• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2011

본 연구는 2010년 4월 3일부터 3가지 토양 조성에 따른 섬기린초의 월동 후 생육상태를 측정하였고, 초고-생장시간 생장모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 함수식(Logistic식과 Gompertz식)을 사용하였고, SPSS를 이용하여 비선형 회귀분석을 진행하였다. 섬기린초의 초고-생장시간 생장모형을 통하여 섬기린초 월동 후의 생장과정과 관리방법을 명확하게 파악할 수 있다. 섬기린초의 생육상태 측정치에 의하면, 펄라이트($P_1$)보다는 혼합한 토양($P_2P_1V_1$, $P_1P_2V_1$)의 생육상태가 더 양호하고, 평균초고는 최대 약 2배 정도의 차이가 나타났다. 그리고 섬기린초의 Logistic생장모형과 Gompertz생장모형의 평균결정계수($R^2$)는 0.995, 0.978 순으로 나타났으며, Logistic생장모형의 적합성은 Gompertz생장모형보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 섬기린초의 생장모형을 통하여 월동 후의 생장 기간은 3기간으로 나눌 수 있으며, 생장형태는 "비교적 빠른 생장기간---아주 빠른 생장기간---느린 생장기간"으로 구분할 수 있다. 옥상녹화용 섬기린초를 관리할 때 빠른 생장기간에서만 관리하면 섬기린초의 생육상태는 많이 좋아질 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.151-162
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• 1998

유기질 지반은 압축성과 투수성이 매우 커서 구조물을 시공하는 데 많은 문제를 발생시켜 토지의 효율적인 이용을 어렵게 한다. 이러한 지반에 특별한 공법을 적용하여 유기물의 함량을 감소시킬 수 있다면, 지반의 공학적 성질을 어느 정도 개선할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 유기질 지반내 유기물 함량을 감소시켜 시공후 침하문제를 해결하기 위해 호기성 생분해처리법(aerobic biodegradation)을 이용하여 지반내 유기물의 함량을 감소시키는 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 생분해처리 효과를 높이기 위해 고령토에 톱밥을 심어 조제한 모형 유기질 지반에 산소를 공급하고, 시간 에 따른 용존산소량, 유기물 함량의 변화를 관찰하였다. 산소원으로는 과산화수소 수용액과 산소가 스를 사용하였다. 본 실험을 위해 새로 제작한 직경 130 mm, 높이 300 mm 의 압축시험기로 100 일 동안 모형압축시험을 하였다. 시험결과 산소가스와 영양분을 공급한 시료는 그렇지 않은 경우에 비해 압축량이 30% 정도 더 크게 나타났다. 영양분으로는 $K_2aHPO_4,\; 보다 \;NaNO_2$>, 를 첨가하는 것이 더욱 효과적이었다. 또한 시료에 아지드 나트릅을 사용하여 미생물의 작용을 확인하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2003

The present study aims to evaluate protein and phosphorus availabilities of five different dietary protein sources during the 6-week feeding trial in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus as determined by growth performance and phosphorus retention. Five diets containing blood meal (BM), poultry by-product (PBP), squid liver powder (SLP), feather meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) were prepared by mixing a basal diet (BD) with one of five test ingredients at the ratio of 7 to 3. As a reference diet, BD contains three different protein sources such as white fish meal, casein and gelatin. After 2 weeks of the conditioning period, fish initially averaging 2.7$\pm$0.02g (mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed into each aquarium as a group of 30 fish reared in the recirculating system. Fish of triplicate groups were fed one of six experimental diets (BD+five test diet). After 6-week feeding trial, pro- tein efficency ratio (PER) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in experiment groups. While fish fed PBP diet showed a significant higher PER as compared to the FM diet, and fish fed SLP diet and BD were a higher PER than did fish fed PBP diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed SLP diet, BD and SM diet, and between SM diet and PBP diet. Phosphorus retention efficiency of bone (PR $E_{b}$) of fish fed BM diet was the lowest in all the diets, and fish fed FM diet showed a higher PE $R_{b}$ than fish fed BD and SM diet. However, there was no significant difference in PER among fish fed FM diet, SLP diet and PBP diet, and among SLP diet, PBP diet, SM diet and BD. These results indicate that SLP could be a suitable protein source for low pollution diets of olive flounder in the future fish feeds market. Furthermore, PBP and SM are available protein source to reduce P waste in the oliver flounder aquaculture with the use of proper mixture of other protein sources and more processing to improve protein availibility of these.ese.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2020

