• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.35S no.3
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• pp.166-175
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• 1998

When we make a speaker adapted model using MAPE (maximum a posteriori estimation), the adapted model has one mixture in each state. This is because we cannot estimate a number of a priori distribution from a speaker-independent model in each state. If the model is represented by one mixture in each state, it is not well adadpted to specific speaker because it is difficult to represent various speech informationof the speaker with one mixture. In this paper, we suggest the method using several mixtures to well represent various speech information of the speaker in each state. But, because speaker-specific training dat is not sufficient, this method can't be used in every state. So, we make the number of mixtures in each state variable in proportion to the number of frames and to the determinant ofthe variance matrix in the state. Using the proposed method, we reduced the error rate than methods using one branch in each state.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2012

The performance of a concrete is significantly influenced by its mixture proportion and the coating thickness on aggregate surface. The concrete in this study is designed by estimating the blending ratio of aggregate using a densified mixture design algorithm (DMDA) based on an ideal grading curve and estimating the paste volume as the sum of the amount of paste needed to provide an assigned coating paste thickness. So as to obtain appropriate concrete amount, and thus can accurately estimate the property of concrete. Deduction of this mix design formula is simple and easy understanding, and meanwhile to obtain result is fast. This estimation model of mix design is expected to reward to industry and effectively upgrade concrete quality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

Dual fuel combustion strategy with di-methl ether (DME) and gasoline was tested in a compression ignition engine. Characteristics of combustion and emissions were analyzed with the variation of engine operating parameters such as fuel proportion, DME injection timing, intake oxygen concentration, DME injection pressure and so forth. Gasoline was injected into the intake manifold to form the homogeneous mixture with intake charge and DME was injected directly into the cylinder at the late compression stroke to ignite the homogeneous gasoline-air mixture. Dual fuel combustion strategy was advantageous in achievement of higher thermal efficiency and low NOx emission compared with DME single fuel combustion. Higher thermal efficiency was attributed to the lower heat tranfer loss from the decreased combustion temperature since the amount of lean premixed combustion was increased with the larger amount of gasoline proportion. Lower NOx emissions were also possible by lowering the combustion temperature.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

In this work the properties of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized by electrochemical method using different water-alcohol proportions and alcohols have been investigated. The syntheses were carried out using 99% iron foils acting electrodes in a 0.04 M NaCl solutions at room temperature applying 22 mAcm^-2 on the working electrode, mostly obtaining magnetite nanoparticles. The impact of the electrolyte in the size of the synthesized MNPs has been evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), chronopotentiometric studies, and magnetic characterization. The results have shown that nanoparticles can be obtained in the range of 6 to 26 nm depending on the type of alcohol and the proportions in the mixture of water-alcohol. The same trend has been observed for all alcohols. As the proportion of these in the medium increases, the nanoparticles obtained are smaller in size. This trend is maintained until a certain proportion of alcohol: 50% for methanol, and 60% for the rest of alcohols, proportions where obtaining a single phase of magnetite is not favored.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2006

The present study was conducted with twenty-four Korean native (Hanwoo) steers to observe the effect of mixed oil and monensin supplementation and duration of feeding on c9,t11-CLA content in plasma and fat tissues. The steers were randomly assigned to three groups of eight animals each according to body weight. Hanwoo steers in the control group were fed the commercial concentrate for the late fattening stage. The other groups of steers were fed the same diet as control steers, but the concentrate was supplemented with high-$C_{18:2}$ oil mixture (soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil) and fish oil at 6% level of concentrate (DM basis), and monensin (20 ppm). The second and third group of steers was fed the oil mixture supplemented diet with monensin for the last 10 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively, prior to being slaughtered. The oil mixture consisted of 45% soybean oil, 20% sunflower oil, 20% safflower oil and 15% fish oil. Average daily gain (p<0.049) and feed efficiency (p<0.018) of the steers fed the diet supplemented with oil mixture and monensin (OM-M) for 20 weeks were higher than those of the other groups of steers. Dressing percent, fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were not affected by the OM-M supplementation and duration of its feeding. The OM-M supplementation increased the content of total-cholesterol (p<0.0001-0.0007) and HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) in the plasma of steers compared to the control diet. The steers fed the OM-M diet had a higher proportion of c9,t11-CLA in plasma (p<0.048-0.044) than the control steers. Feeding the OM-M diet for 20 weeks increased the proportion of CLA in intramuscular (p<0.015), intermuscular (p<0.039) and subcutaneous (p<0.001) fat tissues compared with both steers fed the control diet and the OM-M diet for 10 weeks. Increased (p<0.007) proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed the OM-M diet for 20 weeks compared to those in control steers was related to the increased (p<0.001) $C_{18:2}$ and decreased (p<0.001) $C_{18:0}$ proportions in subcutaneous tissue.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2002

