• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1673-1678
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• 2007

The use of flip-chip type electronic package offers numerous advantages such as reduced thickness, improved environmental compatibility, and downed cost. Despite numerous benefits, flip-chip type packages bare several reliability problems. The most critical issue among them is their electrical performance deterioration upon consecutive thermal cycles attributed to gradual delamination growth through chip and adhesive film interface induced by CTE mismatch driven shear and peel stresses. The electronic package in use is heated continuously by itself. When the crack at a weak site of the electronic package occurs, thermal deformationon the chip side is changed. Therefore, we can measure these micro deformations by using Moire interferometry and find out the crack length.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect on the improvement in idiopathic scoliosis when applying the orthopedic manual physical therapy and myofascial release technique. Methods: 20 patients in Cheon-An ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ hospital were selected as subjects whose Cobb's angle were higher than $10^{\circ}$ according to the radiograph. They were treated for 60 minutes a day, three days a week, and 8 weeks so that the total time of visit would be 24. We performed five tests (Moire test, X-ray, standing height test, Cobb's angle, pelvic level test, VAS) to indentifiy the therapeutic effects. Results: Four test results were improved more remarkably after those treatment than before(p<.001), except pelvic level test (p>.001). Conclusion: we confirmed that there were correcting effects on most of the valuation index from the primary analysis, which divided the subjects into 2 groups by Cobb's angle, but there were more effective in patients having lower than $25^{\circ}$. There were similarly correcting effects on most of the valuation index according to the secondary analysis, but there were particularly more effective in children.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of Catalpa Ovata on the collagen-induced arthritis in the lewis rats. and we infere the effects of Catalpa Ovata on the rheumatoid arthritis in the human body. Methods : We investigated the effect of Catalpa Ovata on the Collagen-induced arthritis in Lewis rats via morphology, histology and serology as an experimental group, a control group, and a normal group. We feed Catalpa Ovata. only to an experimental group. Results : According to this research, the abnormal finding In Moire topography was 53.7% (1,018 students), and students needed X-ray re-examination were 11.2% (213 students). Students diagnosed scoliosis by X-ray re-examination were 1.8%. According to statistical analysis, interval between vertical base line of pelvis and vertical base line of neck, gap between left distance and right distance to the vertical base line of pelvis and difference of contour lines have strong correlations with deformity degree of the body surface examined by Moire. Conclusions : 1. The weight of an experimental group were lower than control group with statistically significant at 15 days later. 2, The paw edema volume of an experimental group were lower than control group at 10 days, 15 days later. but couldn't be found meaning. 3. The size of the tarsal joint of an experimental group were lower than control group at 5 days, 10 days, 15 days later, but couldn't be found meaning. 4. The volume of tumor necrosis factor-a at an experimental group were lower than control group with statistically significant. 5. The volume of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ at an experimental group were lower than control group with statistically significant. 6. An experimental group and a control group were showed ankylosing osteoarthritis, but an experimental group compared with a control group, alleviated In the fibrous ankylosis, destruction of articular cartilage and destruction of subchondral bony tissue. According to the above results, it might be considered that Catalpa Ovata has the suppression of the advance of the Collagen-induced arthritis and that result were presumed to bo connected with suppression of volume of the tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ in the blood.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2001

The Talbot effect of an elongated circular (EC) grating composed of a line grating and two semicircular gratings with well matched pitches is experimentally presented. As the relative positions between the fixed EC grating and the moving Talbot image of another EC grating or a self Talbot image are one-dimensionally deformed, we can visually observe moire fringes generated by their superposition. Two examples of their applications, that is, the measurement of the wedged angle of a wedged prism and of the fine rotational angle of a mirror are described.cribed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1042-1055
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to consider the formative characteristics of dance sports from such points of view as shapes, colors, material and decorations, and to examine artistic characteristics that are expressed through those elements. As a result, this study shows five artistic characteristics as follows; First, rhythmic characteristic is expressed with repeat of lines that is formed by pleats, shirring or gather, with duplication of ruffle's wave, with gradation of colors, with Moire-effect that is generated with overlap of see-through material, with glossy material that reflects lights to a great extent, with fringe. Second, bodily characteristic emphasizes the beauty of human bodies through direct or indirect body exposure by way of cut-and-open, see-throughness or close adhesion. Third, decorative characteristic is shown with beads, fringe, ruffle, embroidery, shirring, binding, or feather. Fourth, the beauty of female body is manifested to express eroticism, which is culminated by body exposure, body consciousness, use of illuminating or see-through material or colorful trimming. Finally, elegant characteristic is revealed through feminity, sophistication, and harmony that are expressed with black and white colors, see-through material, or bead trimmings.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.259-267
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• 2016

