• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.297-300
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• 1988

Ammonium p-methylbenzenesulfonate, $C_7H_11NO_3S$, Mr = 189.23, orthorhombic, space group $Pna2-1$, a = 20.406(4), b = 6.271(1), c = 7.067(2)${\AA}$, V = 904.19 ${\AA}^3$, Z = 4, $D_x$ = 1.39, $D_m =1.38g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$, ${\lambda}(M_o K_{\alpha})$ = 0. 71069 ${\AA}$, ${\mu}=3.1 cm^{-1}$, T = 298K, F(000) = 400, final R = 0.057 for 994 unique observed reflections with I > $16{\sigma}(I)$. The methylbenzene portion including the sulfur atom is nearly planar. Between the $SO_3$ groups and the ammonium ion, there are three unique hydrogen bonds; two of which make the anions linked along the c-axis and the remaining one along the b-axis. These hydrogen bonds make two-dimensionally hydrogen-bonded molecular layers. Among these hydrophilic layers, the methylbenzene moieties cluster together to form hydrophobic layers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.576-583
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• 2004

GERI-155 is a macrolide antibiotic containing two deoxyhexose molecules and shows antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria. Deoxysugar biosynthetic gene cluster of GERI-155 from Streptomyces sp. GERI-l55 genome was cloned. Four orfs were identified and a putative orf presumed to be the dTDP g]ucose-4,6-dehydratase gene was designated as gerE. GerE was expressed in E. coli by using a recombinant expression vector pHJ1. The expressed protein was purified from E. coli cell lysate by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-sepharose CL-6B and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The molecular mass of the expressed protein correlated with the predicted mass that was deduced from the cloned gene sequence data. The recombinant protein was a homodimer with a subunit relative molecular weight of 39,000 Dalton. It was found to have dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase activity and also found to be highly specific for dTDP-glucose as a substrate. The values of $K_{m} and V_{max}$ for dTDP-g]ucose were $32\mu$M and 335 nmol $min^{-1}$ (mg protein)^{-1}$, respectively. dTTP and dTDP were strong inhibitors of the protein. $NAD^+$, the coenzyme for dTDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase, was tightly bound to the expressed protein.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Added Chongmyung-tang (ACM) on Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Effects of ACM on learning behavior were investigated using the Morris water maze method. Expression levels of molecular factors related to Alzheimer's disease such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cluster of differentiation antigen 68 (CD68), and tau protein in the hippocampus of APP-SWE Tg2576 mice were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining method. ACM reduced escape latency in the Morris water maze test. ACM decreased the expression level of GFAP and tau protein in the hippocampus. These results suggest that ACM may be involved in regulating molecules that are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2008

Flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) is one of the key enzymes for the biosynthesis of flavonals, anthocyanins, catechins and proanthocyanins. F3H catalyzes the $3{\beta}$-hydroxylation of (2S)-flavonones to form (2R, 3R)-dihydroflavonols. In this report, we isolated a full-length cDNA of RocF3H from black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) using a reverse transcriptase-PCR and rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The full-length cDNA of RocF3H contains a 1,098 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 365 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of about 41.1 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.45. The genomic DNA analysis revealed that the RocF3H gene had three exons and two introns. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the RocF3H with other F3Hs revealed that the protein is highly homologous with various plant species. The conserved amino acids ligating the ferrous iron and the residues participating in the 2-oxoglutarate binding (R-X-S) were found in RocF3H at the similar positions to other F3Hs. Southern blot analysis indicated that RocF3H exist a multi-gene family. The isolation of RocF3H gene will be helpful to further study the role of F3H gene in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in R. occidnetalis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.303-305
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• 2019

An actinobacterial strain designated Gordonia sp. MMS17-SY073 (=KCTC 49257) was isolated from a coastal soil of an island, and its complete genome was analyzed. A single contig consisting of 5,962,176 bp with the G + C content of 67.4% was obtained, and the annotation resulted in 5,201 protein-coding genes, 6 rRNA genes and 45 tRNA genes. Strain MMS17-SY073 was closest to the type strain of Gordonia soli based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, sharing 98.5% sequence similarity. A number of biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase types in particular, could be identified from the genome.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.176-181
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• 2021

Bcl-x, a member of the Bcl-2 family, plays a key role in apoptosis. Alternative splicing of Bcl-x pre-mRNA through alternative 5' splice-site selection produces an anti-apoptotic mRNA isoform that includes exon 2b and a pro-apoptotic Bcl-x mRNA isoform that excludes exon 2b. Here we used Bcl-x minigene and identified SRSF2 and SRSF6 as two regulatory factors of 5' splice-site selection of Bcl-x pre-mRNA. We selected binding clusters closer to 5' splice-sites from multiple potential binding sites of SRSF2 and SRSF6 to perform loss of functions analysis through site-directed mutagenesis. Our results demonstrated that these mutations did not abolish regulatory functions of SRSF2 or SRSF6, indicating that a single binding motif or a cluster was not a functional target of these proteins in Bcl-x pre-mRNA splicing. Random deletion mutagenesis did not disrupt the role of SRSF2 and SRSF6. Importantly, mutagenesis of 5' splice-site to a conserved or a weaker score demonstrated that the weaker strength of the target 5' splice-site or higher strength of the other 5' splice-site strength limited the role of SRSF2 and SRSF6 in 5' splice-site activation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.141.1-141
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• 2003

