• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.41.2-42
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• 2020

Understanding how the filamentary structure plays a role in the formation of the prestellar cores and stars is a key issue to challenge. We have observed two prestellar cores in surrounding filamentary environments in 13CO, C180 (3-2) and HCO+ (4-3) molecular lines with the Heterodyne Array Receiver Program (HARP) of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), in order to search for the evidence related to the possible flow motions along the filament and/or the radial accretion (or infalling motions) of gas material toward the dense cores from their surrounding filamentary cloud. In L1544, the velocity gradient of 1.6 km s-1 pc-1 toward the core was measured in a small branch of filament lying on a radial direction of main filament while no velocity gradient along the main axis of filament in both 13CO and C18O lines. In L694-2, we found the velocity gradient of 0.6 km s-1 pc-1 along the filament in only 13CO lines. The projected accretion rate of ~6 M◉ Myr-1 was estimated in both cases. The infall (or radially contracting) velocity of gas material was measured ~0.16 km s-1 in both 13CO and HCO+ lines and in both L1544 and L694-2, which leads to estimate a mass infall rate of ~20 M◉ Myr-1. Our analysis suggests that our targets are at a stage where the gravitational contraction dominates the mass accretion through the surrounding filamentary cloud. This is consistent with the fact that our targets are highly evolved prestellar cores on a verge of star formation. More detailed results will be presented at the meeting.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.803-811
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutrition knowledge has been reported to have a weak positive effect on healthy eating behavior. This study aimed to determine if there was a difference in nutrition knowledge depending on the choice of science subject in high school and whether that affected the actual eating habits of college students in Japan. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 514 college students, the majority first-year students, in 3 cities in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted on elective subjects in science in high school, diet (11 items), lifestyle (5 items), and nutrition knowledge (34 questions). The preliminary survey was conducted on 47 students in the fall of 2019, and the full-scale survey was conducted in May-June and October-November 2021 at the end of lectures for the first-year students. RESULTS: The students in the high-score group (24-31 points, n = 180) had a higher intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.82; P = 0.015) and breakfast (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.03-2.60; P = 0.035), and a reduced intake of fast food (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.51; P < 0.001) than those in the low-score group (6-19 points, n = 150). Only the biology and chemistry students had significantly higher nutrition scores than the other groups (all: P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between the other groups. Understanding nutrition learned in elementary and junior high school is appropriate, while molecular structure, recommended amount, and food poisoning were insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of nutrition appears to have a positive effect on the actual eating habits of college students. Although biology and chemistry in high school may help students understand the foundations of good nutrition, specialized food education may be required to make informed dietary choices.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2023

Since 2015, countries in the Sahel region have implemented large-scale seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC). However, the mass use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine impacts the genetic diversity of malaria parasites and their sensitivity to antimalarials. This study aimed to describe and compare the genetic diversity and SP resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in Mali and Niger. We collected 400 blood samples in Mali and Niger from children aged 3-59 months suspected of malaria. Of them, 201 tested positive (Niger, 111, 55.2%; Mali, 90, 44.8%). Polymorphism of merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) genetic marker showed 201 allotypes. The frequency of the RO33 allotype was significantly higher in Niger (63.6%) than in Mali (39.3%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of the K1 and MAD20 allotypes between the 2 countries. The multiplicity of infection was 2 allotypes per patient in Mali and one allotype per patient in Niger. The prevalence of strains with the triple mutants Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H and Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps437G was 18.1% and 30.2%, respectively, and 7.7% carried the quadruple mutant Pfdhfr51I/Pfdhfr59R/Pfdhps436A/F/H/Pfdhps437G. Despite the significant genetic diversity of parasite populations, the level of SP resistance was comparable between Mali and Niger. The frequency of mutations conferring resistance to SP still allows its effective use in intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women and in SMC.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the pattern identification (PI) and clinical index of Parkinson's disease (PD) for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This prospective observational multi-center study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with PD from two Korean medicine hospitals. To cluster new subtypes of PD, items on a PI questionnaire (heat and cold, deficiency and excess, visceral PI) were evaluated along with pulse and tongue analysis. Gait analysis was performed and blood and feces molecular signature changes were assessed to explore biomarkers for new subtypes. In addition, unified PD rating scale II and III scores and the European quality of life 5-dimension questionnaire were assessed. Results: The clinical index obtained in this study analyzed the frequency statistics and hierarchical clustering analysis to classify new subtypes based on PI. Moreover, the biomarkers and current status of herbal medicine treatment were analyzed using the new subtypes. The results provide comprehensive data to investigate new subtypes and subtype-based biomarkers for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committees of the two Korean medicine hospitals. All amendments to the research protocol were submitted and approved. Conclusions: An objective and standardized diagnostic tool is needed for the personalized treatment of PD by traditional Korean medicine. Therefore, we developed a clinical index as the basis for the PI clinical evaluation of PD. Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT0008677)

