• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.622-627
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• 1994

Conducting solid samples are successfully analyzed with the spark ablation combined to the moderate power (500W) Helium Microwave Induced Plasma (He MIP). The relative standard deviations are in the range of 3-10% and the detection limits are around 50 ${\mu}$g $g^-1$. These values are higher than those of Ar MIP or Ar Inductively Coupled Plasma. Spark ablated particles are examined to investigate the analytical characteristics of the system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.973-977
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• 2002

The pharmacokinetic of paclitaxel (1 mg/kg, i.v.) was investigated in rabbits with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of paclitaxel was significantly (p<0.01) increased in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($1364.54{\pm}382.07$ ng/ml$\cdot$hr) compared to that of normal rabbits ($567.52{\pm}141.88$ ng/ml$\cdot$hr), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($803.1{\pm}208.81$ ng/ml$\cdot$hr). The volume of distribution (Vd) (6.25$\pm$1.56 L) and the elimination rate constant($\beta$) ($0.09{\pm}0.025{\;}hr^{-1}$) of paclitaxel in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits were significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to those of normal rabbits ($11.65<{\pm}2.91$L, $0.12{\pm}0.030{\;}hr^{-1}$), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($9.46{\pm}2.37$ L, $0.10{\pm}0.026{\;}hr^{-1}$). Total body clearance ($CL_t$) of paclitaxel in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($0.733{\pm}0.183$ L/hr/kg) was significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared to that of normal rabbits ($1.762{\pm}0.440$ L/hr/kg), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($1.245{\pm}0.311$ L/hr/kg). The half-life(t1/2) of paclitaxel in severe carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($7.71{\pm}2.16$ hr) was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to that of normal rabbits ($5.75{\pm}1.44$hr), but not significantly in moderate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic failure rabbits ($6.77{\pm}1.76$hr). This results could be due to inhibition of paclitaxel metabolism in liver disorder rabbits since paclitaxel is essentially metabolized in liver. The findings suggest that the dosage regimen of paclitaxel should be adjusted when the drug would be administered in patients with liver disorder in a clinical situation.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2006

1. Objectives Sasang Constitutional Medicine is based on difference of Nature & Emotion(性情). The mind is held in high value to characteristics of each constitution's symptoms and prescriptions. This study is for psychotheraphy with Herbal medicines, Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods Comparing with ${\ulcorner}$DongYi Soose Bowon Gabobon${\Ircorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$DongYi Soose Bowon ShinChukbon${\Ircorner}$, we research the principle of human's organization which is connected with their talent and will. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) Sasang Constitutional Medicine consider human being more than disease in medical science. A Human being works up to take a reasonable in modern societies, as making friends, a practice of his daily life, mentality. (2) Psychotheraphy is as important as each constitution's symptoms and prescriptions on clinical medicine (3) Taeyangin should be moderate when expressing their sorrow & anger(哀怒) and take a step backward for a real purpose(恒心). (4) Soyangin should be moderate when expressing their sorrow & anger(哀怒) and watch the interior for a real purpose(恒心). (5) Taeumin should be moderate when expressing their happiness & pleasantness(喜樂) and watch the exterior for a real purpose(恒心). (6) Soeumin should be moderate when expressing their happiness & pleasantness(喜樂) and go one step forward for a real purpose(恒心).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to find the factors affecting the academic education satisfaction of social entrepreneurs, and to analyse the moderate variable such as the study motivation among the factors. These factors includes the curriculum, the education management, the education facilities, the characteristics of instructors and the study motivation. To do this end, this study set up the research questionnaire from the study of Houle (1961) and Hyun and Kim (2010), and did the moderate regression analysis to test the hypothesis that the academic motivation can do as the moderate variable while affecting the education satisfaction. The study finds that the factors such as the curriculum, the education management, the education facilities and the characteristics of instructors show the statistically significant test results. Also the study motivation as a moderate variable shows significant result. Thus for educating the social entrepreneurs, the study motivation of them should be deeply considered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1270-1277
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• 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the impact of ewe body condition score (BCS) (over a range of 2.0 to 3.0) and nutritional treatments (consisting of differing herbage masses) during very late pregnancy and lactation and their potential interaction on the performance of twin-bearing ewes and their lambs to weaning. Methods: On day 142 of pregnancy, twin-bearing ewes with a BCS of 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 were allocated to a "Moderate' or 'Unrestricted' nutritional treatment until day 95 of lactation (weaning). The nutritional treatments aimed to achieve average herbage masses of 1,200 to 1,300 kg dry matter (DM)/ha (Moderate) and 1,500 to 1,800 kg DM/ha (Unrestricted). Results: There were no three-way interactions between ewe BCS group, nutritional treatment and time for any ewe or lamb parameter. The nutritional treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on lamb birth or weaning weight. Lambs born to Moderate ewes had greater survival and total litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Regardless of BCS group, Unrestricted treatment ewes had greater body condition and back-fat depth at weaning than Moderate treatment ewes (p<0.05). Ewes of BCS 2.0 group reared lighter lambs to weaning (p<0.05) and tended to have a lower total litter weight (p = 0.06) than BCS 3.0 group ewes. Conclusion: This study suggests farmers should aim to have all ewes with a BCS of 2.5 or 3 in late pregnancy for optimal lamb weaning performance. Furthermore, there is no benefit to lamb production of offering ewes pasture masses >1,200 kg DM/ha during very late pregnancy and lactation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Most of seismic design code provisions provide the design response spectra for defining design earthquake ground motions. The design spectra in the code provisions generally come under the 5% of critical damping value, which corresponds to the responses of common structure under the design earthquake. Energy dissipation devices and seismic isolation systems became more popular and the design response spectra at higher damping levels are required. Damping coefficients can be effectively used in conversion of 5%-damped design spectra into other damping levels. These coefficients in the current seismic design code provisions are based on the strong ground motion records. Since the weak and moderate earthquake data have different characteristics from those of strong earthquake data, the application of these coefficients should be investigated in the weak and moderate earthquakes zones. In this study, damping coefficients based on the weak and moderate ground motions were developed and compared to those of current seismic design code provisions.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 1996

