• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.102-108
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• 2010

The photovoltaic system changes solar energy into DC by solar cell and this DC is inverted into AC which is used in general houses by inverter. Recently, the use of power of the photovoltaic system is increased. Therefore, the study of 3 phase solar system to transmit large power is very important. This paper proposes a method that finds simply faults and diagnoses the switch open faults of 3-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter of grid-connected photovoltaic system. The proposed method in $\alpha\beta$ plane uses the patterns of trajectory image as the characteristic parameters and differenciates a normal state and open states of switches. Then, the result is made into tree. The tree is composed of 21 fault patterns and the parameters to classify faults are a shape, a trajectory area, a distributed angle, and a typical vector angle. The result shows that the proposed method diagnosed fault diagnoses, classified correctly them, and made a pattern tree by fault patterns.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 1996

In this paper, the chemical process of each step in fabricating the holographic phase diffraction grating with silver salt sensitive materials has been studied in detail. A new analysis of the bleaching methods have been made through the study. The result shows that among the types of bleaching methods, the reversal bleach can not be reacted chemically. And the experiments about the chemical reactions, the characteristics of the reaction products and the refractive modulation types by the bleaching methods have been done to prove the theory. It is investigated that the exposure acts as the catalyst of developing reaction and affects the developing reaction time conspicuously. At the optimum developing reaction times, which could be taken from the experiments, the holographic diffraction gratings with high diffraction efficiency over 70% could be obtained in the range of the exposure quantity 50~350 [$\mu$J/ $\textrm{cm}^2$]. From the experiments about the correlation of the chemical processing conditions of the composition of developers, the exposure, and the developing reaction time, it has proved that the enhancement of the diffraction efficiency is impossible in the limited exposure energy and conventional constant chemical reaction time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.53-62
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• 2004

In this study, an improved post-processing technique for correcting MRI artifact due to the unknown respiratory motion in the imaging plane is presented. Respiratory motion is modeled by a two-Dimensional linear expending-shrinking movement. Assuming that the body tissues are incompressible fluid like materials, the proton density per unit volume of the imaging object is kept constant. According to the introduced model, respiratory motion imposes phase error, non-uniform sampling and amplitude modulation distortions on the acquired MRI data. When the motion parameters are known or can be estimatead a reconstruction algorithm based on biliner superposition method was used to correct the MRI artifact. In the case of motion parameters are unknown, first, the spectrum shift method is applied to find the respiratory fluctuation function, x directional expansion coefficient and x directional expansion center. Next, y directional expansion coefficient and y directional expansion center are estimated by using the minimum energy method. Finally, the validity of this proposed method is shown to be effective by using the simulated motion images.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.742-749
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• 2016

To cope with the rising cost of the fossil fuel and the need of renewable energy, many wind farms are being constructed along the coasts of Korean peninsula. However, construction of these wind farms may cause negative influences by the shielding effect and the Doppler frequency from the wind turbine on the military radars operated in the nearby region. Therefore, the analysis of electromagnetic phenomenon with the real wind turbine is required. This paper compare the measured electromagnetic shielding effect and Doppler effect with theoretical shielding effect according to obstacle in literature and the extracted Doppler frequency through signal modeling.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2008

Objectives Obesity is the major risk factor of the heart disease and the metabolic disease. The autonomic nervous system is a key contributor in the regulation of energy balance, so the blunted activity may contribute to the maintenance of the obese state. So we evaluated the function of the autonomic nervous system in young overweight and obese women with heart rate variability. Methods The subjects were 26 overweight and obese young women(BMI〉$23kg/m^2$) and 25 lean women who visited Kangnam Kyunghee hospital for obesity management from March 2006 to April 2008. Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA), short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) were performed. Results HRV of obese young group was lower than the lean young group, but there is no statistical significance. BMI had significantly a negative correlation with Low Frequency(LF) of HRV. LF power is mediated by sympathetic nervous system activity. These results indicate a decrease of sympathetic modulation in overweight and obese young women. Conclusions Overweight and obese young women have decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. In clinical practice, an assessement of HRV would be noninvasive and sensitive methods for sympathetic nervous system of young overweight and obese women.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2015

According to the recent report, solar street lamp connected to a non Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) charger, can lead to a system-wide decline in power output with as much as 30%. This paper proposes the charge controller with direct duty ration control for 250W solar street lamp in order to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic from these output power reduction. This paper covers the Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) controller and power conversion topology and analyze the MPPT method for charge controller. The power conversion part consists of push pull converter based on PWM controller using 8bit MCU in order to have lower manufacturing cost. The PWM controller with direct duty ratio control algorithm is constantly tracking the maximum power point of photovoltaic module and increases energy output power. The test results shows 97.1~97.4% MPPT efficiency and the experimental hardware is implemented based on the solar simulator condition for 241W. Thus, the implemented charge controller shows its feasibility for the real application, especially under solar street lamp.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.15-16
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• 2012