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2007

시아노박테리아 같은 수중 미생물에 대한 2차대사물질에 대한 연구는 육상식물이나 미생물에 관련된 연구방법을 응용하고 있으며 아직까지 체계화 되어있지 않아 시아노박테리아를 보다 효율적으로 조사하기 위한 새로운 연구기술의 모색이 절실히 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 의학적인 관점에서 시아노박테리아를 조사하기 위한 유용한 접근 방법을 모색하였고 체계화시켰다. 균주마다 특성화된 최적 배양을 하였고 PCR 증폭을 이용한 분자생물학적인 방법과 HPLC를 통한 정성분석으로 의학적으로 의미있는 NPs를 생산하는 유망 균주를 선별하였다. 선별된 균주에서 나온 추출액은 SPE와 preparative HPLC를 거쳐 분리 정제되어지고, 정제된 물질들은 질량분석기에 의해 분자량과 구조가 결정되어 졌으며, 생활성 테스트에 의해서 그 생물학적인 활성을 정함으로써 의학적인 가능성이나 활용성에 대해서 고찰하였다. 이번 시험에서 98개의 실험균주 중 46개의 균주가 NRPS 또는 PKS 관련 gene을 함유하고 있었으나 HPLC를 이용한 정성분석에서 단지 5개의 균주가 상당히 의미있는 관련 단백질을 생산하고 있음이 알려졌다. 즉, 41 균주에서 관련 gene은 존재하였지만 그 발현이 미약하였고 또는 프로모터의 활성이 이루어지지 않았다. 이와같은 휴먼 gene의 활성화는 자외선 조사 또는 건조를 이용한 자극과 배양액의 성분 조절로 이루어질 수 있고 이를 통해 흥미있는 결과를 이끌어낼 수 있다(13, 14). 이번 연구에서는 HPLC를 통한 정성분석은 Biomass에 대해서 이루어졌다. 그러므로 배양액으로 유출되는 extracellular substances에 대한 분석은 행해지지 않았다. 시아노박테리아가 NRPS/PKS 관련 유전자를 함유하고 있을 때, 특히 biomass에서 NPs 이 검출되지 않을 경우 배양액 안에서의 존재 가능성 대해서 조사할 필요성이 요구되어진다. 시아노박테리아는 대표적인 photoautotroph 미생물로써 $CO_2$를 탄소성분과 에너지원으로 사용한다. 그러므로 E. coli 같은 미생물보다 배양시 경제적이고 또한 다른 종류의 미생물이 탄소영양분의 부족과 cyanobacterial NPs의 생물학적 환성에 의해서 공생하기 어려워 옥외배양을 통한 대량생산이 가능하다. 그러나, 생산되는 cyanobacterial NPs의 높은 구조적 안정성까지 포함하여 시아노박테리아는 미래의학산업의 중요한 천연소스임에 틀림이 없지만 개체 분화의 시간이 4$\sim$10시간 정도로 다른 미생물에 비해 길고 배양시 광원의 필요성 등 한계 요소를 지니고 있다(15). 그러므로 최근에는 개체 분화가 빠른 시아노박테리아나 또는 다른 미생물에 대해서 cyanobacterial NRPS/PKS gene의 heterologous expression 이 연구되어지고 있다(16).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2017

