• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2019

칭다오의 근대 도시계획은 20세기 초 독일 식민시기 부터 시작되었다. 당시 독일인들은 칭다오 계획에서 근대 도시계획 기법과 도시 건설 기준을 채택했다. 비록 독일 식민시기 이후에도 칭다오의 도시계획은 일본 점령시기와 중화민국 자치정부 시기를 거치면서 도시 계획이 끊임없이 바뀌는 과정을 겪기는 하였으나, 초기 독일인들에 의해 수립된 도시계획의 기본 골격은 지속적으로 유지되었다. 이러한 측면에서 칭다오의 도시계획 발전사는 여러 관점에서 높은 연구 가치를 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 칭다오의 도시 계획적 특징을 시기별로 구분하여 특징을 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 청도 식민시대의 도시계획에 대한 시간 구분을 실시하였다. 시기별 역사적 배경을 결합하여 각종 문헌 자료를 분석하다. 또한 표를 통해 시기별 도시계획 도면 자료등을 정리하여 칭다오 근대 도시계획의 발전의 변화를 뚜렷이 표현하였다. 본 논문은 칭다오 현재 도시계획 분석을 위한 풍부한 기초 자료를 제공 할 것이다. 본 논문은 총 3장으로 구성된다. 제1장은 서론으로 연구 목적과 범위를 서정하여 제2장은 식민시기 칭다오의 도시계획의 과정을 분석하였다. 제3장에서 특징을 정리하여 결론을 맺다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

The compositions of ethnic groups in Macau vary with time. Prior to the opening of the port, the majority of the residents in Macau were Chinese people, including those living on land and at sea. After the port was opened, with the increase of Portugal businessmen and missionaries, the population was divided into Chinese people and foreigners (so-called 'Yiren' or 夷人 in Chinese). Chinese people living on land were mainly of Hakka, Fujian, and Cantonese descent. Those living at sea were referred to as 'Tanka People' (named 'Danmin' or 蜑民in Chinese). They lived on floating boats for their entire lives and were similar to the 'drifters' in Japan. Since modern times, many refugees from mainland China and Southeast Asia flooded into Macau due to warfare. The development of industrialization required a larger number of laborers, and some 'coolies' entered Macau in legal or illegal ways, making it a multi-ethnic city. However, the Tanka people were not considered a minority ethnic group under the national ethnic policy of 56 ethnic groups since they did not have an exclusive language and shared dialects in different regions. As the ports inhabited by Tanka people gradually restored foreign trade, the boats and stilt houses used by Tanka people were dismantled to expand the infrastructure area of the ports. Many Tanka people began to live on land and marry people on land, leading to the disappearance of the Tanka group in Macau. The fishing boats and stilt houses used by Tanka people have also disappeared, with only a few remaining in areas such as Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong. This paper examines the natural and social environment of Tanka people in Macau from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, as well as the adaptive changes they adopted for the aforementioned environment in terms of living space and architectural type, on the basis of summarizing the historical activities of Tanka people. Finally, this study provides a layout plan and interior structure of the most commonly used boat for Tanka people from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, with the use of CAD and other technical software, along with reference to written historical documentation, and provides a case study for further research on the architectural history of Macau's inner harbor cities, from anthropological and folklore perspectives.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2013

This study focuses on the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces by the local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western cities. The analysis targets the discourse of the urban street which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. Based on the analysis, we define the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul. Firstly, in 1960's and 1970's, 'urban reconstruction' was intensively carried out for the country modernization, and 'vehicle preferred street expansion' resulted in damages to historical inheritance, in-humanized street, and cultural uniformity. 1980's and 1990's would be defined as 'politic acceptance of plural values to the urban street.' There were the Olympic Games held in Seoul in 1988, which were the celebrations of the 600th capital establishment and the autonomous local government system. In the meanwhile, diverse values on the urban street were discussed in terms of globalization. There also were the self-reflection for the urban skyscrapers and high-population rate, the cultural uniformity of urban street, and the commercialization in downtown with urban reconstruction plans. Then, the sense of landscape and amenity was focused. Various urban projects and regulations were held according to the changes of value recognition. 2000's can be defined as 'introduction to the organic integration and the urban public design governance.' In the 21st century, types of recognition have changed significantly, which include publicness, humanism, sustainability, symbolism, artistry, placeness, and communication. They cause the establishment of ordinances and the installation of integrated organization via urban design administration. The legislation has been revised in order to support the various methods for the maintenance and operation of urban landscape in terms of local characteristics. New regulations were established for residents to participate in the processes of the urban planning with street design policy.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2006

