• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.817-823
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• 2009

We investigated the effects of storage temperature and packaging treatment on the freshness of high-quality 'Fuji' apples to improve consumer confidence in the maintenance of high fruit quality during distribution. A 0.35 mm-deep PET tray form-sealed with a 0.05 mm LDPE film lid was developed and tested with the aim of optimizing gas composition within the package headspace to utilize potential modified atmosphere (MA) storage to maintain the freshness of apples. Weight loss, color difference, firmness, respiration rate, gas concentrations in packages, acidity, solid soluble content, and fruit decay rate were measured during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. The results showed that respiration rate, weight loss, color difference, and firmness were lower and overall quality better during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ compared with $25^{\circ}C$. Also, the fruits packed in the functional tray form showed a low level of quality changes compared with the control (no packaging). The accumulated gasconcentrations in the headspace of the packages decreased from 21% to 12% $O_2$ and increased from 0% to 5% $CO_2$ (v/v) on day 7, and after remained at those levels thereafter. Soluble solid contents and total acidities of the packaged fruits were in the range of $11\;-\;14^{\circ}Brix$ and 0.2 0.3% during storage. Decay rates in the control and packaged fruits were more than 20% and less than 10% at 3 weeks, respectively. Based on the standard acceptable level (less than 10%) of total weight loss, it could be estimated that the shelf life of top-quality fruits packed in functional trays was 3 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$ and 16 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$, whereas the shelf life of the control fruit was 1 week and 12 weeks, respectively. For the top-quality fruit "Fuji" apples, the best results were obtained with a functional tray form for packaging treatment and a storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.478-486
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• 2017

To find the effect of packaging materials(LDPE $60{\mu}m$, Ceramic $30{\mu}m$ and $60{\mu}m$) to enhance the shelf-life of de-astringent persimmon, the fruits used were the astringent persimmons of "Cheongdobansi" and astringency was removed in $CO_2$. De-astringent persimmon were stored in MA for 140 days at $5^{\circ}C$. During storage, the concentration of oxygen was decreased to 5.2%, while the concentration of carbon dioxide was increased to 5.2% from 18 days. But the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide was maintained at a constant concentration until the end of storage. The rate of weight loss was gradually decreases for the storage time elapsed and has better in ceramic $60{\mu}m$ packaging than other packaging materials. Fruit hardness and color value were well maintained in ceramic $60{\mu}m$ packaging. Tannin content and soluble solid were not significant difference among the packaging conditions. Ethanol and acetaldehyde content were decreased during early period of storage and then increased. As a result of objective analysis, de-astringent persimmon storage in ceramic $60{\mu}m$ was more effective than other storage conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.901-908
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• 2014

Blueberries and strawberries are highly perishable and easily contaminated with microorganisms. To maintain the quality of these commodities during refrigerated storage, the effects of two packaging materials as well as passive modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of blueberries and strawberries were investigated. The harvested blueberries and strawberries were first treated with combined non-thermal treatment of aqueous chlorine dioxide and fumaric acid, followed by packaging with polyolefin film (6,000 mL $O_2/m^2{\cdot}24hr{\cdot}atm$ at $24^{\circ}C$) and polyamide/polyamide/polyethylene film (PA/PA/PE, 60 mL $O_2/m^2{\cdot}24hr{\cdot}atm$ at $24^{\circ}C$), respectively. After combined sanitizer treatment, the populations of total aerobic bacteria in blueberries and strawberries were reduced by 2.50 and 1.97 log CFU/g while those of yeast and molds were reduced by 1.95 and 2.18 log CFU/g, respectively, compared with the control. In particular, microbial growth in these samples packed with PA/PA/PE film was reduced during refrigerated storage. In addition, the blueberries and strawberries packed with PA/PA/PE film underwent lower weight loss than those packed with polyolefin film during storage. These results suggest that appropriate packaging with proper gas permeability is necessary to maintain the quality of blueberries and strawberries during refrigerated storage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-166
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be abundant in the leaves and roots of ginseng. Ginseng sprouts can be used as a fresh vegetable and roots, stems, and leaves of ginseng can be consumed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide treatment and the modified atmosphere (MA) packaging method in suppressing quality deterioration during the distribution of ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results: Ginseng sprouts were packed using Styrofoam, barrier film + non gas treatment, barrier film + gas treatment, 15 ㎛ polyamide (PA) double film + non gas treatment, 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment, 25 ㎛ PA film + non gas treatment, or 25 ㎛ PA film + gas treatment. Quality parameters including gas composition, relative humidity, chlorophyll SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, firmness, and rate of quality loss in ginseng sprouts were monitored at the following temperatures: 20℃, and 10℃. Ginseng sprouts packaged with 25 ㎛ PA film showed loss in quality because of wilting owing to low relative humidity within the film. Chlorophyll and firmness did not differ between film and gas treatments. The time point at which the combined loss from softening and decay owing to fungal, and bacterial infection and wilt reached 20% was considered the limit of distribution. At 20℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit or up to 7 days was 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. At 10℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit for up to 18 days were barrier film + gas treatment and 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. Conclusions: The film packaging suitable for the distribution of ginseng sprouts was found to be the barrier film and PA film with low gas permeability and maintaining hygroscopicity at 95% relative humidity. To prevent the loss in quality of ginseng sprouts, gas treatment (8% of O₂ and 18% of CO₂) in the film was found to be more suitable than no gas treatment for inhibition of decay.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