In order to establish the applicability of organic soil as Earthwork Materials, this research conducts a battery of laboratory tests using two kinds of test materials. The test material A, a mixture of sand and organic soil, and the test material B, a mixture of granite soil and organic soil varying the proportion of organic soil through 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% are used. Continuous column leaching tests of the test materials A and B indicate that their COD value is substantially smaller than that of pure organic soil, the COD value of the early leached water slightly exceeds the standard level for leached water. The COD value after 4 hours of leaching becomes very small. The mixed soil of sand and organic soil is considered usable as embankment materials when the proportion of organic soil is up to 40% with the corresponding concentration ratio of organic contents is less than 11.3%. Similarly, the mixed soil of granite soil and organic soil is considered usable as earthwork materials when the proportion of organic soil is less than 30% with the corresponding concentration ratio of organic contents is less than 16.4%.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.627-634
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• 2008

This paper presents an optimum mixture design method for proportioning a concrete. In the proposed method, the search space is constrained as the domain defined by the minimal convex region of a database, instead of the available range of each component and the ratio composed of several components. The model for defining the search space which is expressed by the effective region is proposed. The effective region model evaluates whether a mix-proportion is effective on processing for optimization, yielding highly reliable results. Three concepts are adopted to realize the proposed methodology: A genetic algorithm for the optimization; an artificial neural network for predicting material properties; and a convex hull for evaluating the effective region. And then, it was applied to an optimization problem wherein the minimum cost should be obtained under a given strength requirement. Experimental test results show that the mix-proportion obtained from the proposed methodology using convex hulls is found to be more accurate and feasible than that obtained from a general optimum technique that does not consider this aspect.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Cement bonded boards of 10 mm in thickness were produced from the mixture of Gmelina arborea sawdust and corn cob particles. The strength and dimensional stability of cement bonded composites produced from these two mixtures were examined. A total of thirty experimental boards were produced at density level of 1,000 kg/㎥ with cement to fibre ratio of 2.5:1 and 3:1 and five (5) blending proportions of G. arborea sawdust to corn cob particles of 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75 and 100:0. The effect of the cement to fibre ratio and blending proportion on the Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) were determined. The result indicates that as the mixing ratio of cement to fibre and blending proportion of maize cob (75%) to G. arborea (25%) increased, the thickness swelling, water absorption decreased, whereas the MOR and MOE increased. It also shows that most dimensionally stable and flexural strength boards were produced at the highest level of mixing ratios (3:1) and blending proportion of G. arborea to corn cob 25:75. However, the analysis of variance shows that TS and WA were significantly different, whereas, MOE and MOR were not significantly affected by mixing ratios and blending proportions. Finding of this study has shown that maize cob particles are suitable for cement bonded board production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.493-498
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• 2004

The objective of the present study is to compare various conventional and recently evolved satellite image-processing techniques and to ascertain the best possible technique that can identify and position of aquaculture farms accurately in and around the Younggwang coastal area. Several conventional techniques performed to extract such information fiom the Landsat-TM imagery do not seem to yield better information about the aquaculture farms, and lead to misclassification. The large errors between the actual and extracted aquaculture farm information are due to existence of spectral confusion and inadequate spatial resolution of the sensor. This leads to possible occurrence of mixture pixels or 'mixels' of the source of errors in the classification techniques. Understanding the confusing and mixture pixel problems requires the development of efficient methods that can enable more reliable extraction of aquaculture farm information. Thus, the more recently evolved methods such as the step-by-step partial spectral end-member extraction and linear spectral unmixing methods are introduced. The farmer one assumes that an end-member, which is often referred to as 'spectrally pure signature' of a target feature, does not appear to be a spectrally pure form, but always mix with the other features at certain proportions. The assumption of the linear spectral unmxing is that the measured reflectance of a pixel is the linear sum of the reflectance of the mixture components that make up that pixel. The classification accuracy of the step-by-step partial end-member extraction improved significantly compared to that obtained from the traditional supervised classifiers. However, this method did not distinguish the aquaculture ponds and non-aquaculture ponds within the region of the aquaculture farming areas. In contrast, the linear spectral unmixing model produced a set of fraction images for the aquaculture, water and soil. Of these, the aquaculture fraction yields good estimates about the proportion of the aquaculture farm in each pixel. The acquired proportion was compared with the values of NDVI and both are positively correlated (R$^2$ =0.91), indicating the reliability of the sub-pixel classification.ixel classification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.78-82
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• 2010

This study is to test insulation mortar mixed with wastepaper and sawdust to find out its insulation performance. Therefore, wastepaper and sawdust have been added to normal mortar. They are analyzed for the above purpose using compressive strength and insulation performance. It is found that the more wastepaper and sawdust will be mixed, the lower heat conductivity will be taken. Wastepaper and sawdust mixture will be more 2.0% then the insulation mortar quality can be compatible with the 3rd kind of the standard. Optimal mixture for insulation will be wast paper:sawdust=4:6. Cohesive test of materials showed that test material has stronger than stand are $0.10N/mm^2$. It is satisfactory the test result showed a range of $0.12{\sim}0.15N/mm^2$ from the test result. Optimal mixture of wastepaper and sawdust have been found out from the study comprehensively, exclusive of the proportion of wastepaper:sawdust = 8:2. It is thought that standard of length deformation; 0.5% is reasonable. This means that deformation of mortar itself can be considered. But it is also Shown that water mixture has also been sharply changed at first flow test. Therefore, it is thought that absorbed water content in the material gave considerable effect to variation rate.