This essay studies local design style in globalization era through investigation of the restaurants which are located at suburb of big cities in Korea. All regional memory and history is disappeared in 'The world time' and world design style in globalization era. Thus to study local design means to study the history of certain region and the memory of the people who lives in that area and how they represent their past and memory. Post colonial theory, everyday aesthetics and the way of using past and memory are preresearched for the theoretical background. Post colonial theory is discourse for the countries which have the experience of colonialism. History and memory are used for defining present political, social, economical and cultural situation. In this essay, the way using past and memory were classified in three dimension - by government, company, and individuals. The past which is represented by government is conceptual and defined as only sign without on going history. When it is represented by company, it is also uses as a sign and imitation without contextual meaning. However, when the past is used by individuals, it is alive in daily life. This essay argues that those restaurants which have the style of 'the Koreaness' symbolize the suppressed desire to represent the lost past and memory which are forced to be exduded during the colonial period and fast modern development. And the design style can be defined as epic design, for it has it's own main character, story, memory and plot too. This word 'epic' imply the main point of local design style. In conclusion, this essay will ask the role of design in the country which has colonial memory in globalization era.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.45-50
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• 2006

About 50% of the population and 75% of the properties concentrate on the flood plain in Japan. The rivers have intimate relationship with our lives. Those conditions have been seen after modern river improvement projects that began about a century ago. The technology which was introduced from foreign countries was improved in conformity with geographical features and the climate condition of our nation, and has redeveloped as a Japanese original technology. In 1940's, Japan had serious natural disasters that were caused by large- scale typhoons. Those typhoons wiped out everything completely. Even though the government realized the importance of flood control and management after those natural disasters, civil work still aimed to economic development. Those construction works have become the one of factors for concentrating population and degrading natural environment in urban areas. Deterioration of river environment has become serious issue in urban development and main cause of pollution. The approaches for environmental restorations which were started about 30 years ago aimed to harmonize with nature environment and cities and human lives. There have been going on many projects called 'river environmental improvement projects', the 'nature friendly river works' and 'natural restoration projects.' The society has tried to find a way to live in harmony with nature. As for societies symbiotic with habitats will form the safe country in the history and the spectacle. Such as the symbiotic of the river or the basin where discharge, water quality, nature, the history, landscape, the local society and also for culture were built in is achieved. Examples of working, applied to restoration technologies and the one to describe the mechanism construction are been shown in the paper. Furthermore, write for an international spread of the river technology of Japan to attempt.

• 복식
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2011

Public uniforms play an important role in creating the color and image of urban environment beyond the level of simple working clothes for unity and practicality. Hence this study aims to compare and analyze the color characteristics and images of the police officer, fire fighter, and street cleaner uniforms at home and abroad to guarantee the wearer's safety, increase convenience and agreeability, and give emotional satisfaction to citizens in harmony with urban environment color as public uniforms. For study methods, literature review investigated urban environment, color, and uniforms as public design. Empirical study extracted color data from the public worker uniforms of the world's top 20 cities selected by 'Newsweek' in 2010 and analyzed their colors, tones, and color images. The results of this study are as follows. The most common color for police uniforms were PB(dk) as the main color, PB(p) as the sub color, and Wh as the accent color. For fire fighter uniforms, PB(dkg) was the most common main color; GY(v), as the sub color; and ItGy, as the accent color. The most common color for street cleaner uniforms was YR(v) as the main color; GY(v), as the sub color; and mGy, as the accent color. As a result of analyzing color images of these uniforms, it was found that police uniforms commonly used a modern image; fire fighter uniforms commonly used a natural image and a cool casual image; and street cleaner uniforms commonly used a casual image. As examined above, the color of public uniforms suitable for urban environment and job characteristics is very important to establish the image of public institutions, as well as to create an urban image.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제9호
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• pp.195-215
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• 2010

