• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

Generally, the underwater flight vehicle (UFV) depth control system operates with the following problems: it is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system because the UFV contains both pitch and depth angle variables as well as multiple control planes, it requires robustness because of the possibility that it may encounter uncertainties such as parameter variations and disturbances, it requires a continuous control input because the system that has reduced power consumption and acoustic noise is more practical, and further, it has the speed dependency of controller parameters because the control forces of control planes depend on the operating speed. To solve these problems, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC), which is based on the decomposition method using expert knowledge in the UFV depth control and utilizes a fuzzy basis function expansion (FBFE) and a proportional integral augmented sliding signal, is proposed. To verify the performance of the AFSMC, UFV depth control is performed. Simulation results show that the AFSMC solves all problems experienced in the UFV depth control system online.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.737-746
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• 1997

The substructure synthesis method is used for making it easy to analyze vibration systems generally in vibration field. In the past, this method has been to be used mainly because of shortage of computer memory and CPU time. But recently this method is used for analyzing complex structure or identifying the characteristics of systems precisely. The purpose of this study is to develop acoustic substructure synthesis method that can be applied to acoustic modal analysis of complex acoustic systems. Acoustic modal analysis method to be introduced here is a method that analyze acoustic natural mode shape of the complex acoustic system by the principle of CMS(component mode synthesis method). This paper describes the acoustic modal analysis of the acoustic finite element model of simple expansion pipe by acoustic substructure synthesis method. The resutls of acoustic modal analysis analyzed by Acoustic substructure synthesis method and the results by FEM(finite element method) shows good agreement.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.891-918
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• 2015

In many of microdevices a part of a microbeam is covered by a piezoelectric layer. Depend on the application a DC or AC voltage is applied between upper and lower side of the piezoelectric layer. A common method in many of previous works for evaluating the response of these structures is discretizing by Galerkin method. In these works often single mode shape of a uniform microbeam i.e. the microbeam without piezoelectric layer has been used as comparison function, and so the convergence of the solution has not been verified. In this paper the Galerkin method is used for discretization, and a comprehensive analysis on the convergence of solution of equation that is discretized using this comparison function is studied for both clamped-clamped and clamped-free microbeams. The static and dynamic solution resulted from Galerkin method is compared to the modal expansion solution. In addition the static solution is compared to an exact solution. It is denoted that the required numbers of uniform microbeam mode shapes for convergence of static solution due to DC voltage depends on the position and thickness of deposited piezoelectric layer. It is shown that when the clamped-clamped microbeam is coated symmetrically by piezoelectric layer, then the convergence for static solution may be obtained using only first mode. This result is valid for clamped-free case when it is covered by piezoelectric layer from left clamped side to the right. It is shown that when voltage is AC then the number of required uniform microbeam shape mode for convergence is much more than the number of required mode in modal expansion due to the dynamic effect of piezoelectric layer. This difference increases by increasing the piezoelectric thickness, the closeness of the excitation frequency to natural frequency and decreasing the damping coefficient. This condition is often indefeasible in microresonator system. It is concluded that discreitizing the equation of motion using one mode shape of uniform microbeam as comparison function in many of previous works causes considerable errors.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 1996

This paper presents systematic study of the experimental application of a free-interfaced component mode synthesis method. In the free-interfaced component mode synthesis method, an error the to truncated higher modes and neglected ineria loadings on a component from the connected component is inherent. Also, it is difficult to directly use experimental modal data in a modal synthesis method which links experimental model to finite-element model because of many inconsistencies between experimentally obtained and analytically obtained modal vectors and missing degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) such as rotational DOFs. In order to solve these problems, three methods, the first one based on attaching auxiliary weights to the connection points, the second one utillizing the normalization of experimental modal vector, and the third one generating smoothed and expanded experimental mode shapes, are studied in this paper. Finally, the study is illustrated for a flat-plate structure by using simulated and measured experimental data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.585-592
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• 2003

Among various sensitivity evaluation techniques, semi-analytical method(SAM) is quite popular since this method is more advantageous than analytical method(AM) and global finite difference method(FDM). However, SAM reveals severe inaccuracy problem when relatively large rigid body motions are identified fur individual elements. Such errors result from the numerical differentiation of the pseudo load vector calculated by the finite difference scheme. In the present study, an iterative method combined with mode decomposition technique is proposed to compute reliable semi-analytical design sensitivities. The improvement of design sensitivities corresponding to the rigid body mode is evaluated by exact differentiation of the rigid body modes and the error of SAM caused by numerical difference scheme is alleviated by using a Von Neumann series approximation considering the higher order terms for the sensitivity derivatives.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2002