This study was conducted to determine effects of precooling and storage methods on asparagus spears' quality such as changes of fresh weight and color during simulated export distribution. Two types of precooling methods, air cooling and hydrocooling, were applied prior to packaging by comparing with no precooling as a control. Asparagus spears were packed with oxygen transmission rate (OTR) film for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and perforated (PF) film for a conventional packaging. All treatments were stored at $8^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours, and subsequently at $4^{\circ}C$ by final storage day, which is simulated distribution temperature condition from Yanggu, Korea to Shimonoseki, Japan. The half cooling time was 12 minutes for air cooling and 15 seconds for the hydrocooling, indicating precooling process of asparagus spears faster with the hydrocooling. Rates of respiration and ethylene production were lowest with hydrocooling. Fresh weight loss was higher, approximately 11%, at the control condition in conventional storage, compared with the MAP, less than 0.5%. Carbon dioxide and oxygen content in the MAP was in the permissible ranges for asparagus spears under recommended CA/MA conditions under both the air cooling and hydrocooling. Ethylene content in the film package was lower with the precooling treatment. Firmness of stems was lowest with the hydrocooling prior to the MAP. Visual quality, off-odor, and hue angle value were best with hydrocooling prior to the MAP. In conclusion, the combination of hydrocooling with the MAP is effective in preserving quality during the export distribution process.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effect of two type of ceramic film(15% SiO$_2$ incorporated LDPE, 10% zeolite incorporated LDPE), perforated film and LDPE film on freshness of shiitake mushroom, weight loss, surface color and marketability of mushroom were measured during MA storage at 5 $\^{C}$ and 20$\^{C}$. The effect of packaging films on weight loss and marketability index of shiitake mushroom at 20$\^{C}$ was negligible due to its rapid physiological changes. However, the effect of packaging films on surface color of shiitake mushroom was significant at 20$\^{C}$ storage, but not at 5$\^{C}$ storage. During MA storage of shiitake mushroon, discoloration were reduced effectively by ceramic films and weight loss were by LDPE film, but they had little difference between packaging 51ms. However, there were significant differences among the packaging films in marketability of mushroom induced by water vapor inside package and accelerate its spoilage and browning. Ceramic film(15% SiO$_2$ incorporated LDPE) showed best result to maintain marketability of shiitake mushroom and zeolite incorporated film, perforated film, LDPE film in order.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.119-123
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• 2013

