• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

In the present study, the author tried to investigate whether four oriental medical prescriptions named, jawan-chihyosan (CHS), gwaru-jisiltang (GJT), and several single compounds, kaempferol, coumarin, betaine and ursolic acid significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of CHS, GJT, kaempferol, coumarin, betaine and ursolic acid, respectively, to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Additionally, total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample (CHS and GJT) through Sepharose CL-4B column were analysed and effect of CHS and GJT on MUC5AC mRNA expression in cultured HTSE cells were investigated. The results were as follows : (1) CHS and GJT significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity , (2) CHS and GJT chiefly stimulated the 'mucin' release and did not affect significantly the release of the other releasable glycoproteins with less molecular weight than mucin. This result suggests that the three herbal prescriptions specifically stimulate the release of mucin ; (3) CHS and GJT significantly increased the expression levels of MUC 5AC mRNA. This result suggests that the three herbal prescriptions can affect the synthesis of mucin at gene level in cultured HTSE cells ; (4) Kaempferol and coumarin did not affect mucin release, however, betaine and ursolic acid stimulated mucin release. All the agents did not show significant cytotoxicity. We suggest that the effects of CHS and GJT, betaine and ursolic acid should be further investigated and it is of great value to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which have the effective expectorant or mucoregulative effect on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.14-40
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• 2002

15-Deoxy- Δ$\^$12,14/-prostaglandin J$_2$ (15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$), a naturally occurring ligand activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$). Activation of PPAR-y has been found to induce cell differentiation such as adipose cell and macrophage. Here it was investigated whether 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ has neuronal cell differentiation and possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Dopaminergic differentiating PC 12 cells treated with 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ (0.2 to 1.6 ${\mu}$M) alone showed measurable neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, markers of cell differentiation. However much greater extent of neurite extension and expression of neurofilament was observed in the presence of NGF (50 ng/$m\ell$). In parallel with its increasing effect on the neurite extension and expression of neurofilament, 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ enhanced NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase expression and its phosphorylation in addition to the activation of transcription factor AP-1 in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment of SD 203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase inhibited the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ (0.8 ${\mu}$M) on NGF-induced neurite extension. This inhibition correlated well with the ability of SB203580 to inhibit the enhancing effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the expression of p38 MAP kinase and activation of AP-1. The promoting ability of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ did not occur through PPAR-${\gamma}$, as synthetic PPAR-${\gamma}$ agonist and antagonist did not change the neurite promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$. In addition, contrast to other cells (embryonic midbrain and SK-N-MC cells), PPAR-${\gamma}$ was not expressed in PC-12 cells. Other structure related prostaglandins, PGD$_2$ and PGE$_2$ acting via a cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) did not increase basal or NGF-induced neurite extension. Moreover, GPCR (EP and DP receptor) antagonists did not alter the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on neurite extension and activation of p38 MAP kinase, suggesting that the promoting effect of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ may not be mediated GPCR. These data demonstrate that activation of p38 MAP kinase in conjunction with AP-1 signal pathway may be important in the promoting activity of 15-deoxy-PGJ$_2$ on the differentiation of PC12 cells.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권2호통권103호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2003

부영양화 현상을 나타내는 석촌호수와 팔당호의 표층수와 저니로부터 178개의 균주를 분리한 후, Anabaena cylindrica lawn 상에서 plaque를 형성하는 9개의 균주를 선별하였으며 이들 중에서 남조류 생장 억제 능력이 가장 우수한 AK-07를 선발하였다. AK-07의 특성과 16S rDNA의 염기 서열 분석을 기초로 하여 유연관계를 조사한 결과, 형태적, 생리적 생화학적 특징들은 Acinetobacter속의 특성들과 유사하였으며, 165 rDNA의 염기 서열 분석한 결과는 Acinetobacter johnsonii와 99.5%의 유사성을 나타내어, Acinetobacter johnsonii AK-07로 명명하였다. 남조류 분해 특성을 조사하기 위해서, AK-07를 A. cylindrica와 혼합 배양시 접종 2일 후에 남조류의 분해가 관찰되었고, 접종 10일 후에는 남조류가 완전히 사멸하였으며, AK-07의 세포 수는 $8\;{\times}\;10^8\;cfu\;ml^{-1}$까지 증가하였다. 그러나 배양 상등액을 A. cylindrica와 혼합 배양 하였을 때에는 남조류의 분해는 관찰 되지 않았다. 따라서 AK-07는 남조류를 직접 접촉하여 분해하는 것으로 사료되어, AK-07에 세포에 존재하는 효소의 활성을 조사한 결과 Pretense와 glycanases중에서 ${\beta}$-Xylosidase의 활성이 가장 높았으며, Alginase, Laminarinase, Lipase, ${\beta}$-Galactosidase 및 ${\beta}$-Glucosidase의 활성도 높은 수준으로 관찰되었다. A. johnsonii AK-07은 A. cylindrica의 polysaccharides나 peptidoglycans를 monosaccharides이나 저분자 유기물로 분해하는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 1981