Alberti's De re aedificatoria is the earliest case in the history of Italian Renaissance architectural treatises dealing with recovery of antiquity through textual and archaeological pursuits. The key source of the Renaissance theoreticians was Vitruvius' De architectura. However, Alberti was keenly aware of inaccuracy and Hellenization of Latinity in this classical text, and tried to compensate them in his own treatise. Furthermore he claimed a reformed discipline of the architects as well as the patrons, and prescribed how future buildings and cities should be built, based on the proper authority of ancient architecture in proper and intelligible Latin. Such an adaptation of classical usage in order to reestablish a modern norm preceded in his earlier work Momus, a satire on the contemporary Italian society of his own by following the model of Lucian. Alberti's suggestion of proper government in Momus's phrase was expanded in De re aedificatoria, for he consider the buildings are subject to the rules of morality and public interests. He proclaimed that the nature of beauty is the reasoned harmony of every part within a body, and architectural beauty also lies on the harmonized arrangement of all the elements within an individual building and of all individual buildings and facilities within a city. For the architects to execute this task, he formulated the concept of lineanenta, the form derived from the mind in order to prescribe the proper place, numbers, scale, and orders for whole building structure. It is the future oriented city-plans and building designs to serve the public interest and the good of all the individual citizens who make up the City-State that Alberti pursued in his treatise.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2014

To understand the relationship between road-traffic noise and urban components such as population, building, road-traffic and land-use, the city of Cheongju that already has road-traffic noise maps of daytime and nighttime was selected for this study. The whole area of the city is divided into square cells of a uniform size and for each cell, the urban components are estimated. A spatial representative noise level for each cell is determined by averaging out population-weighted facade noise levels for noise exposure population within the cell during nighttime. The relationship between the representative noise level and the urban components is statistically modeled at the cell level. Specially, we introduce a spatial auto regressive model and a spatial error model that turns out to explain above 85 % of the noise level. These findings and modeling methods can be used as a preliminary tool for environmental planning and urban design in modern cities in consideration of noise exposure.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.281-292
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• 2006

현대 도시공간은 단순주거환경에서 문화, 복지, 환경을 포괄하는 다기능 충족공간으로 급격하게 패러다임이 변화하고 있으며, 이러한 요구에 따라 문화적 이미지의 가치 창출에 대한 필요성과 질적인 성장관리가 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 복합공간개발계획에 있어 문화콘텐츠를 개발 도입한 성공사례의 연구 분석을 통해 각 개발 사례별로 문화콘텐츠영역을 추출하여 문화콘텐츠와 공간이 어떻게 연계되어 새로운 복합문화공간으로 조성될 수 있는지 살펴본다 또한 각 개발사례별 PM(Project management)과 PMr (Project Manager)의 범위와 역할에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 통합적이고 체계적인 관리시스템의 중요성을 인식한다. 따라서 이러한 PM과 PMr의 타당성에 대한 인식과 더불어 다양한 복합문화공간개발에 있어서 통합적 계획과 관리시스템으로 가장 효과적인 방법인 PM의 적용이 향후 복합공간개발의 질적인 향상을 가능하게 하는 새로운 대안의 기반이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2008

The main objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of achromatic & chromatic color coordination of contemporary female fashion by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' of four collections (i. e. cities) - Paris, Milan, New York, London - from the periods of 2002 S/S to 2006/7 A/W. The data was collected by reviewing 'pre-a-porter Collections' magazine and total 677 observations were made. Statistical analysis of frequency and also qualitative interpretation of achromatic & chromatic color coordination characteristics were completed. The main findings were; (1) The achromatic & chromatic color coordination was identified as one of most used color coordination in contmeporary women's fashion collections. (2) Black and white mainly used for achromatic color, and brown used the most often, then followed by blue, red, yellow, green and the others for chromatic color in achromatic & chromatic coordination of contmeporary women's fashion collections. (3) The characteristics of achromatic & chromatic color coordination of modern women's fashion collections from 2002 S/S to 2006/07 A/W showed various images according to chromatic colors and tone variation. The combination of achromaticand brown color variations produced an intelligent and sophisticated image. The soft or light chromatic color and chromatic color combination projected soft, feminine and subtle feeling, while the combination of vivid or strong chromatic color and achromatic color projected a clean and strong feeling through contrasting tones of clear and bright colors. The chromatic color of deep or dark tone and black combination demonstrated supernatural and gloomy image. (4)In all four collections, Paris showed most use of two color coordination and then followed by Milan, N.Y, and London. N.Y showed higher rate of using achromatic & chromatic color coordination, and then followed by Paris, London and Milan.