Most manufacturing processes, including welding, create residual stresses. Residual stresses can reduce material strength and cause fractures. For estimating the reliability and aging of a welded structure, residual stresses should be evaluated as precisely as possible. Optical techniques such as holographic interferometry, electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), Moire interferometry, and shearography are noncontact means of measuring residual stresses. Among optical techniques, ESPI is typically used as a nondestructive measurement technique of in-plane displacement, such as stress and strain, and out-of-plane displacement, such as vibration and bending. In this study, ESPI was used to measure the residual stress on the welded part of butt-welded American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) A36 specimens with $CO_2$ welding. Four types of specimens, base metal specimen (BSP), tensile specimen including welded part (TSP), compression specimen including welded part (CSP), and annealed tensile specimen including welded part (ATSP), were tested. BSP was used to obtain the elastic modulus of a base metal. TSP and CSP were used to compare residual stresses under tensile and compressive loading conditions. ATSP was used to confirm the effect of heat treatment. Residual stresses on the welded parts of specimens were obtained from the phase map images obtained by ESPI. The results confirmed that residual stresses of welded parts can be measured by ESPI.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.189-197
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• 2009

A digital image usually has 8 bits of depth basically representing pixel intensity ranging for [0 255]. These pixel range allow 256 step levels of pixel values in the image. Thus the greyscale value for a given image is an integer. When we carry out interpolation of a given image for resizing we have to round the interpolated value to integer which can result in loss of quality on perceived color values. This paper proposes a new method for recovering this loss of information during interpolation process. By using the proposed method the pixels tend to regain more original values which yields better looking images on resizing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was (1) to classify the lower body of young women, (2) to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of each lower body type. The subjects for direct anthrophometric measurements were 330 female college students aged from 18 to 25. Thirty variables(16 directly obtained from the anthropometric data and 14 indices) were used for lower body classification. The data were statintically analyzed by the principal factor analysis and the cluster analysis. Factors extracted were used as variables for the cluster analysis. To detect three-dimensional characteristics of each lower body type, horizontally sectioned overlap maps were obtained by the moire photography. The results obtained from this study were as follows: The lower body of Korean young women into five groups according to their lower body shapes. 1) Group 1(18.9% of the total) is characterized by a shorter and thinner lower body, no dropped hip with a close size between hip and waist. 2) Group 2(21.3% of the total) is characterized by longer lower body and average dropped hip with the most differences between hip and waist size. 3) Group 3(18.6% of the total) is characterized by their average hip and waist sizes but with the most dropped hip. 4) Group 4(22.9% of the total) is characterized by their comparatively fat lower body, almost average dropped hip and more differences between hip and waist size. 5) Group 5(19.2% of total) is characterized by the fattest and relatively longer lower body, least dropped hip with less differences between hip and waist sizes.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-21
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• 1999

Flip chip assembly directly on organic boards offers miniaturization of package size as well as reduction in interconnection distances resulting in a high performance and cost-competitive Packaging method. This paper describes the investigation of alternative low cost flip-chip mounting processes using electroless Ni/Au bump and anisotropic conductive adhesives/films as an interconnection material on organic boards such as FR-4. As bumps for flip chip, electroless Ni/Au plating was performed and characterized in mechanical and metallurgical point of view. Effect of annealing on Ni bump characteristics informed that the formation of crystalline nickel with $Ni_3$P precipitation above $300^{\circ}C$ causes an increase of hardness and an increase of the intrinsic stress resulting in a reliability limitation. As an interconnection material, modified ACFs composed of nickel conductive fillers for electrical conductor and non-conductive inorganic fillers for modification of film properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) and tensile strength were formulated for improved electrical and mechanical properties of ACF interconnection. The thermal fatigue life of ACA/F flip chip on organic board limited by the thermal expansion mismatch between the chip and the board could be increased by a modified ACA/F. Three ACF materials with different CTE values were prepared and bonded between Si chip and FR-4 board for the thermal strain measurement using moire interferometry. The thermal strain of ACF interconnection layer induced by temperature excursion of $80^{\circ}C$ was decreased with decreasing CTEs of ACF materials.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.205-215
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• 2013

In digital imaging system, Bayer pattern is widely used and the observed image is degraded by optical blur during image acquisition process. Generally, demosaicing and deblurring process are separately performed in order to convert a blurred Bayer image to a high resolution color image. However, the demosaicing process often generates visible artifacts such as zipper effect and Moire artifacts when performing interpolation across edge direction in Bayer pattern image. These artifacts are emphasized by the deblurring process. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a deblurring algorithm combined with edge directional color demosaicing method. The proposed method is consisted of interpolation step and region classification step. Interpolation and deblurring are simultaneously performed according to horizontal and vertical directions, respectively during the interpolation step. In the region classification step, characteristics of local regions are determined at each pixel position and the directionally obtained values are region adaptively fused. Also, the proposed method uses blur model based on wave optics and deblurring filter is calculated by using estimated characteristics of local regions. The simulation results show that the proposed deblurring algorithm prevents the boosting of artifacts and outperforms conventional approaches in both objective and subjective terms.