(1) The flow data of f (stress) and ${\dot{s}$ (strain rate) for Fe and Ti alloys were plotted in the form of f vs. -ln ${\dot{s}$ by using the literature values. (2) The plot showed two distinct patterns A and B; Pattern A is a straight line with a negative slope, and Pattern B is a curve of concave upward. (3) According to Kim and Ree's generalized theory of plastic deformation, pattern A & B belong to Case 1 and 2, respectively; in Case 1, only one kind of flow units acts in the deformation, and in Case 2, two kinds flow units act, and stress is expressed by $f={X_1f_1}+{X_2f_2}$where $f_1\;and\;f_2$ are the stresses acting on the flow units of kind 1 and 2, respectively, and $X_1,\;X_2$ are the fractions of the surface area occupied by the two kinds of flow units; $f_j=(1/{\alpha}_j) sinh^{-1}\;{\beta}_j{{\dot{s}}\;(j=1\;or\;2)$, where $1/{\alpha}_j\;and\;{\beta}_j$ are proportional to the shear modulus and relaxation time, respectively. (4) We found that grain-boundary flow units only act in the deformation of Fe and Ti alloys whereas dislocation flow units do not show any appreciable contribution. (5) The deformations of Fe and Ti alloys belong generally to pattern A (Case 1) and B (Case 2), respectively. (6) By applying the equations, f=$(1/{\alpha}_{g1}) sinh^-1({\beta}_{g1}{\dot{s}}$) and $f=(X_{g1}/{\alpha}_{g1})sinh^{-1}({\beta}_{g1}{\dot{s}})+ (X_{g2}/{\alpha}_{g2})\;shih^{-1}({\beta}_{g2}{\dot{s}})$ to the flow data of Fe and Ti alloys, the parametric values of $x_{gj}/{\alpha}_{gj}\;and\;{\beta}_{gs}(j=1\;or\;2)$ were determined, here the subscript g signifies a grain-boundary flow unit. (7) From the values of ($({\beta}_gj)^{-1}$) at different temperatures, the activation enthalpy ${\Delta}H_{gj}^{\neq}$ of deformation due to flow unit gj was determined, ($({\beta}_gj)^{-1}$) being proportional to , the jumping frequency (the rate constant) of flow unit gj. The ${\Delta}H_{gj}\;^{\neq}$ agreed very well with ${\Delta}H_{gj}\;^{\neq}$ (self-diff) of the element j whose diffusion in the sample is a critical step for the deformation as proposed by Kim-Ree's theory (Refer to Tables 3 and 4). (8) The fact, ${\Delta}H_{gj}\;^{\neq}={\Delta}H_{j}\;^{\neq}$ (self-diff), justifies the Kim-Ree theory and their method for determining activation enthalpies for deformation. (9) A linear relation between ${\beta}^{-1}$ and carbon content [C] in hot-rolled steel was observed, i.e., In ${\beta}^{-1}$ = -50.2 [C] - 40.3. This equation explains very well the experimental facts observed with regard to the deformation of hot-rolled steel..

