• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2013

Advanced electronic application areas have strongly required new materials due to the continuous shrinking dimensions of their devices. Specially, the development and use of metal precursors for atomic layer deposition has been extensively focused on application to electronic devices. Thus the systematic design and synthesis of metal compounds with relevant chemical and physical properties, such as stability, volatility, and resistance to air and moisture are very important in the vacuum deposition fields. In many case, organic ligands for metal precursors are especially focused in the related research areas because the large scale synthesis of the metal complexes with excellent properties exclusively depends on the potential usefulness of the ligands. It is recommended for metal complexes to be in monomeric forms because mononuclear complexes generally show high vapor pressures comparing with their oligomeric structure such as dimer and trimer. Simple metal alkoxides complexes are involatile except several examples such as Ti(OiPr)4, Si(OEt)4, and Hf(OtBu)4. Thus the coordinated atom of alkoxide ligands should be crowded in its own environment with some substituents by prohibiting the coordinated atoms from bonding to another metal through oxygen-bridging configuration. Alkoxide ligands containing donor-functionalized group such as amino and alkoxy which can induce the increasing of the coordinative saturation of the metal complexes and the decreasing of the intermolecular interaction between or among the metal compounds. In this presentation, we will discuss the development of metal compounds which adopted donor-functionalized alkoxide ligands derived from their alcohols for electronic application. Some recent results on ALD using metal precursors such as tin, nickel, ruthenium, and tungsten developed in our group will be disclosed.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.244-246
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• 2007

20 개월령의 알라스칸 말라뮤트 견에서 특발성 다발성근염의 임상증상과 병리학적 소견을 서술하였다. 임상 증상은 급성 허약을 동반한 진행성 운동불내성, 근 위축, 후지의 동시적 걸음걸이, 계란 위를 발끝으로 걷듯 짧고 경직된 걸음 등을 보였다. 신체검사와 임상검사에서는 신경계나 골격계 그리고 다른 질병과 관련된 이차적인 근 질환의 증거가 없었다. 그래서 가장 근 위축이 심한 부위에서 병리조직 검사를 위한 근 생검을 실시하였다. 골격근의 병리검사 결과 근 섬유의 괴사와 함께 단핵세포의 침윤이 관찰되어, 특발성 다발성근염으로 진단하였다. 초기치료는 통증경감과 보조치료를 시작하여 프레드니손 2 mg/kg를 경구로 매일 투여하는 면역억제 요법을 시행하였다. 3주 후 환자는 혈액, 혈청학적 검사에서 정상으로 회복될 뿐만 아니라 걸음걸이, 식욕, 운동의 향상을 나타냈다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2017

Fucoidan increases the chemotactic activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) through interleukin (IL)-8 produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It has been demonstrated that fucoidan can regulate the chemotaxis of PMNs by activating F-actin polymerization. The objectives of this study are to investigate the direct effect of fucoidan on the chemotaxis of porcine PMNs and to examine whether this effect is associated with changes in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. The chemotactic activity of porcine PMNs was evaluated by modified Boyden chamber assay. Akt phosphorylation activity, a main downstream of PI3K, was measured by Western blotting assay. Fucoidan itself has no chemoattractant effect for PMNs. However, direct treatment of PMNs with fucoidan showed higher chemotactic activity to porcine recombinant (pr) IL-8 than that of PMNs without fucoidan. The increased chemotactic activity of fucoidan-treated PMNs to pr IL-8 was suppressed by treatment of wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3K. Treatment of PMNs with fucoidan also increased Akt phosphorylation level. This increase was also suppressed by wortmannin. These results suggested that fucoidan can upregulate chemotactic activity of porcine PMNs to IL-8, which is associated with PI3K activation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1983

