• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1998

There is a lot of difficulty in the diagnosis of follicular lesions of the thyroid by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). The main purpose of this report is offering more guidance regarding the cytologic appearance to distinguish follicular neoplasm from nodular golfer and laying stress on the presence of mixed group. The histologic and cytologic findings of 23 follicular neoplasms and 13 nodular (adenomatous) getters were reviewed. Histologic specimens were classified into the microfollicular(MIF), mixed(MIX), and nodular getter(NG) groups. The comparison of histologic patterns with histologic diagnosis revealed that all the lesions with predominantly microfollicular, trabecular, or solid pattern were follicular carcinoma and all the lesions with predominantly macrofollicular pattern were nodular goiter. The distinguishing cytologic features for the MIF group were irregular cell arrangement in cell groups(100%, p=0.00001), absence of atrophic follicular cells(100%, p=0.0007), abundant microfollicles(100%, 0=0.002), pleomorphic nuclei(100%, p=0.002), not predominant syncytial smear pattern(100%, p=0.002), heterochromatin(100%, p=0.032), absence of macrofollicles(100%, p=0.038), scant colloid(100%, 0=0.04), clear back-ground(83%, p=0.00006), and uniform sized follicles(83%, p=0.014). And regular cell arrangement(honeycomb appearance) in cell groups(85%, p=0.0000), atrophic change of follicular cells(69%, p=0.0002), syncytial smear pattern(54%, p=0.000), monomorphic nuclei(85%, p=0.008), and hemorrhagic background(100%, p=0.027) were characteristic features of the NG group. Seventeen out of 36 cases(47%) were the MIX group composed of combined cytologic features of the MIF and NG groups. Therefore the frequent presence of the MIX group is considered to be main cause of the difficulty in the diagnosis of follicular lesions by FNAC. The mixed morphologic feature may support the hypothesis of a biologic 'continuum' between nodular goiter and follicular neoplasm of thyroid gland.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2001

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonogram as a preoperative diagnostic tool in thyroid nodular diseases, this study was carried out. Materials and Methods: From January 1998 to December 1999, 51 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed retrospectively. We compared the finally histopathological results to ultrasonographical findings such as internal consistency, multiplicity of nodules, nodular ehogenicity, nodular capsule or margin, calcification of nodules. Results: There were 47 females and 4 males with 25 benign tumor, 23 malignant tumor and 3 occult carcinoma in histopathological diagnosis. The solid tumors in ultrasonography carried a probability of malignancy as 66.7%(16/24 cases) whereas cystic or mixed tumors as 16.7%(1/6cases) or 23.8%(5/21cases) (p=0.006). The single nodular diseases carried a high probability of malignancy as 50%(13/26cases) whereas multiple diseases as 28.6%(6/21cases). The hypoechogenicity of thyroid nodular disease showed a probability of malignancy as 60%(9/15cases) whereas mixed-echogenicity as 36.4%(4/11cases). The nodules with poorly-defined margin in ultrasonographic findings showed higher probability of malignancy as 63.6% (7/11cases) than the nodules with well -defined margin as 26.5%(9/34 cases) (p=0.025). The nodules with calcification in ultrasonographic findings were represented to high probability of malignancy as 70.6%(12/17cases) compared to those without calcification as 29.4%(10/34cases) (p=0.005). The differency between ultrasonic and histopathological diagnosis was high in solid nodules(33%), 3-4cm sized nodules (28.6%) and mixed echogenecity(27.3%) whereas low in complex nodules with cystic and solid nature(4.8%), 2-3 cm sized nodules(8.3%) and pooly defined margin(9.1%). The accuracies of sonography in differentiating malignacy from benign thyroid nodules were 7.1% of false positivity, 39.1% of false negativity, 60.9% of sensitivity, 92.9% of specificity and 78.4% of accuracy. Conclusion: Sonographic examination was relatively excellent test as a preoperative diagnostic tool in thyroid nodular diseases when detailed checklists were applied such as internal consistency, multiplicity of nodules, nodular ehogenicity, nodular capsule or margin and calcification of nodules.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.494-500
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• 2020

Objective: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. Materials and Methods: As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. Results: Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). Conclusion: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1993

This survey was performed to report rare outbreak of liver cirrhosis in Korean native goat (KNG) which was died of Yangpyeong's goat farm on Feb. 1992. The examination for the KNG was carried out by clinical signs, necropsy and various lab-oratory test including parasitic, bacterial and histological test. The KNG looked jaundice, ascite, hemorrhage of lumen, abomasum and intestine, and brownish smooth cirrhotic liver at necropsy. Histological examination for liver revealed considerable proliferation of connective tissue and piecemeal necrosis which was caused by chronic active inflammation in interlobules and intralobules. There were atrophic micro and macro nodules which were sur-rounded by connective tissue. The lobular structure lack almost all central vein. The portal areas appearred proliferation of bile ducts, blood vessels and connective tissues. These connective tissue infiltrated heavily with plasma cells, Iymphocytes and histocytes. Histological examination for brain proved to be hepatic encephalopathy by virture of congestion and edema in cerebral medullary. From these results were demonstrated miked nodular, active, postnecrotic liver cirrhosis.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2004