• 폴리머
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2014

본 논문은 저분자량의 폴리에틸렌이민을 폴리디아세틸렌 리포좀 표면에 연결하여 유전자를 세포 내로 전달할 수 있는 새로운 양이온성 고분자 리포좀 유전자 전달체 개발에 대한 결과이다. 폴리디아세틸렌 리포좀 제조 후에 자외선을 조사하여 고분자성 리포좀을 제조한 후, 유전자의 전달 효율을 높이기 위해 폴리에틸렌이민을 리포좀 표면에 커플링제를 이용하여 공유결합시켜서 PCDA-PEI 리포좀을 합성하였다. 제조한 고분자 리포좀을 이용하여 동물세포 내에서의 유전자 전달 및 발현 효율과 그에 따른 독성을 확인하는 연구를 수행하였다. 사용한 폴리에틸렌이민은 가지형이고 분자량은 2 kD인 것을 사용하였다. DNA와의 복합체 형성을 알아보기 위하여 전기영동 방법과 피코그린 형광 염색 시약을 사용하였으며 효율적으로 복합체를 형성하는 것을 확인하였다. 전달체의 효율과 독성을 확인하기 위하여 HEK 293 및 HeLa 세포를 사용하여 확인하였다. 실험 결과 PCDA-PEI 리포좀은 세포 내에서 비율이 높아질수록 유전자 전달 효율이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 세포에 대한 독성도 상대적으로 낮음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 PCDA-PEI 리포좀이 효율적인 유전자 혹은 약물 전달체로 사용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1062-1067
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 화학센서의 개발에 있어서 감지 대상 물질을 정확히 선택적으로 인식하고 그 결과를 물리적 신호로서 발산할 수 있는 분자시스템이 화학센서의 감지부에 도입되고 이러한 기술을 바탕으로 효율적인 감지기술의 개발이 요청되고 있어 미량의 중금속 이온 측정용 화학센서의 연구를 하였다. 본 연구에서는 감지 대상 물질로서 저 농도의 $Ag^+$, $Cu^{2+}$ 이온들을 통하여 이들에 대한 선택적인 감지 결과를 SPR 센서를 응용한 인식 기능성 감지 막 제조를 하여 측정대상 금속이온들에 대한 선택적인 측정을 하여 저 농도에서 매우 정밀 하게 감지 가능한 센서시스템을 구현하였다. 이 결과 DTSQ-dye를 이용한 감지 막 측정 결과의 경우 저 농도 $Ag^+$이온에 따른 공명각의 변화는 $Ag^+$ 이온의 최고농도인 $10^{-4}M$ 까지 공명각의 변화는 $2.17[^{\circ}]$이며, 다른 금속과 비교 시 약 4.3배나 되는 큰 공명각의 변화를 보였고, SQ-dye를 이용한 감지막 측정 결과의 경우 저 농도 $Cu^{2+}$ 이온에 따른 공명각의 변화는 $Cu^{2+}$의 최고농도인 $10^{-4}M$ 까지 공명각의 변화는 $2.3[^{\circ}]$이며 다른 금속과의 비교시 약 4.5배나 되는 큰 공명각의 변화를 보였다.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

남해안에서 분리한 Gymnodinium catenatum의 형태, 계통학적 분석 및 다양한 온도 및 염분에 반응하는 성장 조건을 파악하였다. G. catenatum의 세포는 세로로 길거나 세로와 가로의 길이가 유사한 오각형이었다. 세포의 길이는 $38.1{\sim}77.4{\mu}m$, 폭은 $26.1{\sim}40.8{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 핵은 세포의 중간에 위치하였고, 상추구는 말굽의 편자 모양이었고, 이는 국내외 배양주와 형태적으로 매우 유사한 결과 였다. 계통분석 결과도 염기유사도를 비교해 보았을 때, 기존에 보고된 배양주와 100% 일치하여 이 종은 단일 계통으로 판단되었다. 온도와 염분에 대한 성장실험에서 G. catenatum은 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 염분 15 psu를 제외한 모든 염분구간에서 성장을 보였으며, 고온인 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 성장을 하지 않았다. 최대성장속도는 온도 $25^{\circ}C$, 염분 35 psu에서 $0.37day^{-1}$로 나타났고 최대세포밀도는 온도 $20^{\circ}C$, 염분 25에서 $1,073cells\;mL^{-1}$였다. 이 결과는 G. catenatum이 한국 남해안에서 여름철 및 가을철, 특히 평균 수온이 $20^{\circ}C$ 이상인 여름철에 최대 증식을 보일 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2019