Forty six isolates of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) collected from azuki bean, mungbean, kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean and peanut were classified into three groups based on biological, serological, cytopathological, and molecular characteristics. Group I induced vein-banding symptoms in cowpea which was similar to those produced by the BCMV-cowpea strain. Group II caused mosaic symptoms in azuki bean but not in peanut and tobacco. Since this character was different from that of previously described BCMV strain, group II may not belong to BCMV GroupIII induced vein-clearing symptoms in azuki bean, kidney bean and peanut, which are typical symptoms for BCMV-peanut stripe virus strain. Virus inclusion patterns of BCMV groups were similar to those of Potyvirus subdivision III with the scroll, pinwheel and long laminated inclusions. However, the inclusions of laminated aggregates were never observed in mungbean isolates. Multiple alignment as well as cluster dendrograms of 3'noncoding region (3'-NCR) and a part of coat protein gene (CP) suggested that group I belongs to the BCMV-cowpea strain, group II to the BCMV-azuki bean strain, and group III to the BCMV-peanut stripe virus strain. Since molecular phylogenesis of BCMV based on nucleotides of 3'-NCR and coat protein differed from the grouping based on virulence differentiation, and BCMV groups are more closely related to each other with the same host origin, other characteristics of those strains are under investigation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2024

A comprehensive survey of mungbean-growing areas was conducted to observe leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata. Alternaria leaf spot symptoms were observed on the leaves. Diversity of 50 genotypes of mungbean was assessed against A. alternata and data on pathological traits was subjected to cluster analysis. The results showed that genotypes of mungbean were grouped into four clusters based on resistance parameters under the influence of disease. The principal component biplot demonstrated that all the disease-related parameters (% disease incidence, % disease intensity, lesion area, and % of infection) were strongly correlated with each other. Alt a 1 gene that is precisely found in Alternaria species and is responsible for virulence and pathogenicity. Alt a 1 gene was amplified using gene specific primers. The isolated pathogen produced similar symptoms when inoculated on mungbean and tobacco. The sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, a 600 bp fragment amplified using specific primers, ITS1 and ITS2 showed 100% identity with A. alternata. Potato virus X (PVX) -based silencing vector expressing Alt a 1 gene was constructed to control this pathogen through RNA interference in tobacco. Out of 50 inoculated plants, 9 showed delayed onset of disease. Furthermore, to confirm our findings at molecular level semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used. Both phenotypic and molecular investigation indicated that RNAi induced through the VIGS vector was efficacious in resisting the pathogen in the model host, Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). To the best of our knowledge, this study has been reported for the first time.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.298-305
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• 2016

In this work, recent progress on graphene/metal oxide composites as advanced materials for $HgCl_2$ and $CO_2$ capture was investigated. Density Functional Theory calculations were used to understand the effects of temperature on the adsorption ability of $HgCl_2$ and water vapor on $CO_2$ adsorption on CaO (001) with reinforced carbon-based nanostructures using B3LYP functional. Understanding the mechanism by which mercury and $CO_2$ adsorb on graphene/CaO (g-CaO) is crucial to the design and fabrication of effective capture technologies. The results obtained from the optimized geometries and frequencies of the proposed cluster site structures predicted that with respect to molecular binding the system possesses unusually large $HgCl_2$ ($0.1-0.4HgCl_2g/g$ sorbent) and $CO_2$ ($0.2-0.6CO_2g/g$ sorbent) uptake capacities. The $HgCl_2$ and $CO_2$ were found to be stable on the surface as a result of the topology and a strong interaction with the g-CaO system; these results strongly suggest the potential of CaO-doped carbon materials for $HgCl_2$ and $CO_2$ capture applications, the functional gives reliable answers compared to available experimental data.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 2012

Enzymatic oxidation of commercially available pyrogallol was efficiently transformed to an oxidative product, purpurogallin. Purpurogallin plays an important role in inhibiting glutathione S-transferase, xanthine oxidase, catechol O-methyltransferase activities and is effective in the cell protection of several cell types. However, the anti-inflammatory functions of purpurogallin are not well studied. Here, we determined the effects of purpurogallin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated proinflammatory responses. The results showed that purpurogallin inhibited LPS-mediated barrier hyper-permeability, monocyte adhesion and migration and such inhibitory effects were significantly correlated with the inhibitory functions of purpurogallin on LPS-mediated cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecules, intracellular cell adhesion molecule, E-selectin). Furthermore, LPS-mediated nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) releases from HUVECs were inhibited by purpurogallin. Given these results, purpurogallin showed its anti-inflammatory activities and could be a candidate as a therapeutic agent for various systemic inflammatory diseases.