• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2018

PURPOSES : As the population of the mobility handicapped, who are classified as the disabled, the elderly, pregnant women, children, etc., has increased, the voices for guaranteeing their rights have been increasing as well. Thus, the design manuals for roads and sidewalks for the mobility handicapped were developed by the local government, such as the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Tourism, in Seoul City. However, according to the 2013 survey results of the Seoul Metropolitan City, the mobility handicapped still feel uncomfortable with the sidewalks, and particularly request for the improvement of the step and slope of the sidewalk curb. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an empirical experimental study to determine the slope of the sidewalk curb and height of the steps considering the mobility handicapped and analyzed whether there is a statistically significant difference. METHODS : The methodology of this study is an empirical experimental one. In the study, five non-disabled people, 10 wheelchair users, and 10 eye patch and stick users walked about 2-3 min on the sidewalk plates of the sloped type (0%, 5%, 6.3%, 8.3%) and stepped type (0 cm, 1 cm, 3 cm, 6 cm), and their human physiological responses, such as the skin temperature, volume of perspiration on forehead and chest, and heart rate, were measured and recorded. After combining the data, we conducted a nonparametric test, ANOVA, or t-test to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference according to each slope and step type. RESULTS : It was found that for the non-disabled, there was no significant difference in human physiological responses according to the slope and steps of the sidewalk. It can be said that the non-disabled do not feel much physiological discomfort while walking. In the case of the sloped sidewalk plate, the heart rate of the wheel chair users increased when the slope was 6.3%. In the case of the eye patch and stick users, the volume of perspiration on the chest increased at a slope of 5.0%. In general, it is judged that a sidewalk with a slope that is less than 5% does not cause a change in the physiological response. In the case of a stepped sidewalk plate, when 0 cm, 1 cm, and 3 cm were compared for wheelchair users, the amount of forehead perspiration increased from 1 cm. Meanwhile, in the case of the eye patch and stick users, when 0 cm and 6 cm were compared, the amount of perspiration on the forehead and chest as well as the heart rate all increased at 6 cm. Taken together, in the case of wheelchair users, a difference was shown when the height of the step of the sidewalk plate was 1 cm, suggesting that installing it at 0 cm does not cause any physiological discomfort. Moreover, in the case of the eye patch and stick users, when comparing only 0 cm and 6 cm, 0 cm was considered to be suitable, as there was a difference in physiological response at 6 cm. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, we set the human physiological responses such as chest skin temperature, amount of perspiration, and heart rate as evaluation items, and our study was considered to be a meaningful experiment that targeted wheelchair users as well as eye patch and stick users. The validity of the evaluation items was confirmed, as the results of human physiological responses were significant. As for the sidewalk design, according to the experiment result, it is considered that differential application should be implemented according to the type of mobility handicap, rather than uniformly applying a sidewalk step of 2 cm and sidewalk slope of 1/25, which are the current legal standards.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2016

Tin oxides have been studied for various applications such as gas detecting materials, transparent electrodes, transparent devices, and solar cells. p-type SnO is a promising transparent oxide semiconductor because of its high optical transparency and excellent electrical properties. In this study, we fabricated p-type SnO thin film using rf magnetron sputtering with an SnO/Sn composite target; we examined the effects of various oxygen flow rates on the SnO thin films. We fundamentally investigated the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the p-type SnO thin films utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/Vis spectrometry, and Hall Effect measurement. A p-type SnO thin film of $P_{O2}=3%$ was obtained with > 80% transmittance, carrier concentration of $1.12{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$, and mobility of $1.18cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$. With increasing of the oxygen partial pressure, electrical conductivity transition from p-type to n-type was observed in the SnO crystal structure.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.978-980
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• 2003

Perylene tetracarboxylic anhydride derivatives have been well-known as an n-type channel material.$^1$ Here, we report perylene-based pyrrolopyrone derivatives as an n-type channel material. 1,8-naphthalene(l) and 1,2-phenylene(2)-based pyrrolopyrone derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Derivatives 1, 2 were soluble only protonic solvents with high acidity such as methane sulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. Thin film transistors were fabricated by vacumn deposition and solution casting and electron mobility of the device were measured.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2000년도 International Symposium on Bioinformatics
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• pp.86-87
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• 2000

Protein folding is a fundamental problem in structural bioinformatics and so numerous studies have been devoted to the subject. As the most common regular secondary conformation in proteins, helix has been an important ingredient of the protein folding problem. In particular, alanine based polypeptides are widely studied to identify the helix folding process in that the aianine amino acid is known to have one of the highest helix propensities. In principle, intrinsic helix propensities can be obtained from gas-phase measurements where solvent effect is absent. Hudgins et al. studied alanine-based peptides in vacuo using high-resolution ion mobility measurement technique. It was reported that introduction of a single Iysine at the C terminus resulted in the formation of very stable, monomeric polyalanine helices. We also have investigated helix formation in vacuo with different terminal charge conditions; we have found a new type of helix motif, To the best of our knowledge, this type of helix conformation has not been characterized before and we name it as I-helix.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.17.2-17.2
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• 2010