General lighting will be replaced into LED due to the high efficiency, low power consumption, long life than conventional light, moreover, since it is a basically semiconductor device that can convert the electric energy to visible light at a very high speed, using these characteristics can be performed communication modulation via the high-speed ON-OFF switching. Recently, visible light communication (VLC: Visible Light Communication) technology is received attention and there have been many researches. This paper is implemented media signal transmission by combining LED with VLC, a transmitter used the LED light-emitting device and receiver used an infrared sensor. In order to increase the efficiency of the communication system to improve the existing LED visible light communication driver of power conversion efficiency and thermal issues that is applied to the visible light communication in order to improve the speed of transmission media to research a new way of LED driver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1791-1801
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• 2013

Diketopiperazine is produced by various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and animals, and has been suggested as a novel signal molecule involved in the modulation of genes with various biological functions. Vibrio vulnificus, which causes septicemia in humans, produces cyclo($\small{L}$-phenylalanine-$\small{L}$-proline) (cFP). To understand the biological roles of cFP, the effect of the compound on the expression of the total mRNA in V. vulnificus was assessed by next-generation sequencing. Based on the transcriptomic analysis, we classified the cFP-regulated genes into functional categories and clustered them according to the expression patterns resulted from treatment with cFP. From a total of 4,673 genes, excepting the genes encoding tRNA in V. vulnificus, 356 genes were up-regulated and 602 genes were down-regulated with an RPKM (reads per kilobase per million) value above 3. The genes most highly induced by cFP comprised those associated with the transport and metabolism of inorganic molecules, particularly iron. The genes negatively regulated by cFP included those associated with energy production and conversion, as well as carbohydrate metabolism. Noticeably, numerous genes related with biofilm formation were modulated by cFP. We demonstrated that cFP interferes significantly with the biofilm formation of V. vulnificus.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2000

Accident statistics shows that the portion of fatal occupant injuries due to side impacts is considerably high. The side impact usually leads to a severe intrusion of side structure into the passenger compartment. Furthermore, the safety zone for the side impact is relatively small compared to the front impact. Those kinds of physics for side impact frequently result in a fatal injury for the occupant. Therefore, NHTSA and EEVC are trying to intensify the regulation for the occupant protection against side impact. Both the regulation and recent market trends are asking for an installation of side airbag. There are several types of system configuration for side impact sensing. In this paper, we adopt the acceleration-based remote sensing method for the side airbag control system. We mainly focus on the development of hardware and crash discrimination algorithm of remote sensing unit. The crash discrimination algorithm needs fast decision of airbag firing especially for high-speed side impact such as FMVSS 214 and EEVC tests. It is also required to distinguish between low-speed fire and no-fire events. The algorithm should have a sufficient safety margin against any misuse situation such as hammer blow, door slam, etc. This paper introduces several firing criteria such as acceleration. velocity and energy criteria that use physical value proportional to crash severity. We have made a simulation program by using Matlab/Simulink to implement the proposed algorithm. We have conducted an algorithm calibration by using real crash data for 2,500cc vehicle. The crash performance obtained by the simulation was verified through a pulse injection method. It turned out that the results satisfied the system requirements well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2010

The amorphous $Bi_5Nb_3O_{15}$ film grown at room temperature under an oxygen-plasma sputtering ambient (BNRT-$O_2$ film) has a hydrophobic surface with a surface energy of $35.6\;mJm^{-2}$, which is close to that of the orthorhombic pentacene ($38\;mJm^{-2}$, resulting in the formation of a good pentacene layer without the introduction of an additional polymer layer. This film was very flexible, maintaining a high capacitance of $145\;nFcm^{-2}$ during and after 10s bending cycles with a small curvature radius of 7.5 mm. This film was optically transparent. Furthermore, the flexible, pentacene-based, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) fabricated on the polyethersulphone substrate at room temperature using a BNRT-$O_2$ film as a gate insulator exhibited a promising device performance with a high field effect mobility of $0.5\;cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$, an on/off current modulation of $10^5$ and a small subthreshold slope of $0.2\;Vdecade^{-1}$ under a low operating voltage of -5 V. This device also maintained a high carrier mobility of $0.45\;cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$ during the bending with a small curvature radius of 9 mm. Therefore, the BNRT-$O_2$ film is considered a promising material for the gate insulator of the flexible, pentacene-based OTFT.