• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 1983

A wide variety of pathogens are known io be seedborne, carried either as infectious mycelium internally or as contaminants on the seed coat. When seed is infected with a pathogen, the seed nay be rendered nonviable or it may remain viable but produce weak seedling. In some cases, the Infected seedling nay not be severely weakened, but nay serve as a source of primary inoculum within a community of plants. A recent problem nay be the dissemination of seedborne pathogens occurring as a result of the massive movements of seed, as a part of the 'Green revolution' Disease of great danger to agriculture may be introduced with seed from other parts of world. Seed treatment with organic mercury compounds in liquid form had become popular since about 1955. Organic mercury compounds contributed considerably to the increase in production of many crops and vegetables. In 1975, however, the use of organic mercury compound was forbidden because of doubts regarding their residual mammalian toxicity in agricultural products. Benomyl-thiram mixture, thiophanate methyl-;hiram mixture and TCMB have now been registered as seed disinfectants for the use of rice blast, brown spot and Bakanae disease. Oxathiinsthiram mixture has been registered as seed disinfectant for barley and wheat loose smut and leaf stripe of barley. Agricultural techniques have made such rapid progress that the nursery methods changed from the use of paddy nursery to box nursery designed for machine-transplanting. The spread of rice transplanting machines has caused increase of seedborne diseases. Among seedborne diseases, Bakanae disease has remarkably increased and causes much damage recently. In order to counter this trend, seed disinfectants must also be diversified. First, effective non-selective disinfectants need to be developed, and second, appropriate control methods always need to be prepared in parallel with the development of new techniques for cultivation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2017

This study was designed to investigate the synergetic hepatoprotective effects from a mixture of Korean Red Ginseng and Pueraria Radix on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Liver toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of $CCl_4$ (0.6 mg/kg) in 12 groups of ICR mice. The negative control group was given $CCl_4$ without test samples and the normal group was given no treatment. Among treatment groups, the RGAP treatment (Korean Red ginseng acetic acid extract : Pueraria radix water extract, w/w, 38.4:57.6) decreased $CCl_4$-elevated ALT (101.60 IU/L), AST (833.89 IU/L), and LDH (365.02 IU/L) levels in the serum, and increased the SOD (11.03 unit/mg protein) and CAT (0.37 unit/mg protein) levels and the LPO levels ($59.09{\mu}M/g$ tissue) more than that in the mice group with $CCl_4$-induced control group hepatotoxicity. These results suggest that administration of a mixture of Korean Red ginseng and Pueraria radix decreases $CCl_4$-induced liver damage and enhances antioxidant activity in mice and imply that administration of the mixture in a certain ratio is more effective than single administration of either Korean Red ginseng or Pueraria radix alone.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2009

유약호르몬은 변태를 억제하고 성충의 생식작용을 중개하는 곤충호르몬이다. 이 호르몬은 또한 탈피호르몬과 길항적으로 면역반응에도 관여하여 혈구세포 활동을 억제시킨다. 본 실험은 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)의 세포성 면역반응에 대한 피리프록시펜 제형의 효과와 이를 Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)와 혼합하였을 때의 살충력 제고 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 피리프록시펜 제형은 낮은 농도에서도 혈구세포의 활착능력을 현저히 억제하였다. 피리프록시펜 제형을 배추좀나방 대상으로 실내실험에서 Bt와 혼합하여 섭식처리 한 결과 살충력이 유의성이 있게 증가하였다. 이러한 실내실험 결과 토대로 피리프록시펜 제형과 Bt 혼합제를 배추좀나방이 서식하고 있는 배추포장에 약제처리 했을 때 Bt 단독처리 보다 살충효과를 높이고 살충시간이 효과적으로 줄어드는 것을 보여주었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 2005

본 연구는 다이옥신(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin, TCDD)에 노출된 랫드에 있어 녹용의 고환 독성에 대한 방어 효과를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험은 30마리의 수컷 랫드를 10마리씩 3개군으로 나누어 정상대조군(CO)에는 vehicle을 TCDD-단독투여군(TA)과 녹용 에탄올 추출물(EAV) 투여군(TE)에는 50 $\mu$g/kg body weight의 다이옥신을 일회 복강내 주사하였다. TE는 다이옥신 노출 1주 전부터 녹용 에탄올 추출물을 20 mg/kg body weight씩 5주 동안 매일 복강 주사하였다 TA에서는 다이옥신에 의한 체중감소(CO 대비 61.1$\%$)가 현저하였으며 TE 역시 체중은 감소(CO 대비 77.0$\%$)하였으나 YA와 비교해 볼 때 그 정도는 유의하게 경감되 는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다이옥신(TCDD)에 의하여 야기되는 고환 중량, 정세관의 직경 및 Johnsen's score의 감소와 고환조직의 병변은 녹용 에탄올 추출물 투여에 의하여 유의하게 경감되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 녹용은 랫드에 있어 다이옥신에 의하여 야기되는 고환 독성을 경감시킬 수 있다고 판단한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2023