작물 재배에서 빈번히 발생되는 철분 부족 현상은 식물의 생육 저하와 생산성 감소를 야기한다. 철분의 흡수는 철분 킬레이트제를 이용해서 높일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제철산업의 부산물인 산세수 유래의 2가 철 이온을 게껍질(CSP)에 킬레이트시킨 신기능성 철분 비료(FCSP)를 제작하고, 상추 재배에 적용하여 생육 촉진 효과를 분석하였다. 제조한 철 비료의 효과를 검증하기 위해, 연구실 내 소규모 시험에서 무처리구, 게껍질 처리구, 그리고 여러 농도의 Fe-게껍질 킬레이트 처리구에서 상추의 생장을 분석한 결과, 50 ppm Fe-게껍질 킬레이트 처리구에서 엽수, 엽중, 엽장 및 엽폭이 무처리구와 게껍질 처리구에 비해 증가하였으며, 상추 잎의 엽록소의 함량 또한 증가하였다. 포장 시험 역시 50 ppm Fe-게껍질 킬레이트 처리구에서 엽수, 엽중, 엽장 및 엽폭에서 화학비료와 퇴비를 혼합한 기존 재배 방식 처리구에 비해 최대 2배 이상의 증가를 보였고, 식물체내 Fe의 함량 또한 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 철 이온을 게껍질에 킬레이트한 비료의 처리가 토양 내의 Fe와 Ca의 함량을 증가시켰으며 유효인산과 유기물의 함량 또한 증가시켜 토질을 개선시키는 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합할 때, Fe-게껍질 킬레이트 복합체는 기존의 비료 처리 방식인 화학비료와 퇴비 사용 보다 뛰어난 생육 증대 효과와 토질 개선 효과를 나타냄으로써 작물 재배에 있어서 효과적인 신기능성 철분 소재로서 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2009

지난 수 년간 본 연구팀은 새로운 티탄염 응집제를 이용하여 폐수를 응집한 후 생산된 슬러지에서 산화티탄을 생산하는 연구를 진행하였다. 티탄염의 응집 효율은 일반적으로 많이 사용되는 철염과 알루미늄염 응집제와 비슷하였으며 슬러지를 소성하여 제조한 산화티탄은 상용 산화티탄보다 더 넓은 표면적과 높은 광촉매 활성을 나타내었다. 산화티탄의 광촉매 활성 향상과 pH를 높이기 위해 응집보조제로서 철, 알루미늄, 칼슘을 사용하여 광촉매 활성이 높은 Fe, Al, Ca 도핑 산화티탄을 제조하였다. 이 기술의 실제 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 염색폐수 파일럿 장치에 적용한 결과, 우수한 유기물 제거 능력과 빠른 응집체 형성이 확인되었다. 염색폐수 슬러지에서 제조한 산화티탄은 높은 유기물 제거 광촉매 활성과 물 광분해에 의해 수소를 생성하였다. 티탄염 응집제와 슬러지에서 제조한 산화티탄의 독성을 D. magna로 조사한 결과, 낮은 독성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 총설은 미래의 슬러지 재활용 기술로 높은 적용 가능성을 가지는 티탄염으로 제조한 산화티탄의 특성을 체계적으로 정리하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1988

