• 제목/요약/키워드: Monosaccharides

검색결과 165건 처리시간 0.028초

Aspergillus niger에 의한 ${\alpha}-Galactosidase$의 생산 및 효소적 특성 (Porduction and Enzymatic Characteristics of ${\alpha}-Galactosidase$ from Aspergillus niger)

  • 전향숙;이서래
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 1988
  • 대두(大豆)중에 존제하는 장내(腸內) 가스 발생인자인 raffinose와 stachyose의 제거에 이용될 수 있는 Aspergillus niger의 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase는 Czapeck-Dox 액체배지와 밀기울 배지에서 5일간 배양하였을 때 효소생성이 제일 높았다. Czapeck-Dox 액체배양에서 raffinose와 $NaNO_3$가 효소생산에 가장 효과적인 탄소원과 질소원으로 나타났으며 밀기울 배양에서는 질소원 또는 탄소원의 첨가효과가 없었다. 생성된 조효소(組酵素)용액의 작용 최적 pH는 4.0-5.0, 안정도 최적 pH는 3.5-6.5, 최적온도는 $40-50^{\circ}C$ 였다. 합성기질인 p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-D-galactoside에 대한 Michaelis상수는 0.42mM, 최대반응속도는 152${\mu}moles$ substrate/min/kg (고체배지)이었다. $HgCl_2$는 강력한 비경쟁 저해제로 작용하였고 p-chloromercuribenzoate는 낮은 농도에서 경쟁 저해제로 작용하였다. 조효소 용액은 raffinose와 stachyose를 완전 분해하여 단당류 만을 생성하였다.

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Agrocybe cylindracea로 부터 분리한 다당류의 정제와 특성 (Characteristics and Purification of Polysaccharide Produced from Agrocybe cylindracea)

  • 김선희;정인창;김소연;이종숙;조현제;이항우;이재성
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제27권2호통권89호
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 1999
  • Agrocybe cylindracea의 배양방법별 균사체 및 다당류 생산수율비교 실험에서는 모두 진탕배양이 효과적이었다. 다당류의 정제는 조단백다당류를 이용하여 DEAE-cellulose column에 의한 1차 정제를 행하였고, 최종으로 Sepharose 2B를 이용한 2차 정제를 실시하여 최종적으로 균사체내다당류(ACIPDG, ACIPAG)와 균사체외다당류(ACEPDG, ACEPAG)를 얻었다. ACEPDG는 총당 75.8%, ACEPAG는 총당 65.4%를 함유하였으며, ACIPDG는 총당 89.2%, ACIPAG는 총당 54.2%의 조성을 보였다. 다당류 분획물들의 분자량을 측정한 결과, 모두 10만이 넘는 거대분자로 ACEPDG 300KDa에서 ACIPAG 600KDa까지 나타났다. 다당류의 조성을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, ACEPDG분획물은 glucose, inositol이 검출되었으며 ACIPDG, ACEPAG, ACIPAG 분획물은 glucose, fructose, inositol이 검출되었다.

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팽나무 버섯의 항암(抗癌) 성분(成分)에 관한 연구(硏究)(제 1보)(第 1報) (Studies on Antitumor Components of Flammulina velutipes of Korea (I))

  • 우명식
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 1983
  • 한국산(韓國産) 담자균류(擔子菌類)의 항암(抗癌) 성분(成分)을 탐색하기 위하여, 팽나무버섯의 자실체(字實體)를 온수(溫水)로 추출한 후, visking tube로 투석 및 냉동건조하여 단백성 다당류를 분리하였다. 이 성분을 ICR마우스에 이식한 sarcoma 180에 대한 종양억제작용을 실험하였던 바, 10mg/kg/day 용량(用量)을 10일간 투여한 군(群)에서 그 종양억제율이 대조군에 비하여 62.3%이었다. 처치군의 10마리중 3마리에서 그 종양이 완전히 퇴행하였다. 이 항암성분을 분석하였던 바, 42.4%의 다당류와 24.5%의 단백질을 함유하고 있었다. 그 다당류를 가수분해하여 분석하여 본 바, glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose 및 fucose의 5종의 단당류를 검출하였다. 그 단백질을 가수분해하여 16종의 아미노산을 확인하였다.

