• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권12호
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• pp.2225-2231
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• 2016

In order to overcome the problem of fossil fuel energy, electric vehicle (EV) has been used in recent years. The important issues of EV are driving distance and lifetime related to EV efficiency. A voltage source converter is one of the main components of EV which can be operated with various pulse width modulation (PWM) schemes such as continuous PWM schemes and discontinuous PWM schemes. These PWM schemes will cause the effects on the efficiency of converter system and the lifetime of EV. Therefore, this paper proposes an analysis of the PWM schemes for the power converter on the EV. The objective is to find out a best solution for the EV by comparing the total harmonic distortion (THD) and transient response between the various PWM schemes. The operation of traction motor on the EV with the PWM schemes will be verified by using Psim simulation program.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권12C호
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 DCT 평면에서 modulation transfer function (MTF)을 사용한 정지영상 워터마킹 방법을 제안하였다. 정지영상에 삽입된 워터마크의 가시성을 줄이기 위하여 인간의 시각적 특성을 나타내는 MTF를 사용하였다. 제안한 워터마킹 방법이 lowpass filtering 및 cropping 등의 공격에 강인한 특성을 나타내었다. 공간평면과 DCT 평면 사이의 에너지 상관관계를 이용하여 DCT 평면에서 삽입될 워터마크의 길이와 공간 평면에서 원하는 peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)가 주어졌을 때 DCT 평면에서 워터마크 weighting factor를 구하는 식을 유도하였으며, 원하는 PSNR과 공간평면 및 DCT 평면에서 계산된 PSNR이 본 실험에서 사용한 7가지 영상에 대하여 최대 0.07dB이내로 오차를 나타내었다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.364-369
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• 2007

A system heat pump provides the benefits of comfort, energy conservation and easy maintenance. Recently, the system heat pump has been employed in small and medium-sized buildings. However, the performance data and control algorithm for system heat pump are limited in literature due to complicated system parameters and operating conditions. In the present study, the performance of a system heat pump with two indoor unit is measured by varying indoor loads, EEV opening, and compressor speed. In addition, the integral optimum regulator which includes MIMO control algorithm is proposed. The capacity modulation and optimum capacity for each indoor unit can be adjusted by utilizing the EEVs opening and compressor speed. The proposed scheme shows appropriate control performance at test conditions.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.143-147
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• 1992

개구상에서 위상변조를 실시하였을 때에 line spread function과 MTF에 미치는 효과를 실험적 측정에 의한 고찰을 실시하였다. 국산 쌍안경 대물렌즈를 시험렌즈로 하였다. 위상변조를 위한 위상판을 제작하고 렌즈앞에 밀착하여 MTF를 축정하였다. 위상변조는 개구상에서 일정한 범위를 $\pi$만큼 지연시켰다. 실험결과 수차가 큰 쌍안경 대물경계에 위상변조 효과는 공간주파수 여과특성은 매우 약하고 수차보정효과가 크게 나타났다. 결과적으로 적절하게 위상변조를 실시하면, 광에너지 손실이 거의없이 광학계의 결상능력을 향상시킬 수가 있음을 확증하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2022

Crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells have advantages of zero pollution, large scale and high reliability. A major challenge is that sunlight wavelength with photon energy lower than semiconductor band gap is converted into heat and increase its temperature and reduce its conversion efficiency. Traditional cooling PV method is using water flowing below the modules to cool down PV temperature. In this paper, the idea is proposed to reduce the temperature of the module and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the module through the modulation of the solar spectrum. A spectrally selective nanofilm reflector located directly on the surface of PV is designed, which can reflect sunlight wavelength with low photon energy, and even enhance absorption of sunlight wavelength with high photon energy. The results indicate that nanofilm reflector can reduce spectral reflectivity integral from 9.0% to 6.93% in 400~1100 nm wavelength range, and improve spectral reflectivity integral from 23.1% to 78.34% in long wavelength range. The nanofilm reflector can reduce temperature of PV by 4.51℃ and relatively improved energy conversion efficiency of PV by 1.25% when solar irradiance is 1000 W/m². Furthermore, the nanofilm reflector is insensitive in sunlight's angle and polarization state, and be suitable for high irradiance environment.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1339-1345
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• 2006

The development of an accurate and energy saving electro-pneumatic regulator that may be applied to a variety of practical pressure control applications is described in this paper. A novel modified pulse width modulation (MPWM) valve pulsing algorithm allows the electro-pneumatic regulator to become energy saving system. A comparison between the system response of conventional PWM algorithm and that of the modified PWM (MPWM) algorithm shows that the control performance is almost the same, but energy saving is greatly improved by adopting this new MPWM algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated through experiments with various reference trajectories.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1339-1342
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• 2005

The development of an accurate and energy saving pneumatic regulator that may be applied to a variety of practical pressure control applications is described in this paper. A novel modified pulse width modulation(MPWM) valve pulsing algorithm allows the pneumatic regulator to become energy saving system. A comparison between the system response of conventional PWM algorithm and that of the modified PWM(MPWM) algorithm shows that the control performance is almost the same, but energy saving is greatly improved by adopting this new MPWM algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is demonstrated through experiments with various reference trajectories.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.372-376
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• 2001

Due to several advantages of Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) Converter, such as unity power factor operation, elimination of low-order harmonics and regeneration of motor braking energy to source, the application range of PWM Converter has been rapidly extended in industrial application. Nowadays, vector control algorithm and space vector PWM(SVPWM) method are applied to improve the performances of PWM Converter, but vector control algorithm and SVPWM require to use Microprocessor and other digital devices in hardware, causing costly and somewhat large dimension system. In every practical application of energy conversion equipments, the design and implementation should be carried out considering cost and performance. High performance and low cost is the best choice for energy conversion equipments. So, this paper presents the practical design method and implementation results of 3-phase PWM Converter with analog hysteresis current controller, and verifies the performances of unit power factor operation and energy regeneration operation via experimental results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2168-2180
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• 2014

In this paper, a generalized power loss algorithm for multilevel neutral-point clamped (NPC) PWM inverters is presented, which is applicable to any level number of multilevel inverters. In the case of three-level inverters, the conduction loss depends on the MI (modulation index) and the PF (power factor), and the switching loss depends on a switching frequency, turn-on and turn-off energy. However, in the higher level of inverters than the three-level, the loss of semiconductor devices cannot be analyzed by conventional methods. The modulation depth should be considered in addition, to find the different conducting devices depending on the MI. In a case study, the power loss analysis for the three- and five-level NPC inverters has been performed with the proposed algorithm. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation for the three-and five-level NPC inverters and experiment for three-level NPC inverter.

• KIEE International Transaction on Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems
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• 제12B권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

This paper proposes a new zero-current switching (ZCS) pulse-width modulation (PWM) switch cell that has no additional conduction loss of the main switch. In this cell, the main switch and the auxiliary switch turn on and turn off under zero current condition. The diodes commutate softly and the reverse recovery problems are alleviated. The conduction loss and the current stress of the main switch are minimized, since the resonating current for the soft switching does not flow through the main switch. Based on the proposed ZCS PWM switch cell, a new family of dc to dc PWM converters is derived. The new family of ZCS PWM converters is suitable for the high power applications employing IGBTs. Among the new family of dc to dc PWM converters, a boost converter was taken as an example and has been analyzed. Design guidelines with a design example are described and verified by experimental results from the 2.5㎾ prototype boost converter operating at 40KHz.