The current efficiency and the microstructure of the trivalent Cr deposits plated in flow cell system were investigated according to additives in sulfate bath and current density. The current efficiency of the deposits plated in the formic acid complexed bath was noticeably higher than that of the deposits from glycine complexed bath. The current efficiency of the deposits from the complexed baths with boric acid buffer increased linearly with current density in the range of 60-100 A/dm$^2$, while that of the deposits from the baths with both Al sulfate and mixed buffers increased parabolically with current density. The nodular crystallite size of the deposits increased with current density, and the deposits plated in low current density region had relatively smooth surface appearance with fine grains. The structure of the deposits from the complexed baths with boric acid buffer changed from amorphous structure to crystalline one with strong (110)peak with increasing current density. The deposits from the baths with both Al sulfate and mixed buffers had generally amorphous structure.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2007

Authors report a very rare case of primary Hodgkin's lymphoma limited to the cerebellum. A 64-year-old female patient presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a nodular enhancing mass in the left cerebellar hemisphere. Tumor was removed totally with retromastoid suboccipital approach. Diagnosis was Hodgkin's lymphoma of mixed cellularity type, consisting of a dense mixed inflammatory infiltrate containing scattered large atypical mononuclear Hodgkin's cell and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. Systemic work-up for the Hodgkin's lymphoma was followed with negative result. Postoperative radiation therapy was given and the patient is disease-free at 16 months after the operation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4009-4011
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• 2016

Background: Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell lymphoid neoplasm characterized by a distinctive biological behavior with potentially curable disease characteristics. It is an uncommon hematological malignancy which primarily affects younger individuals. The rationale of this study was to determine its clinico-hematological profile along with stage stratification in Pakistani patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, adult patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014. Results: Sixty two histopathologically confirmed cases of cHL were identified. There were 42 males and 20 females, with a male to female ratio of 2: 1. The mean age was $29.7{\pm}13.8$ years with the median age of 30 years. B symptoms were present in 72.5% of patients. Histopathologically, the mixed cellularity type constituted 62.9% of cases, followed by nodular sclerosis in 25.8%, lymphocyte predominant in 9.6% and lymphocyte depleted in 1.6%. Stages I and II were present in 43.5% of patients at disease presentation, with 56.4% in stages III and IV. Conclusions: Our analysis shows that clinico-pathological features of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Pakistan are comparable to published data. Mixed cellularity is the commonest histological variant and advanced stage at presentation are common findings in our patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.443-446
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• 2002

A primary metastatic malignant plasma cell tumor was presented in a 7-year-old, female, mixed breed dog. The dog was admitted to Veterinary Teaching Hospital at College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University after suffering from depression, anorexia, and dyspnea. The dog was euthanized due to poor prognosis. At necropsy, numerous, firm and tan round nodules, 1 to 2 cm in diameter were noted in the ribs. The nodules formed chain or were occasionally coalescing, causing osteolysis of the ribs. A large amount of clear fluid was present in the thoracic cavity. The spleen and liver were markedly enlarged and congested. Histologically, the nodular masses were diagnosed as plasma cell tumor which was believed to be originated from the rib. Evidence of metastasis was observed in the spleen, liver, and kidney.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.353-356
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• 2002

A 9-year-old male Yorkshire terrior with recurrent chronic otitis externa and otitis interna was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. Radiographic findings indicated mineralization around the right ear canal. A tan nodular mats, 1 cm in diameter. was noted near the tympanum after total ear canal ablation. Cytologically. the imprint smear of the cut surface of the mass produced clusters of cells with abundant and weakly basophilic cytoplasm, one small round nucleus and one or two nucleoli, mixed with both degenerate and non degenerate neutrophils. The location of the nuclei was eccentric, and some cells contained somewhat coarse black granules in their cytoplasms, on which the mass was diagnoted as ceruminous gland adenoma or hyperplasia associated with inflammation. Histopathologic examination of the tumor was compatible with a diagnosit of ceruminous gland adenoma. The patient is responding well to sugery and antimicrobial treatment.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2019

Chromium was coated on a steel substrate by the Cr(III) electroplating method, and corroded at $500-900^{\circ}C$ for 5 h in $N_2/0.1%H_2S-mixed$ gas to study the high-temperature corrosion behavior of the Cr(III) coating in the highly corrosive $H_2S-environment$. The coating consisted of (C, O)-supersaturated, nodular chromium grains with microcracks. Corrosion was dominated by oxidation owing to thermodynamic stability of oxides compared to sulfides and nitrides. Corrosion initially led to formation of the thin $Cr_2O_3$ layer, below which (S, O)-dissolved, thin, porous region developed. As corrosion progressed, a $Fe_2Cr_2O_4$ layer formed below the $Cr_2O_3$ layer. The coating displayed relatively good corrosion resistance due to formation of the $Cr_2O_3$ scale and progressive sealing of microcracks.