식품첨가제로 주로 사용되는 이산화타이타늄 혼합물인 최근 E171은 체내 축적 및 유전 독성을 야기할 수 있다는 사실이 입증되어, 현재 규정 개정을 통해 E171의 식품첨가물 사용이 제한되고 있다. 그러나, 현재까지 E171의 인체 위해성 연구는 많이 진행된 반면, E171의 환경생물에 미치는 독성 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 최근 우려되는 잠재적 독성물질인 E171의 환경적 위해성을 파악하기 위해 수생태계를 대표하는 물벼룩(Daphnia magna)과 제브라피쉬(Danio rerio)를 대상으로 나노물질의 특성을 반영한 최신 표준문건을 활용하여 기존 시험법의 한계점을 보완한 최적의 독성시험을 수행하였다. 독성시험 결과, 실제 환경적 현실성을 고려한 농도범위의 E171에 노출된 물벼룩에서 유영저해가 발생했지만, 어류의 경우 치사나 이상행동개체가 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나, 산화스트레스 관련 분자생물학적 분석 결과, E171이 물벼룩과 어류에 모두 산화스트레스를 유발하여 이의 방어작용으로 항산화효소의 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 다만, 항산화효소 관련 유전자의 발현 여부는 생물종에 따라 차이가 존재하였다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과를 통해 E171은 실제 환경적 현실성을 고려한 농도에서 수생물에 산화스트레스를 유도할 수 있으나, 생물체의 종류에 따라 가시적인 독성의 정도와 산화스트레스 관련 유전자 발현에 차이가 존재함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 기존 시험법의 한계점을 보안한 최적의 독성시험을 통해 E171이 수생물에 미치는 위험성을 확인하였으며, 이 결과는 E171의 환경 위해성 평가를 위한 과학적 자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the compressive strength characteristics of solids solidified with the lead sludge with mixture of cement and fly ashes as additive. And the additives are commercial fly ash and ESP(Electrostatic precipitator) fly ash. The compressive strength of solidified lead sludge solid was increased by adding fly ash up to 46~62%, which was the results of pozzolanic reaction. When replaced the cement with 10%of commercial fly ash, the solid showed the highest value $210{\;}kg/cm^2$, and the solidification conditions were 0.55 of the water/cement ratio and curing for 14 days. Also, the results of leaching test by EPT(Environmental Protection Agency-Toxicity Test) were showed that the solidified lead has leached out under 10%, which was less than 0.173 mg/L of EPA standard. As leaching solutions, the demineralized water, 0.1N acetic acid solution, and synthetic brine were used. and the observations by SEM of the solidified lead-laden solid after EPT leaching test were indicated the severe erosion on solid surface.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Signal transduction in Toxicology
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• pp.130-130
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• 2001

The commercially available paclitaxel product, Taxol$\circledR$ is currently formulated in a vehicle containing approximately a 1:1 v/v mixture of polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) and ethanol. Cremophor EL, a commonly used surfactant for lipophilic compounds, has been associated with many issues, such as adverse effects particularly following rapid administration, stability with the possibility for drug precipitation upon dilution, and filtering requirements.(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.788-794
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• 2015

Cationic liposomes have been actively used as gene delivery vehicles despite their unsatisfactory efficiencies because of their relatively low toxicity. In this study, we designed novel heterodimeric peptides as nonviral gene delivery systems from TAT and NLS peptides using cysteine-to-cysteine disulfide bonds between the two. Mixing these heterodimeric peptides with DNA before mixing with lipofectamine resulted in higher transfection efficiencies in MCF-7 breast cancer cells than mixing unmodified TAT, NLS, and a simple mixture of TAT and NLS with DNA, but did not show an adverse effect on cell viability. In gel retardation assays, the DNA binding affinities of heterodimeric peptides were stronger than NLS but weaker than TAT. However, this enhancement was only observed when heterodimeric peptides were premixed with DNA before being mixed with lipofectamine. The described novel transfection-enhancing peptide system produced by the heterodimerization of TAT and NLS peptides followed by simple mixing with DNA, increased the gene transfer efficiency of cationic lipids without enhancing cytotoxicity.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2005

The oxidative transformation of triclosan with laccase from Trametes versicolor was conducted in a closed, temperature controlled system containing phosphate buffer for pH control. The optimum pH for triclosan transformation showed about 5. Despite the observation that elevated temperatures tended to inactivate the enzyme, increased transformation of triclosan was observed up to $50^{\circ}C$. Of the mediators studied, ABTS was most successful at enhancing triclosan transformation. About 80% of the toxicity of the initial mixture was reduced after the enzymatic treatment. In the presence of 1.0 mM of anions such as sulfite, sulfide, and cyanide, triclosan transformation was greatly inhibited. Chloride and fluoride ions exhibited inhibition of triclosan transformation at 25 mM. Ferric ion substantially inhibited triclosan transformation at 1.0 mM.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2003

Ultraviolet (UV) is thought to induce erythema, sun-burn, photo-toxicity, photo-allergy, photo-aging and sometimes skin tumor. To investigate the photo-protective effects of APB-01 (Amore-Pacific Beauty-01, the mixture of Jaummi-dan and Fujiflavone P10) on UV-induced skin damage, forty of SKH hairless female mice were orally administered with APB-01 or saline fifth a week, and irradiated with UV third a week for up to ten weeks. We examined the relationship between visible changes and skin damage in the dermis and epidermis. In the APB-01 treated group, a better skin and less wrinkles formation were observed when compared to the UV control group. This results demonstrated that oral administration of APB-01 seems to have photo-protective effects on UV-induced skin damage of hairless mice due to an inhibitory effect on collagen breakdown, and the model using hairless mice is very useful to investigate the efficacy of functional beauty foods.