• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess sperm quality during in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen in order to determine which extender should be used and how extender can be diluted for in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen. Freshly ejaculated miniature-pig's semen was diluted with same volumes of Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS), Androhep, Modena, Mulberry III and modified-Modena extenders. Sperm quality was evaluated by examining viability, motility, abnormality, acrosome intactness, intensity and capacitation status by chlorotetracycline (CTC) staining. Sperm motility decreased with storage period prolonged and differences among BTS, Androhep, Modena and Mulberry III were apparent On Day 1, approximately 80% of the sperm were motile, but motility decreased to $40\%$ at Day 7. During the 7 days of storage, sperm survival in modified-Modena B extender was higher than another extenders. However, it was not differ significantly among other extenders. The percentage of F and B patterns were not differ significantly among the extenders. However, F pattern in modified-Modena B extender was slightly higher until 3 days of storage than that of Modena extender, modified-Modena A extender and modified-Modena C extender. The percentage of AR patterns in modified-Modena B extender was slightly lower, but did not differ significantly among other extenders. The results of present study suggest that modified-Modena B was effective as new extender for in vitro storage of miniature-pig semen.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2021

Vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) are widely employed to reconstruct upper extremity bone defects. Conventional bone grafting is generally used to treat defects smaller than 5-6 cm, when tissue vascularization is adequate and there is no infection risk. Vascularized fibular grafts (VFGs) are mainly used in the humerus, radius or ulna in cases of persistent non-union where traditional bone grafting has failed or for bone defects larger than 6 cm. Furthermore, VFGs are considered to be the standard treatment for large bone defects located in the radius, ulna and humerus and enable the reconstruction of soft-tissue loss, as VFGs can be harvested as osteocutaneous flaps. VBGs enable one-stage surgical reconstruction and are highly infection-resistant because of their autonomous vascularization. A vascularized medial femoral condyle (VFMC) free flap can be used to treat small defects and non-unions in the upper extremity. Relative contraindications to these procedures are diabetes, immunosuppression, chronic infections, alcohol, tobacco, drug abuse and obesity. The aim of our study was to illustrate the use of VFGs to treat large post-traumatic bone defects and osteomyelitis located in the upper extremity. Moreover, the use of VFMC autografts is presented.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.151-159
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• 2022

The aerodynamics of blunt bodies with separation at the sharp corner of the leading edge and reattachment on the body side are particularly important in civil engineering applications. In recent years, a number of experimental and numerical studies have become available on the aerodynamics of a rectangular cylinder with chord-to-thickness ratio equal to 5 (BARC). Despite the interest in the topic, a widely accepted set of guidelines for grid generation about these blunt bodies is still missing. In this work a new, well resolved Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) around the BARC body at Re=3000 is presented and its results compared to previous DNSs of the same case but with different numerical approaches and mesh. Despite the simulations use different numerical approaches, mesh and domain dimensions, the main discrepancies are ascribed to the different grid spacings employed. While a more rigorous analysis is envisaged, where the order of accuracy of the schemes are kept the same while grid spacings are varied alternately along each spatial direction, this represents a first attempt in the study of the influence of spatial resolution in the Direct Numerical Simulation of flows around elongated rectangular cylinders with sharp corners.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.405-410
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• 1998