Simplified control logic was devised to fabricate and operate the modified atmosphere (MA) container of fresh produce equipped with gas-diffusion tube whose opening/closing was controlled in response to real time $O_2$ concentration. This is a simplified ramification of the previously developed control logic using both $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentrations ([$O_2$] & [$CO_2$]). The developed logic was applied to and tested by a container system filled with spinach at $10^{\circ}C$ having optimum MA window of [$O_2$] of 7~10% and [$CO_2$] of 5~10%. It was shown that setting the proper on-off limit (11%) for $O_2$ control based on the assumed relationship $[O_2]+[CO_2]$=21% could attain the desired $CO_2$ concentration just below the upper tolerance limit ($[CO_2]_H$, 10%). The $O_2$ control point can be the lower tolerance limit or adjusted one (21-$[CO_2]_H$) depending on the commodity's MA requirement. The developed logic using single $O_2$ sensor could attain the equilibrated [$O_2$] of 11% with [$CO_2$] of 8~9% which was desired and similar to that of its predecessor ([$O_2$] of 9~10% with [$CO_2$] of 10%) using both $O_2$ and $CO_2$ sensors. Both MA containers (one only with single $O_2$ sensor control and one with $O_2$ and $CO_2$ sensors) could also keep the spinach quality without significant difference between them, but significantly better than perforated control package of air.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2017

We have studied the technology to extend the storage period of 'Seolhyang' strawberries using modified atmosphere package (MAP) and ethyl pyruvate (EP) treatment for domestic distribution and export. The selected ripe strawberries harvested on December 28, 2016 at the Sancheong farmhouse were transported to the laboratory for 2 h and tested. After a day's precooling at $4^{\circ}C$, the strawberries were divided into seven experimental groups. These groups were control, active MAP using low density polyethylene (LDPE), active MAP using polyamide (PA), active MAP using PA with EP treatment, passive MAP using LDPE, passive MAP using PA and passive MAP using PA with EP treatment. Quality analysis was carried out every 4 days during the storage period of 16 days. During the storage period of 16 days, MAP decreased from 3.5% to less than 1.1% in weight loss ratio compared with control, and decreased from 36% to less than 7% in fungal incidence. In the case of fungi in the EP treatment group, hyphae did not grow on the outside of the strawberry but grew to the inside. This tendency was similar to that in the low oxygen and high carbon dioxide environment of the MAP, the mycelium of the fungus did not grow outside of the strawberry. Fungi are the biggest problem in the distribution and export of strawberries, and these results suggest that MAP alone could inhibit mold and increase shelf life.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 2000

Grapes(Vitis labruscana B) were fumigated with acetic acid at 20mg/liter to reduce storage decay and packaged with polyethylene film(0.03mm), then stored for 90 days at 2$^{\circ}C$. Modified atmosphere packaging reduced slightly weight loss and soluble solids content during storage. Acetic acid fumigation decreased effectively berry shattering and achieved remarkable control of rotting for storage. Two grape cultivars, 'Campbell Early' and 'Sheridan', fumigated with acetic acid had only 0.7~2.9 berries rot compared with 8.3~27.6 berries rot of cluster for grapes that were not fumigated.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.655-665
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• 2014

The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on kohlrabi (Brassica olerace L. gongulodes group)'s quality and antioxidant molecule during storage was examined to determine the optimal film package for maintaining freshness. To extend shelf life, MAP was tested using PE $50{\mu}m$ and oriented polypropylene (OPP) films with oxygen transmission rate (OTR) at 3,000, 10,000, $15,000mL/m^2/day/atm$. The OPP film packaging with modified oxygen transmission rate showed a delay in a weight loss and extended storage period. The package with OTR 3000 attained the desired gas composition of $O_2$ 3.2-6.7 kPa and $CO_2$ 13.1-19.8 kPa, in storage at room temperature. Kohlrabi stored in this package showed the lowest weight loss and the highest visual quality. Deterioration and off-odor were developed more rapidly in PE $50{\mu}m$ towards the end of the storage at room temperature. However, there are no differences among OTR films in visual quality and off-odor until 60 days at cold storage. Vitamin C content of kohlrabi was reduced rapidly in OTR 15000 with high transmission rate and showed less loss in PE $50{\mu}m$ and OTR 3000 in both room temperatures and cold storage. Results revealed that an OPP film with OTR 3000 extended the shelf life of kohlrabi in storage with maintained quality and vitamin C.