• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.142-145
• /
• 2007

몇 수종을 대상으로 한 용기 양묘에서 폐암면 혼합 배지 이용 시 폐암면과 다른 배지의 혼합 비율에 따른 생육 특성을 조사하였다. 폐암면 혼합 비율에 따른 소나무의 생육 특성에서 생체중, 건물중 및 수고는 50% 와 70% 혼합배지에서 기장 좋았지만 원줄기 직경은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 비자나무에서 생체중과 수고는 70% 혼합배지에서 가장 많이 증가하였고 원줄기 직경과 신초수는 50% 와 70% 혼합배지에서 많이 증가하였다. 상수리나무에서 생체중, 수고 및 원줄기 직경은 50%와 70% 혼합배 지에서 좋았고, 건물중은 혼합배지와 대조구간 차이를 나타났으나 혼합 비율간에는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 잎의 엽록소 함량도 70% 혼합배지에서 높게 나타났으며 이에 광합성도 가장 활발하였다. 들메나무에서 생체 중은 70% 혼합배지에서 월등히 많이 증가하였지만, 수고와 원줄기 직경은 폐암면 혼합배지와 대조구 간 차이만 나타나고 혼합 비율간에는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 잎의 엽록소 함량은 처리 간 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 혼합 배지에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었지만, 광합성은 70% 혼합배지에서 아주 활발하였다.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 완벽주의가 스케일링 실습 시 실습불안과 스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 경기도에 소재한 S대학에서 치위생과 치면세마실습 과목을 수강하여 치위생과 실습실에 내원한 환자를 대상으로 스케일링 실습을 한 학생 122명을 대상으로 2008년 5월 1일부터 5월 31일까지 스케일링 실습 전과 실습 후에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이차원적 완벽주의의 하위요인인 성취추구 요인과 실패회피 요인 점수에 따라 네 가지 유형의 완벽주의 집단으로 구분하고 실습 시 스트레스와 실습 전후의 불안을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 완벽주의 유형에 따라 실습 스트레스에 차이가 있는지를 확인하기 위하여 완벽주의 네 집단을 독립변인으로 하고, 실습 스트레스 점수를 종속변인으로 한 분산분석을 실시한 결과 실습 스트레스는 완벽주의 유형에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 확인할 수 없었다. 2. 실습 전 특질불안 점수와 실습 전 상태불안점수, 실습 전 전체불안 검사는 완벽주의 유형에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 차이는 성취 추구 요인과 실패회피 요인 모두 낮은 비완벽주의 집단에 비해 성취추구 요인과 실패회피 요인 모두 높은 혼합집단 간 차이로 인해 나타났다. 다시 말해 비완벽주의 집단에 비해 혼합집단이 실습 전에 모든 불안 점수가 더 높았다. 3. 실습 전에 비해 실습 후에 불안 점수가 감소하였는지 검증하기 위하여 상태불안의 실습 전 점수와 실습 후 점수를 이용하여 반복 측정 분산분석(Repeated Measure ANOVA)을 실시하였으며 분석결과 불안의 전체 점수는 93.71 에서 89.66점으로 감소하였으며 하위요인인 상태불안 점수도 45.49에서 43.38점으로 감소하였다. 이는 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 4. 이차원적 완벽주의척도의 하위요인인 성취추구요인과 실패회피요인이 실습 전후 표준화된 상태불안 점수의 차이값에 미치는 영향력을 검증하기 위하여 회귀분석을 실시하여 개별적인 예측변인의 준거변인에 대한 기여도와 통계적 유의미성을 검정한 결과, 실패회피는 상태불안에 정적으로 유의미한 예측변인이었지만, 성취추구는 준거변인에 영양을 주지 않았다. 즉, 실패회피 정도가 높을수록 실습기간 동안 상태불안이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 결과를 볼 때 스케일링 실습 시 실습지도자는 학생들의 완벽주의 성향에 따른 실습불안을 감소시키기 위한 노력이 필요하며 학생들에게 성취추구적 동기를 부여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이 중요하다고 하겠다.