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The Role of Fungal Laccase in Biodegradation of Lignin

  • Andrzej Leonowicz;Jolanta Luterek;Maria W.Wasilewska;Anna Matuszewska;M.Hofrichter;D.Ziegenhagen;Jerzy Rogalski;Cho, Nam-Seok
    • 펄프종이기술
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1999
  • Wood components, cellulose and lignin, are degraded simultaneously and the general outline for the complementary character of carbohydrates and lignin decomposition as well as the existence of enzymatic systems combining these processes is still valid. The degradatiion of free cellulose or hemicellulose into monosaccharides has long been known to be relatively simple, but the mechanism of lignin degradatiion wasn ot solved very clearly yet. Anyway the biodegradation of woold constituents is understood at present as an enzymatic process. Kigninolytic activity has been correlated with lignin and manganese peroxidases. At present the attention is paid to laccase. Laccase oxidizes lignin molecule to phenoxy radicals and quinones . This oxidation can lead to the cleavageo f C-C or C-O bonds in the lignin phenyl-propane subunits, resulting either in degradation of both side chains and aromatic rings, or in demethylation processes. The role of laccase lies in the "activation" of some low molecular weight mediators and radicals produced by fungal cultures. Such activated factors produced also in cooperation with other enzymes are probably exported to the wood environment where they work in degradation processes as the ' enzyme messengers." It is worth mentioning that only fungi possessing laccase show demethylating activity. Thus demethylation, the process important for ligninolysis, is probably caused exclusively by laccase. Under natural conditions laccase seems to work with other fungal enzymes , mediators and mediating radicals. It has shown the possibility of direct Bjrkman lignin depolymerization by cooperative activity of laccase and glucose oxidase.

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Escherichia coli Arabinose Isomerase and Staphylococcus aureus Tagatose-6-Phosphate Isomerase: Which is a Better Template for Directed Evolution of Non-Natural Substrate Isomerization?

  • Kim, Hye-Jung;Uhm, Tae-Guk;Kim, Seong-Bo;Kim, Pil
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.1018-1021
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    • 2010
  • Metallic and non-metallic isomerases can be used to produce commercially important monosaccharides. To determine which category of isomerase is more suitable as a template for directed evolution to improve enzymes for galactose isomerization, L-arabinose isomerase from Escherichia coli (ECAI; E.C. 5.3.1.4) and tagatose-6-phosphate isomerase from Staphylococcus aureus (SATI; E.C. 5.3.1.26) were chosen as models of a metallic and non-metallic isomerase, respectively. Random mutations were introduced into the genes encoding ECAI and SATI at the same rate, resulting in the generation of 515 mutants of each isomerase. The isomerization activity of each of the mutants toward a non-natural substrate (galactose) was then measured. With an average mutation rate of 0.2 mutations/kb, 47.5% of the mutated ECAIs showed an increase in activity compared with wild-type ECAI, and the remaining 52.5% showed a decrease in activity. Among the mutated SATIs, 58.6% showed an increase in activity, whereas 41.4% showed a decrease in activity. Mutant clones showing a significant change in relative activity were sequenced and specific increases in activity were measured. The maximum increase in activity achieved by mutation of ECAI was 130%, and that for SATI was 190%. Based on these results, the characteristics of the different isomerases are discussed in terms of their usefulness for directed evolution of non-natural substrate isomerization.

Lentinus edodes IY105 알칼리 추출물의 보체계활성 및 항종양효과 (Anticomplementary and Antitumor Activities of the Alkali Extract from the Mycelia of Lentinus edodes 1'11105)

  • 이준우;정천희;이권행;정훈
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.571-577
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    • 1990
  • 경기도 광릉에서 채집한 자실체로부터 분리한 Lentinus edodes IY105균을 배양하여 얻은 균사체를 알칼리로 추출하여 얻은 물질이 면역계와 sarcoma 180이 이식된 mouse에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. Lentinus edodes IY105 배양균사체의 알칼리 추출물은 항보체활성과 alternative complement hemolytic 활성을 가지고 있었고, carbon clearance 활성을 가지고 있었고, carbon clearance 활성을 나타내는 것으로 보아 mouse의 망내계에 존재하는 macrophage를 활성화시켜 이 물질에 대한 탐식기능을 증가시킴을 알수 있었다. 또한, 이물질은 mouse의 용혈반 형성 세포수를 증가시키는 것으로 보아 항체생산 자극효과가 있는 것으로 추측되었으며, 종양세포인 sarcoma 180이 이식된 mouse의 암을 50 정도 억제하는 효과를 나타내었다. 알칼리 추출물의 성분을 분석한 결과, 당 17, 단백질 42로 구성된 단백질다당체가 주성분으로 단백다당체는 16종의 아미노산과 52종류의 당으로 구성되어 있었다.

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Xylanase를 생산하는 Bacillus sp. AMX-4 균주의 분리와 효소 생산성 (Isolation and Enzyme Production of a Xylanase-producing Strain, Bacillus sp. AMX-4.)

