• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.151-171
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• 2018

Transmission tower-line systems are commonly slender and generally possess a small stiffness and low structural damping. They are prone to impulsive excitations induced by cable rupture and may experience strong vibration. Excessive deformation and vibration of a transmission tower-line system subjected to cable rupture may induce a local destruction and even failure event. A little work has yet been carried out to evaluate the performance of transmission tower-line systems in mountain areas subjected to cable rupture. In addition, the control for cable rupture induced vibration of a transmission tower-line system has not been systematically conducted. In this regard, the dynamic response analysis of a transmission tower-line system in mountain areas subjected to cable rupture is conducted. Furthermore, the feasibility of using viscous fluid dampers to suppress the cable rupture-induced vibration is also investigated. The three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of a transmission tower-line system is first established and the mathematical model of a mountain is developed to describe the equivalent scale and configuration of a mountain. The model of a tower-line-mountain system is developed by taking a real transmission tower-line system constructed in China as an example. The mechanical model for the dynamic interaction between the ground and transmission lines is proposed and the mechanical model of a viscous fluid damper is also presented. The equations of motion of the transmission tower-line system subjected to cable rupture without/with viscous fluid dampers are established. The field measurement is carried out to verify the analytical FE model and determine the damping ratios of the example transmission tower-line system. The dynamic analysis of the tower-line system is carried out to investigate structural performance under cable rupture and the validity of the proposed control approach based on viscous fluid dampers is examined. The made observations demonstrate that cable rupture may induce strong structural vibration and the implementation of viscous fluid dampers with optimal parameters can effectively suppress structural responses.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 1996

The ESR is one of the oldest laboratory test still in use. Although it lacks specificity in diagnosis, it can be effective for monitoring disease activity and following-up. The Westergren method is used for reference method, however coefficient of variation has been described 0.8% to 22.9% according to the literature. Since the ESR was invented in 1921, measurement technique has developed and automated measurement is introduced. We analyzed one hundred forty-three patient samples using $SEDIsystem^{TM}$ automated ESR measuring system and compared with modified Westergren and Wintrobe methods. Comparison between $SEDIsystem^{TM}$ and modified Westergren for ESR measurement yields the following regression equation; y = 0.863x - 1.69 (r=0.830), $SEDIsystem^{TM}$ and Wintrobe y = 1.14x - 14.7 (r=0.789), respectively. We repeated measurement to evaluate reliability, results are not significant in statistically. In conclusion, $SEDIsystem^{TM}$ automated ESR measurement correlated with modified Westergren and Wintrobe methods, reveal reliable results after 4 hours and can report rapidly for large samples. Thus, these results indicate that $SEDIsystem^{TM}$ automated ESR measurement may be useful tool for clinical practice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.204-211
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• 2020

This study investigates the 17 ordinances on the improvement of labor condition and status of social workers in the metropolitan city of Busan that has 16 administrative borough, or gu, and a central headquarter, and further verifies its implementation. Researchers identified the presence of 9 articles in each ordinances, followed by data request being made to all the administrative offices for their implementation. As a result, the articles on obligation, research on the actual condition, support plan and committee establishment have been excluded in many gus, which were in default of implementation or slower than ordinances stipulate. It is suggested that statements about the obligation of the head officers, preceding research on the actual condition before support plan and committee establishment should be made in the independent articles. Regarding its implementation, ordinances are required to have a regulatory power through penalty, reflect the actual demands of social workers in the field and go through a regular evaluation and monitoring on its implementation in order for purpose accomplishment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.466-475
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of infection control in long term care hospitals. Data were gathered from 156 long term care hospitals that received certification evaluation from May 1, 2016 to July 31, 2016. We used a questionnaire consisting of 85 items regarding the status and perceived importance of infection control. The data were analyzed using the SPSS / WIN 21.0 program. All of the hospitals have infection control regulations, 80.4% of them have an infection control committee and 86.0% of them employ an ICP(infection control practitioner) who holds this position in addition to another. Hand hygiene showed the highest score at 4.47 in the perceived importance of infection control. Employee education and compliance with the validity period of sterilized products showed the highest frequency and perceived importance among the infection control activities. The above results show that almost all of the long term care hospitals have infection control regulations, but that these regulations are not properly implemented, because of the lack of applicable regulations on the policy level. Therefore, it is necessary to develop infection monitoring standards and infection control guidelines for long term care hospitals and provide the infection control practitioners with training in how to apply them.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.644-653
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• 2018