• 대순사상논총
• /
• 제17권
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2004

The third teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism have been coexisted and had effect on the oriental spirits for long times. The doctrines of the Confucianism, the Buddhism, and the Taoism are represented as 'moral culture', 'practice', and "training" respectively. The practices of three teachings had individual ways. But in the late Han-dynasty, they had coexisted and effects on one another, then finally had been united since the Song-dynasty. The Confucianism, which advocated "xiū-jǐ-zhì-rén(修己治人: Practising oneself and controlling others)" and "nèi-shèng-wài-wáng(內聖外王: Establishing natural law in oneself and presenting it to others)", put an emphasis on the practice for personality by "Kŏgzĭ(孔子)" and "Mèngzĭ(孟子)". For example, the practices of "Yăng qi(養氣)", "Jìn Xīn(盡心)", and "Cún Xīn(存心)" reflect this doctrines. In the Song-dynasty, "Zhū-xī(朱熹)" established the 'New Confucianism', the study of "Jū-Jìng-qióng-lĭ'", which put an equality with "human nature" and natural law. It is so-called as "Seong-li-hark" in Korea. Therefore, it came to life again by emphasizing 'jīng-shì: Ruling the world' and "moral culture". The Taoism, which pursued "yán-mìng-cháng-shòu(延命長壽: Maintenance of a Scanty existence long life)" and "dào-tōng-shén-xian"(道通神仙: Spiritual awakening Shén-Xian), originally put an emphasis on the practice of body and mind. For example, "Lăozi(老子)" and "Zhuāngzĭ(莊子)" suggested "bāoyī(包一)", "Shŏuyī(守一)", and "Zuòwàng(坐忘)". After the religious body of the Taoism had been established, "Gè-hóng(葛洪)" accomplished the "Nèidān(內丹)" and "Wàidān(外丹)" as practice methods. As times went over, the "Nèidān(內丹)" of "Yăng-Shēng-Wŭ-Dà-Yāo(養生五大要)" including "bì-gŭ(辟穀)", "fú-qì(服氣)", "dăo-yĭn(導引)", "fáng-zhōng(房中)", and "fú-ěr(服餌)", has been the mainstreams for practice. Since the Song dynasty, "sān-jiào-hé-yī-sī-xiǎng(三敎合一思想: Three Teachings are the each other same thoughts)" had been put on emphasis and the three teachings were effected one another, and all of them attached importance to practical training. Therefore, the practice ways in civil societies have been mixed, the origins of them are difficult to divide definitely. The Korean society also has the vague origins of them and reflects the theses historic traditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.349-355
• /
• 1992

In order to explore feeding practices of large ruminants and methods followed in the rural areas, an exploratory survey was made during the period from January 1988 to January 1989 in eight different agro-ecological areas of Bangladesh in relation to the existing seasons and farmers' categories. The study shows what feeding practices varied (p<0.01) from area to area and season to season but not with the farmers' category. Considering the overall picture of feeding practices existing in the country, it can be observed that bigger proportion of farmers practiced stall feeding and tethering ($38.4{\pm}35.1$) followed by stall fed ($34.3{\pm}35.2$) and grazing or tethering ($17.3{\pm}26.7$). The figure with wider deviations indicates that farmers in the rural areas did not follow a smooth feeding practice, the system is rather a complex, heterogenous and a mere consequence of existing land use system. The results of feeding methods of by-product concentrates indicate that it also varied (p<0.01) from area to area but however, not with seasons and farmers' category. It is observed that bigger proportion of farmers fed concentrates to their animals mixed with water ($74.1{\pm}30.3$) followed by mixed with roughage and water ($10.3{\pm}13.3$) or fed alone ($5.6{\pm}14.2$). The method like feeding practice is also complex and heterogenous in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Hence, it is needed to develop a strategic feeding system and method identifying the problems associated with those.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.555-563
• /
• 1999