Silver diamine fluoride(SDF)는 우식의 정지를 위해 사용될 수 있는 효과적이고 경제적인 약제로, 협조가 힘든 환자나 의과적인 문제로 치료를 받기 힘든 경우 등에서 사용될 수 있다. 이 연구는 타액 생물막을 이용하여 SDF 의 항미생물효과를 평가하고자 시행되었다. 타액을 이용하여 획득피막 유사 구조를 형성한 후, 타액과 Streptococcus mutans를 첨가하여 우식원성의 타액 생물막을 형성하였다. 타액 생물막에 SDF 를 처리한 결과, 전체 미생물과 S. mutans의 수가 유의하게 감소하였다(p < 0.000). CLSM에서도 생물막 내 죽은 세포가 증가하였다. 유치 법랑질과 상아질 시편에 SDF를 처리한 후 우식원성의 생물막을 배양한 결과, SDF 를 처리할 경우 생물막 형성이 저해되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(p = 0.029). 연구 결과 SDF의 뛰어난 항미생물효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이로 인한 임상에서의 항우식효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.662-673
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• 2019

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most destructive plant-parasites worldwide, and RKN control has been attempted mainly using chemical nematicides. However, these chemical nematicides have negative effects on humans and the environment, thus necessitating the search for eco-friendly alternative RKN control methods. Here, we screened nematicidal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi and evaluated their efficacy as biocontrol agents against RKNs. Of 237 bacterial strains, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim0069 showed the strongest nematicidal activity against the second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, and M. hapla and inhibited the egg hatch of M. incognita. The culture filtrate of WiKim0069 had a pH of 4.2 and contained acetic acid (11,190 ㎍/ml), lactic acid (7,790 ㎍/ml), malic acid (470 ㎍/ml), and succinic acid (660 ㎍/ml). An artificial mixture of the four organic acids produced by WiKim0069 also induced 98% M. incognita J2 mortality at a concentration of 1.25%, indicating that its nematicidal activity was derived mainly from the four organic acids. Application of WiKim0069 culture filtrate suppressed the formation of galls and egg masses on tomato roots by M. incognita in a dose-dependent manner in a pot experiment. The fermentation broth of WiKim0069 also reduced gall formation on melon under field conditions, with a higher efficacy (62.8%) than that of fosthiazate (32.8%). This study is the first report to identify the effectiveness of kimchi LAB against RKNs and to demonstrate that the organic acids produced by LAB can be used for the RKN management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1455-1463
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• 2006

