME) correspond to the meridional transport of moist air masses, primarily born in tropical oceanic areas, to higher latitudes; and are closely related to flood events, especially in the mid-latitudes. The TME for the region of interest is mostly estimated by the back tracking approach using Lagrangian Analysis Tools (LAGRANTO) from ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA) data. In this study, we aim to estimate the TME that are related to rainfall in Korea. The major moisture sources of the TME that contribute to heavy rainfall and extreme floods in Korea are identified. The TME is found to have significant connection with extreme events in Korea such as heavy rainfall and extreme flood events. The results show the most of the moisture sources comes from the west Pacific during the warm half of the year and it contributes significantly to the annual TME and is linked to the East Asian monsoon.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2010

To understand day-to-day fluctuations in soil moisture content in Seoul, I simulated daily soil moisture content from 1908 to 2009 using long-term climatic precipitation and temperature data collected at the Surface Synoptic Meteorological Station in Seoul for the last 98 years with a hydrological simulation model, BROOK. The output data set from the BROOK model allowed me to examine day-to-day fluctuations and the severity and duration of droughts in the Seoul area. Although the soil moisture content is highly dependent on the occurrence of precipitation, the pattern of changes in daily soil moisture content was clearly quite different from that of precipitation. Generally, there were several phases in the dynamics of daily soil moisture content. The period from mid-May to late June can be categorized as the initial period of decreasing soil moisture content. With the initiation of the monsoon season in late June, soil moisture content sharply increases until mid-July. From the termination of the rainy season in mid-July, daily soil moisture content decreases again. Highly stochastic events of typhoons from late June to October bring large amount of rain to the Korean peninsula, culminating in late August, and increase the soil moisture content again from late August to early September. From early September until early October, another sharp decrease in soil moisture content was observed. The period from early October to mid-May of the next year can be categorized as a recharging period when soil moisture content shows an increasing trend. It is interesting to note that no statistically significant increase in mean annual soil moisture content in Seoul, Korea was observed over the last 98 years. By simulating daily soil moisture content, I was also able to reconstruct drought phenomena to understand the severity and duration of droughts in Seoul area. During the period from 1908 to 2009, droughts in the years 1913, 1979, 1939, and 2006 were categorized as 'severe' and those in 1988 and 1982 were categorized as 'extreme'. This information provides ecologists with further potential to interpret natural phenomenon, including tree growth and the decline of tree species in Korea.

• 대기
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2017

It is imperative to understand the characteristics of atmospheric circulation patterns under the climate system due to its impact on climatic factors. Thus this study focused on analyzing the impact of the atmospheric circulation on the relationship between precipitation and temperature regionally. Here we used monthly gridded observational data (i.e., CRU-TS3.2, NOAA-20CR V2c) and HadGEM2-AO climate model by RCP8.5, for the period of 1960~1999 and 2060~2099. The experiment results indicated that the negative relationship was presented over East Asia and Europe during summer. On the other hand, at around Korea (i.e. EA1: $31^{\circ}N{\sim}38^{\circ}N$, $126^{\circ}E{\sim}140^{\circ}E$) and Northwestern Europe (i.e. EU1: $48^{\circ}N{\sim}55^{\circ}N$, $0^{\circ}E{\sim}16^{\circ}E$) in winter, strong positive relationship dominate due to warm moist advection come from ocean related to intensity variation of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. It was found that values of positive relation in EA1 and EU1 at the end of the 21st century is regionally greater than at the end of 20th century during winter since magnitude of variation of the EAWM and NAO is projected to be greater in the future as result of simulation with RCP 8.5. Future summer, the negative correlations are weakened in EA1 region while strengthened in EU1 region. For better understanding of correlations with respect to RCP scenarios, a further study is required.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.593-607
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• 2015

모산만 하구역 간석지 12개 주상시료의 22개 OSL 연대 자료와 1039개 대자율 자료를 활용해 통합 시계열 대 자율 자료를 구축한 후 동아시아 지역을 중심으로 홀로세 중후반의 환경 변화와 대비하였다. 대자율의 변화는 강수량 변화와 유의미한 관련성이 있었으며, 웨이블릿 변환을 통하여 250년의 주기성을 확인할 수 있었다. 250년의 주기성은 태양활동도, 대기-해양순환과 관련된 ENSO의 장주기와 연관이 있는 것으로 파악되며, 동아시아 여름 몬순, 여름철 강수 패턴의 변화, 엘니뇨 현상 등을 통해 설명될 수 있다. 대기-해양순환과 관련되어 증가하게 되는 강수량으로 인해, 하천유역에서 다량의 퇴적물이 침식 운반되어 하구역 간석지에 퇴적되어 대자율의 값을 높이는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2011

In this study, we compared light-absorption properties of aerosols observed in East and South Asia from black carbon (BC) mass concentration, aerosol scattering (${\sigma}_s$) and absorption (${\sigma}_a$) coefficients measurements at four sites: Korea Climate Observatory-Gosan (KCO-G), Korea Climate Observatory-Anmyeon (KCO-A), Maldives Climate Observatory-Hanimaadhoo (MCO-H) and Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P). No significant seasonal variations of BC mass concentration, ${\sigma}_s$ and ${\sigma}_a$, despite of wet removal of aerosols by precipitation in summer, were observed in East Asia, whereas dramatic changes of light-absorbing aerosol properties were observed in South Asia between dry and wet monsoon periods. Although BC mass concentration in East Asia is generally higher than that observed in South Asia, BC mass concentration at MCO-H during winter dry monsoon is similar to that of East Asia. The observed solar absorption efficiency (${\alpha}$) at 550 nm, where ${\alpha}={\sigma}_a/({\sigma}_s+{\sigma}_a)$, at KCO-G and KCO-A is higher than that in MCO-H due to large portions of BC emission from fossil fuel combustion. Interestingly, ${\alpha}$ at NCO-P is 0.14, which is two times great than that in MCO-H and is about 40% higher than that in East Asia, though BC mass concentration at NCO-P is the lowest among four sites. Consistently, the highest elemental carbon to sulphate ratio is found at NCO-P.