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Still Image Watermarking in the DCT Domain Using the Human Visual System  

Kwon O-Hyung (한국전자통신연구원 디지털방송연구단 방송시스템연구그룹, 서강대학교 전자공학과)
Park Rae-Hong (서강대학교 전자공학과, 서강대학교 바이오 융합기술 협동과정)
Publication Information
The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences / v.30, no.12C, 2005 , pp. 1214-1221 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a digital watermarking method for still images, in which the human visual system (HVS) is used in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the HVS model is employed to increase the invisibility of the inserted watermark in images. The proposed watermarking method is shown to be robust to several common image processing techniques, including lowpass filtering and cropping. Also, using the energy relationship of the DCT, we derive the equation that directly computes the watermark weighting factor in the DCT domain for the specified peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the still image and the length of watermark to be inserted. The difference between desired PSNR and PSNR in spatial domain is within 0.07dB for the 7 test images.
Keywords
Watermark; DCT; Watermark weighting factor; Human visual system; Modulation transfer function;
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