This study was executed for 300 mothers bringing up a child below 3 years in the area of Kangnung to assess the current weaning practice of infants. 24.6% of mother surveyed were breast-fed, 57.8% were formula-fed and 17.5% were mixed-fed. The rate of breast feeding was lower and the rate of bottle feeding was higher in infants whose mothers had more income or higher educational period or full-time job. Most of the respondents knew the significance of supplementary food. 41.4% of the subjects started weaning of their infants at 3-4 months, and 84.1% of them set on weaning in less than 7 months after babies were born. And 39.4% of the subjects finished weaning of their infants in less than one year. The infants of this study preferred the fruits and fishes to meats, vegetables and beans that served to them as supplementary food. Mothers showed deep interest in recipe of weaning food(48.5%), adequate quantity of weaning food(36.3%), information on commercial food for infants(32.2%), and sequence in which semi-solid food are introduced(31.9%). From these results, it is suggested that education program in primary health center for improvement of weaning practice of infants should be implemented reflecting needs of mothers.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.521-534
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study to provide base data of various dental hygiene management systems are necessary to improve the oral health of visitor oral prophylaxis practice units, investigating and analyzing the oral health behavior and awareness of 130 scaling patients who visited the oral prophylaxis practice units of J Health College from April to May of the year 2007. The following conclusions were obtained 1. 50% of them had more than 2 times of toothbrushing a day, and 45.5% had more than 3 times of toothbrushing a day. 2. Toothbrushing was done after having a breakfast in 75.4% and 71.5% brushed their teeth after having a dinner. As the time to brush teeth, 45.4% of the subjects spentless than 3 minutes and 39.2% of them spent less than 2 minutes, and 48.5% of them bushed their teeth in up and down directions and 43.8% used mixed approaches. 3. The usage period of a toothbrush lasted about 3 month in 33.1% and 26.2% used a toothbrush about 2 month, and 20% of the subjects had the experience of using dental floss or interdental brush. 4. 61.5% of the subjects had the experience of having scaling treatment. The frequency of scaling was found to be 38.5%. 5. As the cause of having caries of the teeth, 73.8% responded it as unfaithfully brushing and 50% the subjects considered smoking is very harmful to dental health. 6. The most important behavior for dental health was found to be not eating sugars that were pointed out by 75.4% of subjects. Based upon the above listed study results, various dental hygiene management systems are necessary to improve the oral health of patients who visit oral prophylaxis practice units, especially, the correct toothbrushing and periodic oral examination with preventive scaling were thought to be necessary.