Landslides occur frequently due to the effects of heavy rainfall and typhoons caused by climate change. Erosion control measures are needed to effectively prevent landslide damage. In order to improve their efficiency, it is necessary to quantitatively measure the sediment discharge from the mountain stream. In this study, a load cell sensor was installed in a mountain stream and the measured values were compared according to the applicability and load test type in the mountain stream. The result of the load test showed that the effect of the loading type (load test 1, 2) was low at average (loadings) of 0.4kgf and 0.6kgf at sites 1 and 2, respectively. The load factor was also derived by regression analysis to increase the accuracy of the measured values. According to the results of the load factor (normalized) to the load-cell measurement value, the output value increased by 14.8% and 24.6% in sites 1 and 2, respectively, and was calculated to be similar to the reference value. The load cell sensor enabled us to quantitatively estimate the amount of sediment discharge in the mountain stream through time series analysis with the water level and rainfall information. If the monitoring is carried out for a long time, it can be used to find the sediment discharge mechanism for the mountain stream. In addition, applying sensors such as load-cells to a mountain stream is expected to contribute to the development of related industries, such as the manufacturing of measurement sensors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1289-1295
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• 2000

Purpose : Recent evidence suggests a possible role for leukocytes in brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion. This study examined the temporal profile of ischemic tissue damage and leukocyte response after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) with reperfusion in the mouse. Methods : Focal cerebral ischemia was made by temporary occluding of the stem of the proximal MCA. Two groups of the mouse were investigated : (1) sham operation(n＝10), and (2)those having the arterial occlusion released after 90 minute(n＝20). By 4 hours(n＝10) and 24 hours(n＝10) after the onset of ischemia-reperfusion, fluorescein videoimages were under-taken in the pial venules of the mouse using a closed cranial window technique. Rhodamine 6G was administered as a $80-100{\mu}l/min$ i.v. loading dose and a $30-40{\mu}l/min$ i.v. maintenance dose in saline to selectively label circulating leukocytes. Neuropathologic evaluation for brain injury was accomplished using the histochemical stain 2,3,5-triphen-yltetrazolium chloride(TTC) and hematoxylin and eosin(H & E) stain. Results : The mean number of adherent leukocytes to cerebral venules in the 90 minutes MCAO and 24 hours reperfusion group were $306{\pm}24$ compared with $72{\pm}8$ in the sham operation group. In the TTC staining method, the cortical infarct affecting 34.8% of hemispheric volume were created in all of animals (n＝10) undergoing 90 minute MCAO with 24 hours reperfusion, but the infarcted area were not found in the other(sham operation and 90 minute MCAO with 4 hours reperfusion)groups. In the H & E stain, the brain tissue following 90 minute MCAO with 4 hours reperfusion revealed only a pyknosis of the nuclei with shrunken cytoplasm, but infiltrated leukocytes were not observed. After 24 hours of reperfusion, a many leukocytes were infiltrated within parenchyma and blood vessles. Conclusions : These findings demonstrate the feasiblity of continous in vivo monitoring of leukocyte adherence in cerebral venules and suggest that reperfusion induced leukocyte adherence to venular endothelium may contribute to tissue injury following focal cerebral ischemia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Recaller app was developed to help individuals record their food intakes. This pilot study evaluated the usability of this new food picture application (app), which operates on a smartphone with an embedded camera and Internet capability. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults aged 19 to 28 years (23 males and 22 females) were assigned to use the Recaller app on six designated, nonconsecutive days in order to capture an image of each meal and snack before and after eating. The images were automatically time-stamped and uploaded by the app to the Recaller website. A trained nutritionist administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview 1 day after food images were taken. Participants' opinions of the Recaller app and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the number of images taken was analyzed and multivariate Poisson regression used to model the factors determining the number of images sent. RESULTS: A total of 3,315 food images were uploaded throughout the study period. The median number of images taken per day was nine for males and 13 for females. The survey showed that the Recaller app was easy to use, and 50% of the participants would consider using the app daily. Predictors of a higher number of images were as follows: greater interval (hours) between the first and last food images sent, weekend, and female. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study provide valuable information for understanding the usability of the Recaller smartphone food picture app as well as other similarly designed apps. This study provides a model for assisting nutrition educators in their collection of food intake information by using tools available on smartphones. This innovative approach has the potential to improve recall of foods eaten and monitoring of dietary intake in nutritional studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9731-9737
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• 2014