Boar semen extender Kp (Hankook Life-Science, Korea) was newly formulated by authors. This study was carried out to investigate the optimal concentrations of EDTA, Tris and citrate buffers in the Kp extender (Basic Kp) on the pH change during storage. And then the motility of boar sperm with the Kp pH stabilized (Modified Kp) was compared with those of commercial products imported into Korea such as BTS (Mini-tube. Germany; BTSg), BTS (Tri-bio, USA; BTSa) and Modena (SGI, USA). The pH values of all extenders were increased gradually with the storage days. Especially, the initial pH of Basic Kp was higher than that of BTSg, BTSa and Modena, and also higher than physiological pH of boar sperm (6.8∼7.5). When Basic Kp was added with various concentrations of EDTA (0, 0.63, 1.25 ＆ 2.37g/L), Tris (0, 0.18, 0.35, 0.71 ＆ 1.42g/L) and Citrate (0, 0.75, 0.81, 1.00, 1.25 ＆ 1.50g/L) buffers for pH down-regulation and stabilization of pH, the group added with 1.25g EDTA, 1.42g Tris and 1.00g Citrate well maintained the neutral range of pH during storage (6.88 at day1 to 7.33 at day6 in Modified Kp), Especially, the concentrations of the buffers added in Modified Kp were lower, until 1/2∼1/4 ranges, than those in Modena and other extenders. The motility of frozen-thawed boar sperm diluted with Modified Kp was significantly higher than that of Basic Kp, BTSg, BTSa and Modena (87.0% vs. 55.0∼71.0% at day1; 13.3% vs. 0∼6.3% at day6), Conclusively, Modified Kp in this experiment was kept the favorable physiological conditions in spite of low concentrations of the buffers and motility of frozen-thawed boar sperm was obtained better than that of Basic Kp and other commercial products such as BTSg, BTSa and Modena.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the optimal short-term storage diluents for goat spermatozoa. Semen was collected with electro-ejaculation from two goats. The collected semen was diluted in BTS and centrifuged at 500 g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and diluted with BTS, Modena or Triladyl$^{(R)}$ and stored at 4 or $17^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. The motility of spermatozoa in BTS and Modena stored at $4^{\circ}C$ was rapidly decreased at day 1. The motility of spermatozoa in BTS at $17^{\circ}C$ was decreased to 30$\sim$45% at day 2. In Modena at $17^{\circ}C$, the inappropriate motility fur artificial insemination (AI) was reached at day 4. The spermatozoa stored in Triladyl$^{(R)}$ at 4 or $17^{\circ}C$ were more viable and higher motility up to day 4. In conclusion, liquid storage of goat spermatozoa in Triladyl$^{(R)}$ at 4 or $17^{\circ}C$ for 4 days showed permissible viability for AI.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of extenders such as Beltsville thawing solution(BTS), Modena and Androhep, preservation temperature and period of liquid boar semen on semen characteristics and reproductive performance. Boars were raised at Swine Artificial Insemination Center in National Livestock Research Institute, Sunghwan, Chungnam, Korea. This experiment was carried out from 1995 to 2000. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Sperm motility in the samples with Androhep and BTS reduced from day 5 and in the samples with Modena reduced from day 3 of storage. pH or 3 extenders varied from 6.24 to 7.04 during day 1 to 5 of storage. Farrowing rate of sows inseminated with liquid boar semen offended with BTs, Modena and Androhep extenders did not show any differences until day f after semen collection. Sows inseminated with Androhep extender had better farrowing rates (P＜0.05) than those with Modena extender at day 1 or 5 after semen collection, but farrowing rates after AI using BTS did not differ compared to those Androhep and Modena. Litter size did not show any differences among the three extenders, but Androhep had the decreased litter size from day i of storage. 2. Motility and normal acrosome of the sperm preserved at 5$^{\circ}C$ did not show any differences until day 4 of storage, but those at 17$^{\circ}C$ changed from day 3 and 4, respectively. Farrowing rate of sows artificially inseminated with liquid boa. semen preserved at 17$^{\circ}C$ had higher, than at 5$^{\circ}C$ (p＜0.05), but there was no significant differences in litter size. Farrowing rates and litter size were decreased from day 2 and day 3 of storage at 17$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Farrowing rate of sows inseminated with the preserved semen at 5$^{\circ}C$ did not changed until day 4, but the litter size at 5$^{\circ}C$ was lower than that at 17$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-44
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• 2003

It is the Third Italy's industrial districts that is emerging as effective strategies for regional economic development since 1970' s. Compared with mass production system, it's production system is characterized the cooperative networks of a number of enterprise specialized in specific sector or process. This work will analysis the course of growth and industrial characteristics of Modena engineering industrial district and Mirandola bio-industrial district as the exemplary industrial district, so elucidate new principle of building industrial space named development of industrial districts. This work point out three characteristics which these industrial districts have. First, these districts have the production system based vertical dis-integration and specialization among enterprise like general industrial districts in Third Italy. This factor make Modena and Mirandola's production system coupled with specialized enterprise in coping with various demand of consumer. Second, technological innovation is very important factor in growing industrial districts. This factor contributes these two districts to have developed as the competitive industrial clusters in the world. Last point is the difference of local governance by the two city governments. Modena city government has made a lot of industrial spaces but in Mirandola the leading enterprise has contributed to shape the industrial district.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.425-444
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• 2013

We construct some hyperbolic hyperelliptic space forms whose fundamental groups are generated by only two or three isometries. Each occurring group is obtained from a supergroup, which is an extended Coxeter group generated by plane re ections and half-turns. Then we describe covering properties and determine the isometry groups of the constructed manifolds. Furthermore, we give an explicit construction of space form of the second smallest volume nonorientable hyperbolic 3-manifold with one cusp.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.407-421
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• 2004

By using a recursive algorithm, we construct edge-coloured graphs representing products of spheres and consequently we give upper bounds for the regular genus of ${\mathbb{S}}^{m}\;\times\;{\mathbb{S}}^{n}$, for each m, n > 0.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.463-463
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• 2008

The glass frit has been used in transparent dielectric, barrier rib and electrode of PDP (Plasma display panel). In PDP fabrication, the firing temperature of glass frit is normally 550~$580^{\circ}C$ with conventional heating. However, there are a problem that silver in electrode is diffused throughout the transparent dielectric. For inhibiting the Ag diffusion we considered use of the microwave heating. We investigated firing of glass frit compared between conventional and microwave heating. After firing by two types of heating, the diffusion of silver is determined using a optical microscope and UV-spectrometer. Based on the our results, the microwave heating should be a candidate to heating source for high efficacy in PDP.