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Preparation and Characterisation of Titanium Dioxide Produced from Ti-salt Flocculated Sludge in Water Treatment  

Shon, Hokyong (Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology)
Okour, Yousef (Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology)
Saliby, Ibrahim El (Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology)
Park, Jun (School of Applied Chemical Engineering & The Research Institute for Catalysis, Chonnam National University)
Cho, Dong-Lyun (School of Applied Chemical Engineering & The Research Institute for Catalysis, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Jong Beom (School of Applied Chemical Engineering & The Research Institute for Catalysis, Chonnam National University,Photo & Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.)
Park, Hee Ju (Photo & Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.)
Kim, Jong-Ho (School of Applied Chemical Engineering & The Research Institute for Catalysis, Chonnam National University,Photo & Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.)
Publication Information
Applied Chemistry for Engineering / v.20, no.3, 2009 , pp. 241-250 More about this Journal
Abstract
During the past few years, titanium salts were investigated as alternative coagulants for the removal of organic matter of different molecular sizes in contaminated water. The flocculation efficiency of Ti-salt was comparable to those of $FeCl_3$ and $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ salts, commonly used coagulants. Incinerated sludge-$TiO_2$ showed higher surface area and photocatalytic activity than commercially available $TiO_2$. Metal-doped forms were produced by adding coagulant aids such as iron (Fe-), aluminium (Al-) and (Ca-) calcium salts during Ti-salt flocculation to increase pH. Ca- and Al- doped $TiO_2$ showed very high photocatalytic activity compared to Fe-doped $TiO_2$. When tested in a pilot scale plant for treatment of dye wastewater to check practical feasibility of the novel process, the removal ratio of the chemical oxygen demand was comparable to those of commonly used coagulants but the settling of sludge was faster. The $TiO_2$ generated after sludge incineration showed a high photocatalytic activity for degradation of volatile organic compounds and increased the rate of hydrogen production by water photosplitting. $TiCl_4$ coagulant and $TiO_2$ produced from different water sources with different concentrations had low acute toxicity compared to heavy metals and commercial $TiO_2$ when examined based on D. Magna mortality. This paper presents the production, characterisation and the photoactivity of $TiO_2$ produced from Ti-salt flocculated sludge. Different case studies are discussed to highlighted recent advances in this field.
Keywords
flocculation; titanium salts; flocculated sludge; incineration; $TiO_2$; photocatalysis; hydrogen production;
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