The free vibration characteristics of the triple cylindrical shells filled with fluid are investigated. The triple cylindrical shells are filled with compressible fluid. The boundary condition is clamped at both ends. Analytical method is developed to evaluate natural frequencies of triple cylindrical shells using Sanders' shell theory and courier series expansion by Stokes' transformation. Their results are compared with those of finite element method to verify the validation of the method developed. The modal characteristics of shells filled with fluid at region 1, 2 and 3 are evaluated.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

When a building suffers damages under moderate to severe loading condition, its physical properties such as damping and stiffness parameters will change. There are different practical methods besides various numerical procedures that have successfully detected a range of these changes. Almost all the previous proposed methods used to work with translational components of mode shapes, probably because extracting these components is more common in vibrational tests. This study set out to investigate the influence of using both rotational and translational components of mode shapes, in detecting damages in 3-D steel structures elements. Three different sets of measured components of mode shapes are examined: translational, rotational, and also rotational/translational components in all joints. In order to validate our assumptions two different steel frames with three damage scenarios are considered. An iterative model updating program is developed in the MATLAB software that uses the OpenSees as its finite element analysis engine. Extensive analysis shows that employing rotational components results in more precise prediction of damage location and its intensity. Since measuring rotational components of mode shapes still is not very convenient, modal dynamic expansion technique is applied to generate rotational components from measured translational ones. The findings indicated that the developed model updating program is really efficient in damage detection even with generated data and considering noise effects. Moreover, methods which use rotational components of mode shapes can predict damage's location and its intensity more precisely than the ones which only work with translational data.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

In the present investigation, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a vertically floating hollow cylinder in regular waves have been studied. The potential theory for solving the diffraction and radiation problem was employed by assuming that the heave response motion was linear. By using the matched eigenfunction expansion method, the characteristics of the exciting forces, hydrodynamic coefficients, and heave motion responses were investigated with various system parameters such as the radius and draft of a hollow cylinder. In the present analytical model, two resonances are identified: the system resonance of a hollow cylinder and the piston-mode resonance in the confined inner fluid region. The piston resonance mode is especially important in the motion response of a hollow circular cylinder. In many cases, the heave response at the piston resonance mode is large, and its resonant frequency can be predicted using the empirical formula of Fukuda (1977). The present design tool can be applied to analyze the motion response of a spar offshore structure with a moon pool.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.570-578
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• 2009

Excitation and propagation of guided waves are very complex problems in pipes due to their dispersive nature. Pipes are commonly used in the oil, chemical or nuclear industry and hence must be inspected regularly to ensure continued safe operation. The normal mode expansion(NME) method is given for the amplitude with which any propagating waveguide mode is generated in the pipes by applied surface tractions. Numerical results are calculated based on the NME method using different sources, i.e., non-axisymmetric partial loading and quasi-axisymmetric loading sources. The sum of amplitude coefficients for 0~nineth order of the harmonic modes are calculated based on the NME method and the dispersion curves in pipes. The superimposed total field which is namely the angular profile, varies with propagating distance and circumferential angle. This angular profile of guided waves provides information for setting the transducer position to find defects in pipes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.604-611
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• 2004

It is well known that wall impedance essentially determines how sound wave transmits from one place to another. The wall impedance is related with its dynamic properties : for example, the mass, stiffness, and damping characteristics. It is noteworthy, however, that the wall impedance is also function of spatial characteristics of two spaces that is separated by the wall. This is often referred that the wall is not locally reacting. In this paper, we have attempted to see how the acoustic characteristics of the two spaces is affected by various structure parameters such as density, applied tension, and a normalized length of the wall. Calculations are conducted for two different modally reacting boundary conditions by modal expansion method. The variation of the Helmholtz mode and the structural-dominated mode are analyzed as the structure parameters vary. The displacement distribution of the structure, pressure and active intensity of the inside and outside cavity are presented at the Helmholtz mode and the structure-dominated mode. It is shown that the frequency characteristics are governed by both structure-and fluid-dominated mode. The results exhibit that the density of the structure is the most sensitive design parameter on the frequency characteristics for the coupling system as we could imagine in the beginning. The Helmholtz mode frequency decrease as density increases. However. it increases as applied tension and an opening size increase. The bandwidth of the Helmholtz mode is mainly affected by density of the structure and its opening size.