The phototrophic dinoflagellate Biecheleriopsis adriatica is a small suessioid species characterized by a fragile thin wall. Although the morphology of this dinoflagellate is well established, there is currently little information available on its distribution and the environmental factors that influence this distribution. Thus, to investigate the spatial and seasonal distributions of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica in Korean waters, surface water samples were collected on a seasonal basis from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Sea of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018, and abundances of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, for which we developed the species-specific primer and probe set. Simultaneously, major environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured. The vegetative cells of B. adriatica were detected at 20 of the 28 sampling stations: 19 stations in summer and 6 in autumn, although from no stations in either spring or winter. The ranges of water temperature and salinity at sites where this species was detected were $17.7-26.4^{\circ}C$ and 9.9-34.3, respectively, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate concentrations were not detectable-96.2 and $0.18-2.66{\mu}M$, respectively. Thus, the sites at which this species is found are characterized by a narrow range of temperature, but wide ranges of salinity and concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. The highest abundance of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica was $41.7cells\;mL^{-1}$, which was recorded in Jinhae Bay in July 2018. In Jinhae Bay, the abundance of vegetative cells was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of nitrate, but was negatively correlated with salinity. On the basis of these findings, it appears that the abundance of B. adriatica vegetative cells shows strong seasonality, and in Jinhae Bay, could be affected by the concentrations of nitrate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.931-937
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• 2018

봉합사는 단순한 접합용로 뿐만 아니라 한방, 미용 심지어 성형 분야에도 사용하고 있다. 특히 미용 성형 분야에 인기를 끌고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 많이 사용했던 PDO 봉합사보다 강도 더 좋은 PCL 및 PLLA 봉합사를 제조하였다. 이들의 수축 특성을 알기 위해 PCL 및 PLLA 봉합사의 수축률, 인장강도 및 연신율을 측정하였다. 또한 직경 및 표면을 보기 위해 SEM을 분석하였다. 수축률은 온도 상관없이 일정기간 지나면 안정화 되다. 또한 온도 높을수록 수축 증가율이 높아진다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 유리온도의 전후 온도에 따른 기계적 특성의 변화율이 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 온도 높을수록 분자운동 더 빨라지고 인장강도 낮아진다. PCL 및 PLLA 봉합사의 직경은 봉합사의 수축률과 상반관계로 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 PLLA 봉합사의 멸균온도는 $45^{\circ}C$로 설정하고 PCL 봉합사의 멸균온도는 $35^{\circ}C$로 설정하는 것이 가장 적절하다고 사료된다.

• 대한간학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.374-383
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• 2018

Background/Aims: There have been numerous efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with antiviral agents during pregnancy. However, there are limited data regarding the outcomes of pregnant women after delivery. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral agents in preventing MTCT of HBV and maternal long-term outcomes. Methods: The HBV-infected pregnant women treated with antiviral agents to prevent MTCT were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-one pregnant women who received telbivudine or tenofovir during late pregnancy (28-34 week) were analyzed. Hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb) positivity was tested in 43 infants after 7 months of birth. Eleven mothers were followed >1 year after delivery. Results: The mean HBV DNA titer before antiviral therapy was 8.67 (6.60-9.49) log copies/mL, and the median age at delivery was 32 years (range, 22-40). Eleven patients were treated with tenofovir and 30 with telbivudine. The median duration was 57 days (range, 23-100), and the median HBV DNA titer at birth was 5.06 log copies/mL (range, 2.06-6.50). Antiviral treatments were associated with significant HBV DNA reduction (P<0.001). Among 43 infants (two cases of twins), HBsAb was not detected in two, subsequently confirmed to have HBV infection. Biochemical flare was observed in two of 11 mothers followed >12 months, and an antiviral agent was administered. Conclusions: Antiviral treatment during late pregnancy effectively reduced MTCT. Long-term follow-up should be required in such cases. In addition, given that maternal biochemical flare occurred in 18% of mothers, re-administration of antiviral agents might be required.