• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2005

The usage of mixed 2D and 3D CAD data of commercial CAD systems is required in the construction practice. Sometimes 3D wireframe model is required by end-users when 2D CAD data is delivered. However, current KOSDIC can not represent 3D CAD data, because it has been developed as a 2D drawing delivery standard. Therefore, this study is to provide exchange and sharing of mixed 2D and 3D CAD data that add 3D wireframe model in the KOSDIC. To achieve this purpose, the authors have investigated the 3D CAD entities of commercial CAD systems, and have analyzed STEP standards providing 3D wireframe model. The result, the authors have extracted 3D CAD common entities based wireframe model which shall be added in the KOSDIC. This study can be beneficial by using the developed data model for heterogeneous CAD systems, and by providing the representation of mixed 2D and 3D CAD data in construction practice such as GIS, piping system, and so forth.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

In the urban area where rapid suburbanization trend continues, the role of mixed use building is controversial. It is argued that the mixed use building is an effective tool to recover residential function of urban core(urban regeneration). It is also argued that the building is a cause of serious urban problems, such as congestion, public service shortages. The fundamental purpose of this study is to examine the role of mixed use building in terms of urban growth management in Seoul. For this purpose, data of mixed use building from 1981 to 2007 are collected and analysed. The results show that most of mixed use buildings are located in either sub-centers or population losing areas, rather than traditional urban core. Therefore, it is hard to accept that the two controversial arguments. The mixed use building noncore areas in most cases. However, it dose help to increase population inflow in non-core areas. it is difficult to accept the public service assertion which states that super-high rise mixed use building causes public service congestion, because the building is built in population losing or demand decreasing area. Based on these findings this study suggests some policy alternatives such as urban service boundary or concurrency program to management urban growth.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2020

Schwarz's Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is one of the most popular criteria for model selection, that was derived under the assumption of independent and identical distribution. For correlated data in longitudinal studies, Jones (Statistics in Medicine, 30, 3050-3056, 2011) modified the BIC to select the best linear mixed effects model based on the effective sample size where the number of parameters in covariance structure was not considered. In this paper, we propose an extended Jones' modified BIC by considering covariance parameters. We conducted simulation studies under a variety of parameter configurations for linear mixed effects models. Our simulation study indicates that our proposed BIC performs better in model selection than Schwarz's BIC and Jones' modified BIC do in most scenarios. We also illustrate an example of smoking data using a longitudinal cohort of cancer patients.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2008

Parallel coordinate plot of Inselberg (1985) is useful for visualizing dozens of variables, but so far the plot's applicability is limited to the variables of numerical type. The aim of this study is to extend the parallel coordinate plot so that it can accommodate both numerical and categorical variables. We combine Hayashi's (1950, 1952) quantification method of categorical variables and Hurley's (2004) endlink algorithm of ordering variables for the parallel coordinate plot. In line with our former study (Kwak and Huh, 2008), we develop Andrews' type modification of conventional straight-lines parallel coordinate plot to visualize the mixed-type data.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

In this paper, we present a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor with four parallel data paths for multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing ultra-wideband systems. The proposed 128-point FFT processor employs both a modified radix-$2^4$ algorithm and a radix-$2^3$ algorithm to significantly reduce the numbers of complex constant multipliers and complex booth multipliers. It also employs substructure-sharing multiplication units instead of constant multipliers to efficiently conduct multiplication operations with only addition and shift operations. The proposed FFT processor is implemented and tested using 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The hardware- efficient 128-point FFT processor with four data streams can support a data processing rate of up to 1 Gsample/s while consuming 112 mW. The implementation results show that the proposed 128-point mixed-radix FFT architecture significantly reduces the hardware cost and power consumption in comparison to existing 128-point FFT architectures.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Mixed reality (MR) representation of accounting numbers is used as an alternative way of virtually engaging users of real three dimensional graphics of financialdata. An experiment was conducted to compare the usability and knowledge drawn from utilizing a table of numbers versus MR representations. The results showed that when MR was used, the participants' ratings of the firm's financial status and performance were more congruent with those of experts than when a table was employed. Also, MR was seen as providing less complex information with a shorter amount of time being spent and was perceived as being easy and useful.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이터정보과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

본 논문은 개체의 반응에 영향을 미치는 독립변수들중 일부는 고정요인들이고 일부는 확률요인들로 간주되며 반응연수가 다가범주를 갖는 명목형 변수일때, 다원분류표에서 자료를 분석하기 위한 모형으로 혼합효과 모형을 제시하고 모형내 미지모수들을 추정하는 방법을 다루고 있다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1037-1047
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• 2012

The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM) is widely used in fitting categorical responses of clustered data. In the numerical approximation of likelihood function the normality is assumed for the random effects distribution; subsequently, the commercial statistical packages also routinely fit GLMM under this normality assumption. We may also encounter departures from the distributional assumption on the response variable. It would be interesting to investigate the impact on the estimates of parameters under misspecification of distributions; however, there has been limited researche on these topics. We study the sensitivity or robustness of the maximum likelihood estimators(MLEs) of GLMM for counts data when the true underlying distribution is normal, gamma, exponential, and a mixture of two normal distributions. We also consider the effects on the MLEs when we fit Poisson-normal GLMM whereas the outcomes are generated from the negative binomial distribution with overdispersion. Through a small scale Monte Carlo study we check the empirical coverage probabilities of parameters and biases of MLEs of GLMM.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 10th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.973-979
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• 2024

In this research, we present the implementation of a mixed-input neural network for daylight prediction in the architectural design process. This approach harnesses the advantages of both image and numerical inputs to construct a robust neural network model. The hybrid model consists of two branches, each handling in-depth information about the building. Consequently, this model can effectively accommodate a wide range of building layouts, incorporating additional information for enhanced predictions. The building data was created utilizing PlanFinder in Rhino Grasshopper, while simulation data were generated using Honeybee and Ladybug. Weather data were collected from three distinct localities in Vietnam: Ha Noi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City. The neural network demonstrates outstanding performance, achieving an R-squared (R2) value of 0.95 and the overall percentage difference in the testing dataset ranges from 0 to 20.7%.

• 아동학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.153-171
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine children's social-cognitive modes of play in same-age and mixed-age kindergarten classrooms. The subjects were 45 children. in three classrooms of 4-year-olds, 69 children in three classrooms of 5-year-olds, and 60 children in three mixed-age classrooms of 4- and 5-year-olds. Observations were conducted by videotape recordings. Observation periods were of five-minutes duration. There were ten observations of each child's indoor free-play periods. Observational data were collected by the time sampling method with the social cognitive play behavioral checking list based on an adaptation of one devised by Rubin(1985). The data was analyzed by t-test with the SAS computer program. Four- and five-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms were more likely to engage in "complex" modes of play than 4- and 5-year-olds in same-age classrooms. Four-year-olds in same-age classrooms were more likely to engage in solitary-functional, parallel-functional, and group-functional play than 4-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms. However, 4-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms were more likely to engage in group-constructive, group-dramatic, solitary-game, and group-game play than 4-year-olds in same-age classrooms. Five-year-olds in same-age classes were more likely to engage in solitary-functional and parallel-functional play than 5-year-olds in mixed-age classes. Five-year-olds in mixed-age classes were more likely to engage in group-constructive, group-dramatic, and group-game play than their counterparts in same-age settings.