  • 윤기홍;설숙자;조효찬;이미성;최준호;조기행
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 2002
  • 토양으로 부터 xylan 분해능이 우수한 Bacillus sp. AMX-4를 분리하고 동정하였는데 분리균의 화학조성은 B. subtilis와 유사성을 보였다. 분리균이 생산하는 xylanase는 50℃와 pH 6에서 최대활성을 보였다. 배지의 부가 탄소원을 첨가하여 Bacillus sp. AMX-4을 배양한 결과 xylose를 첨가한 배지에서 xylanase 생산성이 가장 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, xylose를 1.5%(w/v)가 되도록 첨가하였을 때 배양상등액의 xylanase 활성이 29.2 U/ml로 약 16배 정도 생산성이 증가하였다. Xylose를 첨가한 배지와 첨가하지 않은 배지에서 Bacillus sp. AMX-4를 배양하여 균의 성장과 효소 생산성을 비교한 결과 xylose를 첨가한 배지에서 효소 생산뿐만 아니라 분리균의 최대 성장정도도 증가한 것으로 보아 xylose는 균의 성장과 xylanase 생합성을 동시에 유도하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 xylanase는 균의 성장과 연계되어 생산되는 것으로 확인되었다.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bacterial Diversity Characterization of Korean Traditional Meju During Fermentation

  • Lee, Su Yun;Kim, Hyang Yeon;Lee, Sarah;Lee, Jung Min;Muthaiya, Maria John;Kim, Beom Seok;Oh, Ji Young;Song, Chi Kwang;Jeon, Eun Jung;Ryu, Hyung Seok;Lee, Choong Hwan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권11호
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    • pp.1523-1531
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    • 2012
  • The metabolite profile of meju during fermentation was analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques, including GC-MS and LC-MS, and the bacterial diversity was characterized. The relative proportions of bacterial strains indicated that lactic acid bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium and Leuconostoc lactis, were the dominant species. In partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), the componential changes, which depended on fermentation, proceeded gradually in both the GC-MS and LC-MS data sets. During fermentation, lactic acid, amino acids, monosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and isoflavonoid aglycones (daidzein and genistein) increased, whereas citric acid, glucosides, and disaccharides decreased. MS-based metabolite profiling and bacterial diversity characterization of meju demonstrated the changes in metabolites according to the fermentation period and provided a better understanding of the correlation between metabolites and bacterial diversity.

품종별 지황의 일반성분, 무기질 및 당 조성 (Proximate, Mineral and Sugar Composition of Rehmannia glutinosa by Cultivars)

  • 오혜림;김나연;이근종;양기현;도은수;송미란;박종윤;김미리
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 2012
  • Proximate composition, reducing sugar, and mineral content of several cultivars of Rehmannia glutinosa were analyzed. the moisture and soluble solid content of fresh Rehmannia glutinosa ('Korea', 'Kokang', 'Sewon 10', 'Sewon 11' and 'Jihwang 1') were 74.6~78.4% and $19.6{\sim}22.4^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Proximate composition of dried Rehmannia glutinosa ranged from 82.91~86.94% carbohydrate, 3.38~5.70% crude protein, 2.5~3.0% crude ash and 3.47~3.80% fiber. Sugar composition by HPLC/ELSD showed that sucrose (4.49~7.75 g/100 g), raffinose (2.96~4.78 g/100 g) and stachyose (42.36~45.87 g/100 g) were present, whereas monosaccharides were not detected in 5 cultivars of dried Rehmannia glutinosa. Mineral compositions of dried Rehmannia glutinosa by ICP-AES were Ca (639.9~782.0 ppm), Fe (128.5~634.9 ppm), Na (119~150 ppm), K (6,639.1~10,448.0 ppm), Mg (372.2~981.8 ppm) and Zn (8.8~474.2 ppm). However, Co and Mo were not detected. Among 5 cultivars of Rehmannia glutinosa, 'Kokang' and 'Sewon 10' contain higher amounts of Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Cu and Zn than the other cultivars.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fructooligosaccharides Using Levansucrase with a High Concentration of Sucrose

  • Seo Eun-Seong;Lee Jin-Ha;Choi Jae-Young;Seo Mi-Young;Lee Hee-Sun;Chang Seuk-Sang;Lee Hyung-Jong;Choi Jeong-Sik;Kim Doman
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.339-344
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    • 2004
  • A method for synthesizing branched fructo-oligosaccharides (BFOS) with a high concentration of sucrose ($1{\~}3$ M) was developed using levansucrase prepared from Leuconortoc mesenteroides B-1355C. The degree of polymerization of oligosaccharides synthesized according to the present method ranged from 2 to over 15. The synthesized BFOS were stable at a pH ranges of 2 to 4 under $120^{\circ}C$. The percentage of BFOS in the reaction digest was $95.7\%$ (excluding monosaccharides; $4.3\%$ was levan). BFOS reduced the insoluble glucan formation by Streptococcus sobrinus on the surfaces of glass vials or stainless steel wires in the presence of sucrose. They also reduced the growth and acid productions of S, sobrinus. Oligosaccharides can be used as sweeteners for foods such as beverages requiring thermo- and acid-stable properties and 3s potential inhibitors of dental caries.