Large scale secular registry or surveillance systems have been accumulating vast data that allow mathematical modeling of cancer incidence and mortality rates. Most contemporary models in this regard use time series and APC (age-period-cohort) methods and focus primarily on predicting or analyzing cancer epidemiology with little attention being paid to implications for designing cancer registry, surveillance or evaluation initiatives. This research models age-specific cancer incidence rates using logistic growth equations and explores their performance under different scenarios of data completeness in the hope of deriving clues for reshaping relevant data collection. The study used China Cancer Registry Report 2012 as the data source. It employed 3-parameter logistic growth equations and modeled the age-specific incidence rates of all and the top 10 cancers presented in the registry report. The study performed 3 types of modeling, namely full age-span by fitting, multiple 5-year-segment fitting and single-segment fitting. Measurement of model performance adopted adjusted goodness of fit that combines sum of squred residuals and relative errors. Both model simulation and performance evalation utilized self-developed algorithms programed using C# languade and MS Visual Studio 2008. For models built upon full age-span data, predicted age-specific cancer incidence rates fitted very well with observed values for most (except cervical and breast) cancers with estimated goodness of fit (Rs) being over 0.96. When a given cancer is concerned, the R valuae of the logistic growth model derived using observed data from urban residents was greater than or at least equal to that of the same model built on data from rural people. For models based on multiple-5-year-segment data, the Rs remained fairly high (over 0.89) until 3-fourths of the data segments were excluded. For models using a fixed length single-segment of observed data, the older the age covered by the corresponding data segment, the higher the resulting Rs. Logistic growth models describe age-specific incidence rates perfectly for most cancers and may be used to inform data collection for purposes of monitoring and analyzing cancer epidemic. Helped by appropriate logistic growth equations, the work vomume of contemporary data collection, e.g., cancer registry and surveilance systems, may be reduced substantially.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of farming methods on mass balance from paddy rice. The experiment fields were established at Chunpo-myeon, Iksan-si in the Saemangeum watershed. Experiment was performed during the growing season to assess water and mass balances of the study field in 2013. The three different farming practices were applied: conventional (TR-A), drainage outlet heighten (TR-B) and slow release fertilizer use (TR-C). Drainage amount from TR-B was reduced by 28.5 % compared to the TR-A, while the amount from TR-C was similar to that of TR-A. Overall, nutrient concentration of paddy water were similar among the treatments except for T-P. Mean T-P concentration from TR-C was lower than that from TR-A (p-value<0.05). As the results of mass balance, TR-B appeared to reduce nutrient surface loss, substantially by 30.9 % and 40.8 % for T-N and T-P an compared to TR-A. TR-C treatment also demonstrated nutrient load reduction by 38.2 % and 40.1 % for T-N and T-P. The study results showed that water and fertilizer treatments are effective in surface load reduction respectively from paddy fields, and, long-term monitoring and evaluation is needed to confirm the reduction.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Fungicide resistance study in Korea is still in its infancy, and most of those resistance studies are largely limited to newness of the detected resistant strains. In future, detection of fungicide-resistant strains has to be based on sensitivity distribution of pathogen populations to certain fungicides, and standard levels of certain fungicides for resistance should be determined under the basis of this data. Most of the early research on fungicide resistance in Korea has overlooked this point, and resulted in inconsistency and confusion for monitoring sensitivity shift of pathogen population among individual researchers. Fungicide resistance detected in vitro tests has to be documented in field trials by examining control efficacy against resistant and wild-type pathogen populations. Resistance detection in wife has to be correlated with lower activity in practice. Using this process, fungicide resistance will have a practical meaning. Fitness evaluation of resistant strains for survival is, in particular, of importance to determine the future stability of the resistance in the pathogen population. In fields, sensitivity change of pathogen populations should be carefully monitored with and without fungicide selection pressures to establish long-term management strategies against fungicide resistance. It is becoming an urgent task to provide information through research for designing and implementing successful counter-measures against fungicide resistance problems in Korea.