Printed electronics is an emerging technology to realize various microelectronic devices via a cost-effective method. Here we demonstrated a high performance of p-channel and n-channel top-gate/bottom contact polymer field-effect transistors (FETs), and applications to elementary organic complementary inverter and ring oscillator circuits by inkjet processing. We could obtained high field-effect mobility more than $0.4\;cm^2/Vs$ for both of p-channel and n-channel FETs, and successfully measured inkjet-printed polymer inverters. The performance of devices highly depends on the selection of dielectrics, printing condition and device architecture. Optimized CMOS ring oscillators with p-type and n-type polymer transistors showed as high as 50 kHz operation frequency. This research was financially supported by development of next generation RFID technology for item level applications (2008-F052-01) funded by the ministry of knowledge economy (MKE).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.995-998
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• 2007

Pentacene moiety has been widely studied in Organic Thin-Film Transistor (OTFT) device as a channel layer because of high carrier mobility. In this study, we have fabricated vertical type Organic Static Induction Transistors (SITs) using pentacene, 6,13-Dinaphthalen-1-ly-Pentacene (1-DNP, 3), and 6,13-Dinaphthalen-2- ly-Pentacene (2-DNP, 4). 1-DNP and 2-DNP have same naphtyl group with pentacene, but different linked position and spatial arrangement. We have checked the static characteristics of materials in vertical type SITs device. We found that pentacene has as on/off ratio of 14.56, 1-DNP and 2-DNP shows as on/off ratio of 36.58 and 6.61 at VDS = 2V in SIT, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.558-562
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• 2006

We have synthesized a new p-type polymer, poly(9,9'-n-dioctylfluorene-alt-phenoxazine) (PFPO), via the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction. The number average molecular weight ($M_n$) of PFPO was found to be 23,000. PFPO dissolves in common organic solvents such as chloroform and toluene. The UV-visible absorption maximum of the PFPO thin film is clearly blue-shifted with respect to that of F8T2, poly-(9,9'-n-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene). The introduction of the phenoxazine moiety into the polymer system results in better field-effect transistor (FET) performance than that of F8T2. A solution processed PFPO TFT device with a top contact geometry was found to exhibit a hole mobility of $2.7{\times}10^{-4}cm^2/Vs$ and a low threshold voltage of -2 V with high on/off ratio(${\sim}10^4$).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.319-320
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• 2009

In this study, high-quality Al-N doped p-type ZnO thin films were deposited on n-type Si (100) wafer or Si coated with buffer layer by DC magnetron sputtering in the mixture of $N_2$ and $O_2$ gas. The target was ceramic ZnO mixed with $Al_2O_3$ (2 wt%). The p-type ZnO thin film showed higher carrier concentration $2.93\times10^{17}cm^{-3}$, lower resistivity of $5.349\;{\Omega}cm$ and mobility of $3.99\;cm^2V^{-1}S^{-1}$, respectively. According to PL spectrum, the Al donor energy level depth ($E_d$) of Al-N codoped p-type ZnO film was reduced to about 51 meV, and the N acceptor energy level depth ($E_a$) was reduced to 63 meV, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.19
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• pp.145-146
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• 2006

The most Important research topic in the development of ZnO LED and LD is the production of p-type ZnO thin film that has minimal stress with outstanding stoichiometric ratio. In this study, Phosphorus diffused into the undoped ZnO thin films using the ampoule-tube method for the production of p-type znO thin films. The undoped ZnO thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering system on $GaAs_{0.6}P_{0.4}$/GaP and Si wafers. 4N Phosphorus (P) was diffused into the undoped ZnO thin films in ampoule-tube which was performed and $630^{\circ}C$ during 3hr. We found the diffusion condition of the conductive ZnO films which had p-type properties with the highest mobility of above 532 $cm^2$/Vs compared with other studies PL spectra measured at 10K for the purpose of analyzing optical properties of p-type ZnO thin film showed strong PL intensity in the UV emission band around 365nm ~ 415nm and 365nm ~ 385nm.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제3C권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2003

Structural properties of Cu-Ni alloy films, such as preferred orientation, crystallite size, in-ter-planar spacing, cross-sectional morphology, and electrical resistivity, are investigated in terms of tar-get configurations that are used in the film deposition by means of magnetron co-sputtering. Two different target configurations are considered in this study: a dual-type configuration in which two separate tar-gets (Cu and Ni) and different bias types (RF and DC) are used and a Ni-on-Cu type configuration in which Ni chips are attached to a Cu target. The dual-type configuration appears to have some advantages over the Ni-on-Cu type regarding the accurate control of atomic composition of the deposited Cu-Ni alloy. However, the dual-type-produced film exhibits a porous and columnar structure, the relatively large internal stress, and the high electrical resistivity, which are mainly due to the relatively low mobility of adatoms. The affects of thermal treatment and deposition conditions on the structural and electrical properties of dual-type Cu-Ni films are also discussed.