• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2018

The cysts of Sarcocystis grueneri were detected and characterized from the cardiac muscles of the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Of the 38 heart muscle samples examined by light microscopy, 10 were found infected with the cysts of Sarcocystis sp. The cysts appeared oval to spherical shape and measured $110-380{\mu}m$ in length and $90-170{\mu}m$ in width. A phylogenetic tree of the 18S rRNA sequences (1.5 kb) revealed a close relationship of the infected cysts to genus Sarcocystis. The 18S rRNA sequence of the infected cysts showed 100% identity to S. grueneri and 97% to S. capracanis. Here, we first report the S. grueneri infections in the Korean water deer.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.21 no.2 s.34
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• pp.147-161
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• 2005

To elucidate the phylogenetic relation of the superfamily Veneroidea, we obtained partial 28S rRNA sequences of 14 heterodonts and three pteriomorphs which were collected from Korea and the sequence data of related taxa from GenBank, and analyzed maximum parsimony with PAUP program 750 of the nucleotide positions were variable, 560 of which were informative under conditions of parsimony. Total tree length was 2,765, and consistency index, homoplasy index (HI), and Retention index was 0.4843, 0.5157, and 0.6291, respectively. Intraspecific variation of 28 rRNA of Corbicula fluminea and Sinonovacula constricta was 3.1% and 1.3%, respectively. Pitarinae-Cyclininae-Meretrinae group had a clade and Samaranginae, Chioninae, and Dorsininae were clustered.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1999

The complete sequences of mtDNA control regions of six salmonines were determined: 1089 bp in lenok (Brachymystax lenok); 999 bp in cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou) and Ishikawa's cherry salmon (O. masou ishikauiae); 1002 bp in chum salmon (O. keta), and 1003 bp in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) and an albino mutant of rainbow trout. The estimated interspecific sequence divergences from PCR/direct sequencing data ranged from 5.42% to 16.49%. The organization of this region is similar to that of other vertebrates. A 81 bp tandemly repeated sequence, associated with length variation was observed in the 3' end of the salmonids control region in this study. In addition, The phylogenetic tree based on the control region sequences supported that cherry salmon was closer to chum salmon than to rainbow trout, while lenok was most distantly related species among six salmonines.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify lily species native to Korea from formosan lily (Lilium formosanum) belonging to Longiflorum section. Due to flowering time, flower color and orientation, long shelf life and resistant to diseases, the native lily species can be valuable genetic resources for interspecific hybrids. One of the chloroplast genes, matK, was used to clone and sequence to explore any base changes. The matK was successfully amplified into 1,539 bp (94% of the gene) and phylogenetic tree demonstrated 6 clades for those 11 lily species used in this study. There were one or two base substitutions among 10 lilies native to Korea, while formosan lily native to Taiwan exhibited 6 base substitutions in matK gene, rendering it genetically distant. A restriction enzyme NruI recognized one of the six base changes, and digested the matK gene of 10 native lily species only, but not in formosan lily. The confirmed cleavage characteristic of the target region in matK gene was designed into a CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences) marker which will be available to estimate compatibility of interspecific hybridization and to trace the pedigree when those native lilies are crossed with the formosan lily.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.307-312
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• 2003

To study the diversity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from intestine of starfish, Asterias amurensis, we collected starfishes from the coastal area near Jangheung-Gun, Jeollanam-Do, Korea during July, 2000. Population density and bacterial diversity in the intestine of starfish were measured. The results were as follows; The population densities of heterotrophic bacteria in the intestine of starfish were 8.65${\pm}$0.65${\times}10^3\;dfu\;g^{-1}$. Gram positive bacteria occupied 59% among 29 isolates. The community structure of dominant heterotrophic bacteria in the intestine of starfish consisted of Bacillaceae in the low G+C gram positive bacteria subphylum, Microbacteriaceae in the high G+C gram positive bacteria subphylum, and Alteromonadaceae in ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria subphylum. Among eight strains of Bacillus spp., three strains showed more than 97% identity, but five strains showed about 90% identity with type strain on the basis of partial 16S rDNA sequence.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2006