To assess premenstrual changes in adolescents, a self rating retrospective premenstrual assessment from(PAF) and a prospective daily rating form(DRF) were administered to 230 high school students who reported premenstrual changes. The results were as follows 1) According to typological categories of retrospective premenstrual assessment form, the most commonly reported changes in mood and behavior were major depressive syndrome(40.0%), impulsive syndrome(20.9%). Especially among the subtype of depressive syndrome, hostility feature and withdrawal feature were most frequent. The most commonly reported changes in physical condition were general discomfort(73.5%), fatigue(33.9%). 50.9% of all subjects reported impaired social function. 2) 41.2% of the subjects who met the criteria for typological categories of retrospective premenstrual assessment form were confirmed by prospective daily rating form. 3) According to different criteria of percent change method of assessing symptom change, 38.7% of all subjects had at least one mild premenstrual change and 23.5% had at least one moderate premenstrual change. 4) Using prospective daily rating form, overall psychological changes were confirmed more frequently than physical changes. Of the mild premenstrual changes, 'low energy, tired & weak', 'less or impaired work' were most common changes. Of the moderate premenstrual changes, the most common change was 'low energy, tired & weak'. 5) As attitude toward menstruation, 44.9% of the subjects with confirmed premenstrual changes had more negative attitude(disgusted) toward menstruation. 6) The subjects with confirmed mild or moderate premenstrual changes had only dysphoric mood changes or both physical and dysphoric mood changes, but did not have only physical changes. These results suggest that retrospective reports of premenstrual changes were partially confirmed by daily prospective ratings. A substantial number of adolescents appeared to experience premenstrual changes, and the most common confimed premenstrual change of mild or moderate severity was 'low energy, tired and weak'.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted among patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus who underwent distal chevron osteotomy and groups of patients with or without Akin osteotomy were compared for evaluation of the relationship between their radiological and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to January 2012, among patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus who underwent distal chevron osteotomy at our institution, 28 cases with additional Akin osteotomy and 35 cases without Akin osteotomy available to follow up of more than one year were included in this study. For radiologic evaluation, hallux valgus angle, 1, 2 intermetatarsal angle, and hallux interphalangeal angle were measured before and after surgery. For clinical assessment, visual analogue scale score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score, subjective satisfaction of the patients, and passive range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joints were evaluated. Results: At the final follow up, correction of valgus hallux angle and 1, 2 intermetatarsal angle was obtained from radiation results of both groups and it was found that patients who underwent Akin osteotomy showed radiographically larger angle correction but less subjective satisfaction. Conclusion: Patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus who underwent distal chevron osteotomy showed not only functional but also radiographically satisfactory results, and patients who underwent additional Akin osteotomy showed decreased subjective satisfaction. Therefore, if an incongruent first metatarsophalangeal joint is not observed, distal chevron osteotomy without Akin osteotomy seems preferable.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2017

Objectives We aimed to examine whether mindfulness skills are mediating the improvements of depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders who practiced Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Methods A total of 19 patients with mood disorder were included in this study. The participants were divided into two subgroups: a normal to mild depression group and a moderate depression group. The participants completed questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, suicidal idea, and mindfulness skills which were measured by the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) before and after MBCT course. Results The moderate depression group showed improvements through MBCT in depressive symptoms and suicidal idea, but not in anxiety and quality of life. The normal to mild depression group showed no significant change through MBCT. The improvement of depressive symptoms in the moderate depression group was predictable by improvements of the five facets of mindfulness, especially by 'observe' and 'non-react' components. Conclusions This study showed that currently depressive patients with moderate severity but not with normal to mild severity benefit from MBCT in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal idea. The improvement of depressive symptoms was mediated by improved mindfulness skills through MBCT.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2017

This research was performed to evaluate the level of exposure of buildings to rain in Korea. The impingement of driving rain by wind is evaluated by driving rain index (DRI). Average annual driving rain indexes (AADRI) for 64 stations spread all over Korea have been determined by using the data of wind speed and precipitation obtained from Korea Meteorological Adminstration (KMA). Based on the values, the regions has been classified as low, moderate, and high. No high exposure regions were found in Korea; 22 regions with moderate exposure and 42 regions with low exposure. Although the values are very dependent on climate change, most of Korea except several regions such as Daegwallyeong, Busan, Yeosu, and Jeju island may be evaluated to be the region where exposure of buildings to driving rain is low to moderate.