• 모자간호학회지
• /
• 제1권
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the determinants of mother's choice of infant feeding method on immediate postpartum period & the breast feeding practice after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5months. The subjects were 170 mothers who were delivered at 2 hospital, 2 OBGY clinics, 1 midwifery in Jinju, the data were collected from Jan. 1 to Feb. 20 of 1991, form each subject at two periods of time ; postpartum 2 or 3 days via interview, 5months via telephone interview. The results were as fellows : 1. The propotion of mother planned exclusive breast-feeding was 66.5%, milk feeding 17.6%, mixed feeding 15.9%, End 38.9% of mothers planned to breast-feed their infants for 4-6moths, 25.7% for more than 12 months. The major reasons for selection of milk feeding method were the presence of mother's job(26.7%), the conditions of breast & milk production(23.7%). 2. There were significant relations between the choice of feeding method & the presence of s job(p<.01), & parity(p<.01). 3. The percentages of subjects that were received education about the advantages & method of breast feeding were 63.5%, 38.2%, respectively, & the informants were mass media, 89.8%, 81.5%. 4. The most of mothers had the knowledge about the advantages of breast feeding. 5. The percentage of mothers that practiced breast feeding on postpartum were 75.9%. 6. The rates of breast feeding practice by duration were more than 5months, 60.5%, 1 month, 27.1%, 2-4 months. 12.3%. 7. The reasons for the stop of breast feeding were the decrease of milk volume(22.9%), the presence of mother's job(17.4%). 8. The duration of breast feeding practice were differed significantly by the presence of mother's job, type of delivery, rooming-in, planned duration of breast feeding, the first feeding time.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.126-133
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The glycemic index (GI) is a measure of the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) to food items, and glycemic load (GL) is a measure of the PPGR to the diet. For those who need to maintain a healthy diet, it is beneficial to regulate appropriate levels of blood glucose. In reality, what influences the meal GI or GL depends on the macronutrient composition and the physical chemistry reactions in vivo. Thus, we investigated whether different macronutrients in a meal significantly affect the PPGR and the validity of calculated GI and GL values for mixed meals. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 12 healthy subjects (6 male, 6 female) were recruited at a campus setting, and subjects consumed a total of 6 test meals one by one, each morning between 8:00 and 8:30 am after 12 h of fasting. PPGR was measured after each consumed meal and serial finger pricks were performed at indicated times. Test meals included 1) 68 g oral glucose, 2) 210 g rice, 3) rice plus 170 g egg white (RE), 4) rice plus 200 g bean sprouts (RS), 5) rice plus 10 g oil (RO), and 6) rice plus, egg white, bean sprouts, and oil (RESO). The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated to assess the PPGR. Mixed meal GI and GL values were calculated based on the nutrients the subjects consumed in each of the test meals. RESULTS: The iAUC for all meals containing two macronutrients (RS, RO, or RE) were not significantly different from the rice iAUC, whereas, the RESO iAUC ($2,237.5{\pm}264.9$) was significantly lower (P < 0.05). The RESO meal's calculated GI and GL values were different from the actual GI and GL values measured from the study subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mixed meal containing three macronutrients (RESO) decreased the PPGR in healthy individuals, leading to significantly lower actual GI and GL values than those derived by nutrient-based calculations. Thus, consuming various macronutrient containing meals is beneficial in regulating PPGR.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.426-439
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and practice on well-being life and well-being related behaviors, and the various factors affecting well-being related behaviors such as purchasing food materials, food habits, eating out and daily routine activities. A survey was conducted by questionnaire and on a 5-point Likert scale. The subjects of this study were composed of 221 students and their 102 parents who were over 40 years residing in the Ulsan area. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Almost half of the subjects (47.4%) responded that they have good health conditions; to keep a good health condition, 41.2% of the subjects were exercising regularly and 20.4% of them kept diet control. In regard to the meaning of well-being, 66.6% of the subjects thought it is the lifestyle for physical and mental richness (children: 70.6%, parents: 57.8%). 30.3% of the subjects answered that the most important part of well-being was food related. The importance order was mental richness, food related things, physical health for children, and for the parents, it was food related things, physical health, mental richness. Most of population (45.8%) answered that they have a willingness for the pursuit of a well-being life. Among the well-being related behaviors, 69.7% of subjects have purchased items (children: 61.5%, parents: 87.3%). 37.2% of the subjects have acquired information from TV. The average well-being practice score was $61.01{\pm}10.36$. Children's scores were significantly lower than the parent's scores (p < 0.001). And the average practice score of 'purchasing food materials,' 'eating out,' 'food habits,' 'daily routine activities' were $15.3{\pm}3.3,\;15.5{\pm}3.1,\;16.8{\pm}3.3$ and $13.4{\pm}3.5$, respectively. Among five types of purchasing food materials, 'purchasing domestic agricultural food' was greatest ($3.64{\pm}0.91$) and 'purchasing of organic or low agricultural chemical food products' was lowest ($3.15{\pm}0.91$). In regard to food habits, 'eating rice and bread made of mixed grains' was greatest ($3.46{\pm}1.12$) and 'eating uncooked food or zen food' was lowest ($2.46{\pm}0.99$). The practice scores were significantly affected by gender (p < 0.05), monthly income (p < 0.01), educational level (p < 0.01), presence of disease (p < 0.05), subjective health condition (p < 0.05), well-being awareness (p < 0.001) and concern with well-being (p < 0.001). Well-being awareness scores and well-being practice scores are related positively. Therefore various programs in well-being education should be necessary in order to boost the authentic perceptions of well-being and well-being oriented behaviors in any socioeconomic situation, such as different generations; industrial companies producing well-being goods for consumer's needs and satisfaction; and government and local community create various conditions for well-being oriented behavior.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2024

본 연구는 국내 간호대학생의 신생아 시뮬레이션 실습교육 관련 연구동향을 살펴보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 문헌수집은 국내 6개 전자 데이터베이스에서 ('신생아 시뮬레이션')과 ('간호학생' OR '간호대학생' OR '학생간호사')로 조합하여 검색한 결과 총 17편을 선정하였다. 연구결과는 2011년~2015년 7편으로 시작하여 2016년~2020년 5편과 2021년~2023년 5편으로 다소 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구설계는 양적연구 총 16편(94%)으로 중재연구 15편(88%), 서술적 조사연구 1편(6%)이고, 혼합연구는 1편(6%)이었다. 시뮬레이션 주요 사례 주제는 고위험 신생아 간호 9편(52%), 호흡곤란증후군 중환아 간호 3편(18%), 신생아 간호 3편(18%) 정상 신생아 간호 1편(6%), 신생아 응급 기도 간호 1편(6%)으로 나타났다. 주요 결과 변수 및 적용효과는 임상수행능력 5편(19.2%)이 가장 많았고 그 다음 순으로 실습만족도 3편(11.5%)이었고 적용 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 간호대학생의 신생아 시뮬레이션 실습교육의 확대, 반복연구, 질적연구 등 다양한 연구방법이 요구된다.