Attempts of these studies were made to investigate the nonspecific congenital focal accumulation of ectodermal glial cells in the brain of normal piglets. The brain samples were taken from 1-,10-,20-,35-,45- and 70-day-old piglets from a SPF-pig farm and three model pig farms. Occurrences of neuroglial cell foci (NCF) on the brain were observed with light microscope. Appearance degrees of the congenital NCF on 10 to 16 cross section slides per a piglets brain were tentatively designed on a scale from degree+ to ⧻by NCF number: +, less than 20 of NCF number; ⧺, 21-40 of NCF number: ⧻, more than 41 of NCF number. The results obtained were as follows: 1. NCF in the brain were observed mainly on the cerebrum. Regions of higher frequencies on the cerebrum were ordered as subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles, peripheral regions of lateral ventricles in the white matter and some neuron layers under the molecular layer of the gray matter. But NCF were not observed in the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cords. 2. On the subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles, NCF were observed in 100% of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was observed in 10 piglets(37.0%), ⧺ in 10 piglets(37.0%) and + in 7 Piglets(26.0%) of 27 piglets, respectively. 3. On the white matter of the cerebrum, NCF were observed in 25 piglets(92.6%) of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was observed in 3 piglets(11.1%), ⧺ in 13 piglets(48.2%), + in 9 piglets(33.3%) and - in 2 piglets(7.4%) of 27 piglets, respectively. 4. On the gray matter of the cerebrum, NCF were observed in 21 piglets(77.8%) of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was not observed, appearance degree of ⧺ was observed in 6 piglets(22.2%), + in 15 Piglets(55.6%) and - in 6 piglets(22.2%) of 27 Piglets, respectively. 5. NCF tended to be converged appearance on some regions and tended to be decreased markedly from 35th day after birth, and the shapes of NCF were: global or oval forms crowded by analogous shaped and stained cells in the empty spaces of the brain substrate or on one side of the blood vessels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5339-5343
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• 2012

The induction of apoptosis in target cells is a key mechanism for most anti-tumor therapies. Bufalin is a cardiotonic steroid that has the potential to induce differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells. Research on bufalin has so far mainly involved leukemia, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and has been confined to in vitro studies. The bufadienolides bufalin and cinobufagin have been shown to induce apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cell. The present article reviews the anticancer effects of bufalin. It induces apoptosis of lung cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt pathway and also suppressed the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner. Bufalin, bufotalin and gamabufotalin, key bufadienolides, significantly sensitize human breast cancer cells with differing ER-alpha status to apoptosis induction by the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, bufadienolides induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis more significantly than that in breast epithelial cell lines. Similar effects have been observed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but the detailed molecular mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in this case are still unclear. Bufalin exerts profound effects on leukemia therapy in vitro. Results of multiple studies indicate that bufalin has marked anti-tumor activities through its ability to induce apoptosis. Large-scale randomized, double-blind, placebo or positive drug parallel controlled studies are now required to confirm the efficacy and apoptosis-inducing potential of bufalin in various cancers in the cliniucal setting.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.13-13
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• 2014

Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) in Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 17 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has been increased through out the world last decade years. Production of mushrooms has also been increased 10-20% and many varieties have been cultivated. Similar trends were also observed in Korea. Approximately two hundred commercial strains of 37 species in mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. Somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom 'Wonhyeong-neutari' were developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to grower in 1989. The fruiting body yield index of somatic hybrids of Pleurotus ranged between 27 and 155 compared to parental values of 100 and 138. In addition, more diverse mushroom varieties such as Phellinus baumi, Auricularia spp., Pleurotus ferulae, Hericium erinaceus, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, Agrocybe aegerita and Pleurotus cornucopiae have been attempted to cultivate in small scale cultivation. Production of mushrooms as food was 190,111 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if include mushroom factory products; 1dollar = 1,040 Won) in 2011. Major cultivated species are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which cover 90% of total production. Since mushroom export was initiated from 1960 to 1980, the export and import of mushrooms have been increased in Korea. Technology developed for liquid spawn production and automatic cultivation systems lead to the reduction of the production cost resulting in the increasement of mushroom export. However some species were imported because of high production cost for these mushrooms requiring the effective cultivation methods. Developing of effective post-harvest system will be also directly related to mushroom export. In academic area, RDA scientists have been conducting mushroom genome projects. One of the main results is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. An electrophoretic karyotype of of F. velutipes was obtained using CHEF with 7 chromosomes, with a total genome size of approximately 26.7 Mb. The mususcript of the genome of F. velutipes was published in PLOS ONE this year. For medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting the genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods using this mushroom. In 2013, Korea Food and Drug Administraion (KFDA) approved Cordyceps mushroom for its value as an immune booster.