The mammalian trematode Paragonimus westermani is a typical digenetic parasite, which can cause paragonimiasis in humans. Host tissues and blood cells are important sources of nutrients for development, growth and reproduction of P. westermani. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding a 47 kDa hemoglobinase of P. westermani was characterized by sequencing analysis, and its localization was investigated immunohistochemically. The phylogenetic tree prepared based on the hemoglobinase gene showed high homology with hemoglobinases of Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma spp. Moreover, recombinant P. westermani hemoglobinase degradaded human hemoglobin at acidic pH (from 3.0 to 5.5) and its activity was almost completely inhibited by E-64, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that P. westermani hemoglobinase was localized in the epithelium of the adult worm intestine implying that the protein has a specific function. These observations suggest that hemoglobinase may act as a digestive enzyme for acquisition of nutrients from host hemoglobin. Further investigations may provide insights into hemoglobin catabolism in P. westermani.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1774-1783
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• 2015

Milk lysozyme is the ubiquitous enzyme in milk of mammals. In this study, the cDNA sequence of a new chicken-type (c-type) milk lysozyme gene (YML), was cloned from yak mammary gland tissue. A 444 bp open reading frames, which encodes 148 amino acids (16.54 kDa) with a signal peptide of 18 amino acids, was sequenced. Further analysis indicated that the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences identities between yak and cow milk lysozyme were 89.04% and 80.41%, respectively. Recombinant yak milk lysozyme (rYML) was produced by Escherichia coli BL21 and Pichia pastoris X33. The highest lysozyme activity was detected for heterologous protein rYML5 (M = 1,864.24 U/mg, SD = 25.75) which was expressed in P. pastoris with expression vector $pPICZ{\alpha}A$ and it clearly inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Result of the YML gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the YML gene was up-regulated to maximum at 30 day postpartum, that is, comparatively high YML can be found in initial milk production. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the amino acid sequence was similar to cow kidney lysozyme, which implied that the YML may have diverged from a different ancestor gene such as cow mammary glands. In our study, we suggest that YML be a new c-type lysozyme expressed in yak mammary glands that plays a role as host immunity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.740-745
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• 2006

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of four taxa of Castor-aralia (Kalopanax pictus): K. pictus, K. pictus var. magnificus, K. pictus var. maximowiczii, and thornless K. pictus. The 11 primers were produced 64 reproducible ISSR bands. Analysis of ISSR from individual plants of Korean K. pictus resulted in 41 polymorphic bands with 64.1%. When species were grouped by four taxa, within group diversity was 0.115 $(H_S)$, while among group diversity was 0.467 $(G_{ST})$ on a per locus basis. The estimated gene flow (Nm) for K. pictus var. maximowiczii and K. pictus var. magnificus were very higher than K. pictus. It is suggested that the isolation of geographical distance and reproductive isolation among K. pictus populations may have played roles in shaping the population structure of this species. In phenetic tree, ISSR markers are very effective in classifying natural populations as well as taxon levels of genus Kalopanax in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.235-241
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• 2008

Taeniasis has been known as one of the prevalent parasitic infections in Korea. Until recently, Taenia saginata had long been considered a dominant, and widely distributed species but epidemiological profiles of human Taenia species in Korea still remain unclear. In order to better understand distribution patterns of human Taenia tapeworms in Korea, partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) were determined, along with morphological examinations, on 68 Taenia specimens obtained from university museum collections deposited since 1935. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-preserved specimens. Phylogenetic relationships among the genotypes (cox1 haplotype) detected in this study were inferred using the neighbor-joining method as a tree building method. Morphological and genetic analyses identified 3 specimens as T. solium, 51 specimens as T. asiatica, and 14 specimens as T. saginata. Our results indicate that all 3 Taenia tapeworms are sympatrically distributed in Korea with T. asiatica dominating over T. saginata and T. solium.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2015

The diversity of endobacteria in the edible part (cap and stipe) king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was investigated using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The bacterial 16S rRNA libraries were constructed from the body cap (BC) and the body stipe (BS) of the king oyster mushroom. The twenty sequenced BC clones were divided into four groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Firmicutes (40% of clones). While, the twenty sequenced BS clones could be divided into six groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Actinobacteria (40% of clones). The predominant bacterial family from both the cap and stipe of the mushroom was corresponded with the Gram positive bacteria (62.5%).