Effects of different levels of molasses in a concentrate supplement on milk yield of cows grazing Setaria grass pastures were investigated. Thirty Friesian cows, 6-7 years old with mean pre-experimental body weight of $428{\pm}6.5$ kg, in early stage of lactation were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design experiment that lasted for 126 days. Experimental dietary treatments were forage alone and forage/concentrate mixtures with molasses included at 0, 5, 10 or 15% levels designated as $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$, respectively. The parameters studied were voluntary dry matter (DM) intake, average daily live weight change (LWC), milk yield, body condition score (BCS) and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients. The DM and energy contents of Setaria grass were low compared to the concentrate diets. Fibre fractions-NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose; and gross energy were higher in concentrate mixtures than in the forage. Total DM intake (forage+concentrate mixtures) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in cows on the concentrate mixtures. LWC was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the cows. Average milk yields were significantly different (p<0.05) between cows. Fat corrected milk (FCM) was similar among cows in the treatments. BCS was better (p<0.001) in cows on concentrate mixtures. Digestibilities of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, OM, and energy were significantly higher (p<0.001) in cows on $T_2$, $T_3$, $T_4$ and $T_5$ than in those on $T_1$. There were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and ADL (p>0.001) in cows on concentrate mixtures. This study therefore demonstrated that lactating dairy cows in Fiji need a level of readily fermented energy source such as molasses in their diets; however, a level above 10% is not nutritionally suitable for lactating dairy cows. Based on data on production parameters-milk yield, fat corrected milk, body condition score and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients-molasses levels that range between 5-10% are recommended, however, 10% is the best and therefore recommended for inclusion in the concentrate mixture of lactating dairy cows on a basal diet of Setaria sphacelata in Fiji.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1999

소나무류의 뿌리나 토양에서 분리된 균근균의 배양특성 비교와 인공접종에 의한 소나무 묘목에의 균근형성을 시도하였다. 소나무류 균근균은 다양한 생장특성을 지니고 있었는데, 배지별 생장에서 민자주방망이버섯(Ln73/92)은 PDA 에서, Paxillus sp.는 FDA 에서, 알버섯(FRI91017)은 Hagem배지에서, 나머지 균근균들은 MP배지에서 생장이 양호하였다. 용도나 pH를 달리한 배양조건에서 대부분의 균근균들은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 생장이 양호하였으나 모래밭버섯(FRI91004와 Pt 1)은 $30^{\circ}C$가 최적온도였고, pH도 균근균의 종류에 따라 약산성에서부터 약알칼리성에 이르기까지 최적 pH가 다양하였다. 생장시에 선호하는 탄소원의 종류도 균근균의 종류에 따라 다양하였으나 탄소원으로 xylose를 첨가한 배지에서는 모든 균근균의 생장이 불량하였다. 질소원은 $KNO_3$ 또는 asparagine을 선호하는 종류가 많았고 urea를 첨가한 배지에서는 거의 모든 균근균이 생장하지 못하였다. 균근균을 해송묘목에 인공접종하여 균근균을 형성시킨 결과, 모래밭버섯인 Pt1균주만 3개월만에 성공적으로 균근을 형성하여 외생균근의 전형적인 특징인 두꺼운 균사막으로 덮인 분지된 세근이 관찰되었으며 조직염색법에 의해 처리된 균근형성뿌리의 횡단절단면을 Nomarski interference microscope로 관찰하여 표피세포에 형성된 fungal mantle과 피층세포에 형성된 Hartig net을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1992

