• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.124-134
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• 2011

The space has been interpreted from various perspectives, such as hierarchical, cultural, economic, political factors, etc. So we can see the space as a social existence. Space is now being formed through the dialectical relations of these elements. From this point of view, this study started to research the spatial practice of morden people through the case in the early 20th century film. With the discourse of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey, and Michel de Certeau's theory, this research tried to find the mechanisms of spatial practice. Also Benjamin is a philosopher who intervenes the relationship between modernity and cultural production and his way of reading cultural phenomena seems to serve as the useful methodology of cultural studies. Modern people were individual unawared of the era, awakened to the ego. They were wandering the room and the street, private and public places. They were city dwellers walking around, collecting goods, and living of everyday life. Spatial practice is a fixed activity and have continuity. spatial practice appeared in the early 20th century film is at the intersection of social practices and the practice of everyday life. Social practices are a fixed practice and continuous practice. The practices of everyday life are nomadic practice and amusable practice. Modern people accommodate and adapt to a given space of the city through fixed practice. They realizes the access and the distance from spaces through continuous practice. They select and approved the spaces through nomadic practice. And they possess exclusively and utilize the spaces through amusable practice. Through These research spatial practices, it could easily found similarities and differences between modern space on the early 20th century and contemporary space of 21st century. True modern is not the past but the present.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.7-22
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• 2007

In San Francisco, two new museums were recently built in 1995 and 2005. The one is San Francisco Museum of Modern Art designed by Mario Botta and the other is De Young Museum designed by Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron. The urban settings for the museums are compared with each other and theories of the architects are evolved on different branches in the modernist trends. The theories and settings are followed by the representation in the forms, facades, interior spaces and towers. SFMOMA is located on the SoMa area, which was recently developed into a cultural urban core with Moscone Center and Buena Yerba Garden. De Young Museum was rebuilt in the old museum site in the Golden Gate Park. The one is on the context of urban artefacts and the other on the context of natural artefacts. To Botta, the museum in today's city plays a role analogous to that of the cathedral of yesterday. It is a place of common encounter and confrontation. The volume of SFMOMA which is geometrical and symmetric with double pylons. The frontality on the street and public green open space and the axiality of SFMOMA runs through the Buena Yerba Garden over Buena Yerba Center for the Arts are reminded us of an urban core with a religious monument and a city square. The staircase with grandiose design in the atrium seems to work as an altar with lighting from skylight above enhancing the liturgical ambiance. De Young Museum is shaped in a rectangle with long narrow courtyards. Three bands of volumes are juxtaposed and the nature flows into the museum corridors and galleries. The tower is distorted so as to be aligned to the street grids of the surrounding area. The copper panel of De Young Museum and natural context evoke modern concept of "machine in the garden". The two museums from different pedigrees of Modern Architecture are now major landmarks of SF and urban expressions for the 21st century.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2018

This study sought to interpret the Ya-Aeng (夜櫻) from the viewpoint of urban society, focusing on the occurrence of the Ya-Aeng at Changgyeongwon (昌慶苑) in the modern city of Kyungsung. When the Ya-Aeng started in the 1920s, the social aspects of Kyungsung were in a transitional period from the traditional to the modern. The social modernization of Kyungsung has had a dramatic impact on the Ya-Aeng as a part of the city culture. Using the concept of 'phantasmagoria', which was widespread in Kyungsung society and the Ya-Aeng, this study has established three implications of the Ya-Aeng. First, Kyungsung's phantasmagoria appeared in the form of crowds, spectacles, and experiences. This study suggests that such interpretation also applies to the Ya-Aeng. This means that the capitalism-controlled modern society on one hand and the Ya-Aeng on the other had the same mechanism. Therefore, the Ya-Aeng, as modern city culture, becomes a miniature version of Kyungsung and a modern commodity world in itself. Second, the fact that phantasmagoria is a major element of the landscape of the Ya-Aeng means that there is a special way of seeing. For modern subjects, the phantasmagoria of the Ya-Aeng has acted as a learning mechanism for a modern way of seeing. Third and finally, the phantasmagoria of the Ya-Aeng was an illusion to encourage the continued consumption of this culture and at the same time, forget about the capitalism-controlled urban culture. At this time, capitalism was dominated by the influence of Japanese imperialism. The significance of this study lies in that it expands the idea of the Ya-Aeng from the events inside Changgyeongwon into the urban culture, which is a projection of modern urban society. In addition, where the Ya-Aeng in the past had been regarded as a decadent and poor-quality spring celebration in comparison to the traditional spring celebration, this study proposes a new point of view for the Ya-Aeng in an urban social context.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2010