The present study was carried out to observe the histopathological changes in the mammary gland of lactating rats and rabbits injected with dexamethasone. White rats were intramuscularly injected with 0.25mg, 0.5mg or 1.0mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (containing $9{\alpha}$-fluoro-$16{\alpha}$-methylprednisolone, 5.0mg/ml) daily for 3 to 10 days on the 3rd day after parturition and white rabbits were intramammary infused with 4mg or 20mg of dexamethasone daily for 4 days on 7th day after parturition. The histopathological changes of the mammary glands, ovaries and adrenal glands of rats and rabbits were observed with light microscope. In the mammary glands of rats, the microscopic findings encountered were decrease of the milk in the alveolar lumina, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells, atrophy of alveoli, proliferation of fibroblasts and thickness of alveolar walls, destruction of alveoli, presence of fat droplets within the glandular epithelial cells, infiltration of mononuclear cells and proliferation of adipose tissue, which were relative to the dose and duration of injection. Especially, in the cases of the administration of large doses or long duration, there were severe fibrosis and focal necrosis of glandular tissue. In the mammary glands of rabbits, the morphological changes were similar to those findings in the rats. The milk in the alveolar lumina was decreased gradually according to the dose and duration of injection, while milk fat concentration regarded to increase. In the histological findings of ovaries, necrosis of granulosa cellos, vacuolization and necrosis of luteal cells, atrophy and necrotic foci in the corpora lutes were observed. In the adrenal glands, hyperemia, hemorrhage, vacuolization of adrenal cortical cells, necrotic foci and atrophy of adrenal cortex were observed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of Sojagangki-tang on imuno-activity. the author performaed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells (RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers for humoral immune response, Carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) were measured in ICR mice. The results were summurized as follows: Delayed tape hypersensitivity was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Hemagglutinin titers were increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Hemolysin titers were increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Number of RFC was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Carbon clearance was increased with statistical significance in the administrated solid extract of Sojagangki-tang treated group as compared with the control group. Through in vivo experimental study in ICR mice Sojagangki-tang enhences the cell-mediated immmune response, the humoral immune respose. According to the above results, I think that Sojagangki-tang could be used for allergy asthma and lung damage patients.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.471-481
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• 1992

본 연구는 아민을 리간드로 갖는 산소가교 팔라듐 착화합물의 반응성에 관한 것이다. 이 경우에 합성한 산소 가교 팔라듐 착화합물은 산소원으로서 초과산화이온(${O_2}^-$)을 사용했다. 합성한 산소가교 팔라듐 착화합줄의 형태를 검토하기 위하여 벤젠 용매중에서 물, 메탄올, 아세트산과의 반응을 행하였다. 그 결과 산소가교 팔라듐 착화합물은 이들과 반응하여 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)를 발생하면서 각각 히드록시, 메톡시, 아세톡시가교 팔라듐 착화합물로 변환되었다. 또한 산소가교 팔라듐 착화합물은 치환 페놀류인 살리실알데히드, 8-히드록시퀴놀린 및 활성메틸렌 화합물인 아세틸아세톤, 디메틸말론산과 반응하여 과산화수소와 단핵 팔라듐 착화합물을 생성했다. 더욱 산소가교 팔라듐 착화합물은 아세톤과도 반응하여 아세토닐가교 팔라듐 착화합물과 과산화수소로 변환되었다. 이것은 착화합물 중의 배위산소가 과산화이온(${O_2}^{2-}$)이며, 강한 염기로서 작용하고 있음을 시사한다.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.662-674
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• 2018

Purpose: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. However, the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) on ILCs remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of ILC subsets in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in response to house dust mite (HDM)-specific immunotherapy. Methods: We enrolled 37 AR patients undergoing AIT (16 responders and 11 non-responders) for 2 years, 35 HDM AR patients and 28 healthy subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry to identify ILC subsets. Stimulation of ILC2s with recombinant allergen-specific protein was used to determine ILC2's activation (CD69 expression). Results: Responder AIT patients and healthy subjects had a decreased frequency of circulating ILC2s compared to non-responder AIT and AR patients. Conversely, ILC1s from responder AIT patients and healthy subjects showed increased frequency compared to non-responder AIT and AR patients. The frequency of ILC3s natural cytotoxicity receptor $(NCR)^+$ and $NCR^-$ in responder AIT patients was significantly lower compared to AR patients and healthy subjects. The ILC1: ILC2 proportion in responder AIT patients was similar to that of healthy subjects. PBMCs from patients who were responders to AIT had a significantly lower expression of the activation marker CD69 on ILC2s in response to allergen re-stimulation compared to AR patients, but no difference compared to non-responder AIT patients and healthy subjects. Conclusions: We propose that AIT might affect ILC responses. The activation of ILC2s was reduced in AR patients treated with AIT. Our results indicate that a relative ILC1/ILC2 skewed response is a possible key to successful AIT.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.969-972
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• 2000