수질오염에 따른 Pb의 함량변화 차이를 구명하기 위하여 도시하수 및 공단배출수의 영향을 받는 만경강 유역의 논토양을 중심으로 1982년도에 표토와 심토를 구분하여 채취한 토양시료와 1990년도에 채취한 토양시료를, 그리고 1990년도의 토양시료 채취 지역에서 재배된 수도체 시료 중 Pb함량을 분석하여 변화 요인을 추적 분석하였다. 만경강 유역의 토양 중 Pb함량은 13.2-56.4mg $kg^{-1}$의 범위였고 년도별 표${\cdot}$심토가 함량간에 상관관계가 있었다. 1990년도 토양 중 Pb함량이 1982년도 토양 보다 조금 높았다. 그리고 도시하수 유입지역으로부터 거리별 Pb함량 변화가 1982년보다 1990년도 토양이 보다 규칙적으로 거리가 멀수록 그 양이 감소하고 있었다. 또한 이 지역의 토양 중 Pb함량은 1982년도에 토양의 점토 및 유기물 함량과 치환성 $Ca^{++}$함량과 유의성 있는 상관관계가 있었고, 토양 중의 Cu 및 Zn함량과 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수도체 부위별 평균 Pb축적량은 엽초중에서 가장 많았으며 이는 현미중 Pb함량에 비하여 3.42배가 되었으며 현미중 Pb함량은 3.1-10.47mg $kg^{-1}$의 범위였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1617-1626
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding essential oils to the diet of weaned pigs on performance, nutrient utilization, immune response and intestinal health. A total of 96 weaning pigs ($8.37{\pm}1.58$ kg) were allotted to one of three dietary treatments. The treatments consisted of an unsupplemented basal diet (negative control, NC) or similar diets supplemented with 0.01% of an essential oil product which contained 18% thymol and cinnamaldehyde (EOD) as well as a diet supplemented with 0.19% of an antibiotic mixture which provided 150 ppm chlortetracycline, 80 ppm colistin sulfate and 50 ppm kitasamycin (positive control, PC). Each treatment was provided to eight pens of pigs with four pigs per pen. Over the entire 35 d experiment, ADG and fecal score were improved (p<0.05) for pigs fed the PC and EOD compared with the NC. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility as well as lymphocyte proliferation for pigs fed the PC and EOD diets were increased significantly compared with NC (p<0.05). IGF-I levels in plasma were significantly increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC diet compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Interleukin-6 concentration was lower (p<0.05) and the tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level was higher (p<0.05) in the plasma of pigs fed the EOD diet than the NC diet. Plasma total antioxidant capacity level increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the EOD diet compared with pigs fed the NC. Villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was greater (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC and EOD diets than the NC. The numbers of E. coli in the cecum, colon and rectum were reduced (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC and EOD diets compared with the control. In the colon, the ratio of Lactobacilli to E. coli was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the EOD diet compared with NC diet. Total aerobe numbers in the rectum were decreased (p<0.05) in pigs fed the PC and EOD diets compared with the control. Collectively, these results indicate that blends of essential oils could be a candidate for use as an alternative to traditional antibiotics in weaning pig diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2001

Previous studies conducted with swine have reported that the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) does not always accurately predict in vivo nutrient digestibilities. Therefore, in this study, the MNBT was modified so that nutrient digestibilities would more closely resemble those from conventional (Con) digestibility studies obtained using the indicator method. A total of 19 feeds were tested including five cereal grains, five legumes, three high protein sources and six mixed diets. The principle changes to the MNBT included the use of a fecal collection harness which minimized the number of bags lost. In addition, previous protocols involved pooling of bags within pig while in the present experiment all bags were analyzed separately to increase the precision of the test. Finally, chemical analyses were done using the entire nylon bag plus residue rather than opening.the bags and scraping out the contents. With the exception of the barley sample (p=0.01), dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficients obtained with the MNBT were not significantly different from those obtained with the indicator method. The linear regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con DMD=-O.77+1.02 MNBT DMD ($r^2=0.93$: p<0.0001). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in gross energy digestibility (GED) coefficients determined using the MNBT or the indicator method for any of the 19 feeds. The regression line equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con GED=-5.68+1.06 MNBT GED ($r^2=0.94$: p<0.0001). The MNBT was less effective in predicting in vivo crude protein digestibility (CPD) than it was in predicting dry matter and energy digestibility. Differences greater than five percentage units were observed for two of the legumes, Kabuli chickpeas (p=0.02) and the extruded pea-canola seed mixture (p=0.01) as well as for three of the mixed diets including the unheated hulled barley-based diet (p=0.01), the unheated hulless-barley based diet (p=0.08) and the barley-soybean meal based diet (p=0.008). The regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con CPD=5.75 + 0.90 MNBT CPO ($r^2=0.76$; p<0.0001). This study indicates that the modified MNBT can be used for the rapid determination of dry matter and energy digestibility in a wide variety of ingredients. For the measurement of crude protein digestibility, the technique produces results similar to conventional digestibility studies for cereal grains and high protein feeds but tends to overestimate protein digestibility for legumes and mixed diets.