Modernization of cities and housing in Malaysia is a reflection of the history of the establishment of colonial trading ports for worldwide maritime trade and exchange. In cosmopolitan cities, new housing typology appeared from the influence of various ethnic immigrants and with the fusion of traditional Malay housing characteristics. This study is to focus on classifying the housing typologies of Malaysia which were formed through the modernization process of cities. The typologies of modern housing in Malaysia can be classified into two categories. The first category is the 'transformation of traditional housing'. The representative typology of this group is the ubiquitous shophouse. The shophouse was originally brought in by the Chinese immigrants from the south coast of China and transformed into the Malaysian urbanscape. The other typology is a detached-house known as the bungalo, which was the housing style combining the Malay traditional timber house and European palazzo. The second category is the 'modern urban housing typology'. Modern urbanization after the independence from the British in 1957 required the maximum utilization of land. To accommodate new social and economic needs, the new typologies were developed in the form of medium-density terrace houses (row houses) and high-density apartment. In the suburban areas, the British terrace house was adopted and developed into unique Malaysian terrace house and semi-detached house based on the British system of land sub division. In premium area of the city, luxurious housing type in the form of high-end condominium is one of the popular housing for upper middle-class and high-class society.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.67-76
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• 2001

This Study is about the tradition of Organic Medievalism expressed in Modern Architecture. The concept of Medievalism is an attitude to revive the social and physical settings on the Middle Ages. The Organic Medievalism in Modern Architecture was to be explained as the two tendencies; one was toward the rational structural logic of the medieval architecture being re-interpreted into the Modern Architecture and the other was toward the organic and fantastic shape of the Modern Architecture, closely connected with nature-friendly and organic shape of medieval city and buildings. The structural logic of the medieval architecture became systematized by the French architects, Viollet-le-Duc and Auguste Choisy. The principle has been applied to the design of the Art Nouveau, Louis Kahn and so-called the High-Tech Architecture creating the aesthetics of its own by exposing the building structure. The other was used as the elements to represent the characteristics of the Art Nouveau architects, and then served as the background of the creation of the avant-garde architecture of Germany. The ideal has been serving as the great idealistic fundamentals by the so-called Archigram and Deconstruction at the late half of the 20th century.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2013

Recently, the application of High-Power mechanized tunnelling technology has been expended around the world. Especially, High-power Modern TBM machines are used in a successful results. Essential for the great success of this modern TBM in difficult rock conditions are based on the development of machine power, suitable better cutter developments, and also developed assesment technology regards on the extensive site investigations. OPP (Owner Procurement Process) system is a proven alternative contract delivery method that is potentially applicable to many tunnel projects. Using the OPP, the owner specifies and procures the TBMs and tunnel lining in advance of the tunnel contract procurement and provides TBM to a tunnel contractor with a goals of reducing project risks and accelerating project schedule. Depending on the blasting vibrations and noises, mechanized tunnelling will be more important particularly in city areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

In modern society, the competition between cities than the competition between countries has been important in general. This kind of a new paradigm has spread worldwide. As a result, public design, naturally, have emreged one of the major trends to get the competitive of city. A lot of public design studies and case study have been published, especially in the city area. But there is not any kind of result public study in local and rural areas. So, for the purpose of revitalizing public design, this study is to propose the public design execution plan and execution plan elements that give the competitiveness of local city and rural areas.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.885-888
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• 2007

As the development of the city, Emphasis the important characteristic of the such city which has the symbolic building and the diverse squares, In addition, Emphasis the Importance of the public art, Designated 9 examples which Media Artist and Design team who have the world famous, designed Interactive Media Art which applies flexibly in city public space. In view of these representation works, make the 7 Projects: Object, Interest enticement, Interactive, Place regional characteristic, Esthetics characteristic, Industry, Medium, Equipment as the datum, to analysis the Interactive media art characteristic of the modern public space.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2005

In the modern city in which the high-density and complex land use is needed, high-rise residential-commercial buildings appeared as a scheme to arrange a metropolitan residence with multiple high-techs and to induce activation of the city with leading the settled population to flow into the city. And the need of the times is to actively apply the eco-friendly notion to the architecture. In this study, the works of Ken Yeang who is regarded as an eco-friendly architect to make high-rise residential-commercial buildings ecological should be focused on with analyses of eco-friendly characteristics in inside, intersection between inside and outside, and outside of his works. The result o the study would be the suggestion to design eco-friendly high-rise buildings which make the city rise in quality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Contradictions often occur between the process of urban modernization and protection of history and culture, which have become the topics of current studies. The development of a city has its past, present and future while history and culture have their continued process. Culture is the sediment of history, left among buildings and merged in life. Exerting a subtle influence on the construction of a city and behaviors of citizens, culture is very important to the urban construction and is also the soul of a city and its buildings. Culture is closely bound up with inhabitants' life and the key to protect well the cultural features is to protect well historical and cultural venues. Qushuiyuan Garden is a venue for local folklore activities. The programming holds that folklore, historical and humane sceneries should be protected and left to our coming generations.