[Fe II Fe III $BPLNP(OAc)_2](BPh_4)_2$ (1), a new model for the reduced form of the purple acid phosphatases, has been synthesized by using a dinucleating ligand, 2,6-bis[((2-pyridylmethyl)(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)ami-no)methyl]-4-nitrophenol (HBPLNP) . Complex 1 has been studied by electronic spectral, NMR, EPR, SQUID, and electrochemical methods. Complex 1 exhibits two strong bands at 498 nm $(\varepsilon=$ 2.6 ${\times}10^3M-^1cm-^1)$ and 1363 nm $(\varepsilon=$ 5.7 ${\times}10^2M-^1cm-^1)$ in $CH_3CN.$ These are assigned to phenolate-to-FeIII and intervalence charge-transfer transitions, respectively. NMR spectrum of complex 1 exhibits sharp isotropically shifted resonances, which number is half of those expected for a valence-trapped species, indicating that electron transfer between FeⅡ and FeⅢ centers is faster than NMR time scale at room temperature. Complex 1 undergoes quasireversible one-electron redox processes. The $FeIII_2/FeIIFeIII$ and $FeIIFeIII/FeII_2$ redox couples are at 0.807 and 0.167 V ver-sus SCE, respectively. It has Kcomp = 5.9 ${\times}$10 1s(acetato) ligand combination sta-bilizes a mixed-valence FeIIFeIII complex in the air. Interestingly, complex 1 exhibits intense EPR signals at g = 8.56, 5.45, 4.30 corresponding to mononuclear high-spin FeⅢ species, which suggest a very weak magnetic coupling between the iron centers. Magnetic susceptibility study shows that there is a very weak antiferromag-netic coupling (J = $-0.78cm-^1$, H = $-2JS_1${\times}$S_2)$ between FeII and FeIII centers. Thus, we can suggest that complex 1 has a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the iron centers due to the electronic effect of the nitro group in the bridging phenolate ligand.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2006

The pharmacological properties of ginseng are mainly attributed to ginsenosides, the active constituents that are found in the extracts of different species of ginseng. Lately; the studies on ginsenosides are mainly focused on IH-901, a major intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides. In this study; we examined the anti-diabetic activity of IH-901 in C57BU61 db/db mice model. IH-901 was administrated orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 5 weeks. During the experimental period, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. After 5 weeks, db/db mice were sacrificed and diabetic parameters were analyzed. IH-901 treated group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels (from 10.5 mM to 9.4 mM), insulin resistance index (from 163.6 to 100.2) and triglyceride levels (from 115.3 to 70.1) compared to the diabetic control. In Pancreatic islets morphology; IH-901 treated group revealed much less infltrated mononuclear cells, indicating that IH-901 recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage due to hyperglycemia. In addition, IH-901 upregulated expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and PPAR-${\gamma}$ in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, respectively. Taken together IH-901might be a potential anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2019

Vav1 is a Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Vav1 in osteoclast (OC) differentiation by comparing the ability of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) obtained from Vav1-deficient ($Vav1^{-/-}$) and wild-type (WT) mice to differentiate into mature OCs upon stimulation with macrophage colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand in vitro. Our results suggested that Vav1 deficiency promoted the differentiation of BMMCs into OCs, as indicated by the increased expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, and calcitonin receptor. Therefore, Vav1 may play a negative role in OC differentiation. This hypothesis was supported by the observation of more OCs in the femurs of $Vav1^{-/-}$ mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, the bone status of $Vav1^{-/-}$ mice was analyzed in situ and the femurs of $Vav1^{-/-}$ mice appeared abnormal, with poor bone density and fewer number of trabeculae. In addition, Vav1-deficient OCs showed stronger adhesion to vitronectin, an ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ integrin ligand important in bone resorption. Thus, Vav1 may inhibit OC differentiation and protect against bone resorption.