• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.789-798
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• 2008

The stiffness method provides a framework to calculate the structural deformations directly from solving the equilibrium state. However, to use the displacement shape functions leads to approximate estimation of stiffness matrix and resisting forces, and accordingly results in a low accuracy. The conventional flexibility method uses the relation between sectional forces and nodal forces in which the equilibrium is always satisfied over all sections along the element. However, the determination of the element resisting forces is not so straightforward. In this study, a new fiber finite element mixed method has been developed for nonlinear anaysis of steel-concrete composite structures in the context of a standard finite element analysis program. The proposed method applies the Newton method based on the load control and uses the incremental secant stiffness method which is computationally efficient and stable. Also, the method is employed to analyze the steel-concrete composite structures, and the analysis results are compared with those obtained by ABAQUS. The comparison shows that the proposed method consistently well predicts the nonlinear behavior of the composite structures, and gives good efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.1-23
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• 2005

Kochujang, a fermented hot pepper soybean paste, is a spicy condiment mixed with red pepper, boiled rice and mold fermented soybean (as koji) which is then fermented for several months. It has unique taste of hot, sweet, salty and savory flavor by all mixed ingredients by fermentation, and is one of most famous Korean traditional foods. The scale of the kochujang industry is about 200 billion won in Korea, and 7.8 million dollars and 4,500 tons in exports. Although it is still not a large part of the food industry in Korea, the scale of soy products will increase because it is a major subsidiary food in our dietary life and has grown from a homemade to a mass produced product. Kochujang has the largest market in the scale of sales among fermented soybean products and has merit because of its domestic base and its ability to grow to an international market due to its unique fermented taste. In order to make kochujang an international food, it Is necessary to study the scientific development of kochujang and the diversity of products using kochujang that are fitted to the taste of people around the world. In addition, participation in various exhibitions and food fairs supported by the government should help to promote kochujang throughout the world. In addition, these should be actively supported by the related businesses. Red pepper, a major ingredient in kochujang, has been widely studied and shown to have a positive effect on the reduction of fat, on the strengthening of the immune system, and on active biological functions. A fermented spice like kochujang has been shown to be beneficial for the body due to the process of fermentation rather than from the red pepper itself. If we prove the various biological functions of kochujang with a particular taste and flavor, it will energize a new market. It is necessary for business to make a continuous effort supported fly the scientific world and by government policy, in order to introduce this traditional food to the world. In the present day, the kochujang market is now on a firm basis and has been activated in the field of its study. Now, it is possible to achieve the birth of a secondary international market by concentrating on these efforts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.520-526
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• 2019

The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the feasibility of extracts (sample extract, MSE) mixed with hot - water extracts as health functional nutritional foods for prevention and treatment of liver damage. The experimental method was to investigate the effects of carbon tetrachloride on liver damage in rats by 60% of liver cirrhosis level. The effect of mixed extracts (MSE) was investigated by measuring the physiological functions, biochemical functions, and molecular biologic TGF - ${\beta}$ and P53 levels in liver - injured rats. with MSE doses administered differently(0.50ml, 0.75ml). A total of 30 rats were used for normal group, control group, positive control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. The rats were given 6 times a week for 6 weeks at a fixed time once a day. The results of the experiment were statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the normal group and the positive control group, and statistically significantly lower in the experimental group (1 and 2) than the control group. There were some significant differences in the comparison between the experimental groups (1 and 2), but no significant changes were found. In conclusion, the results of this study are expected to be useful as functional food, and the variation of physiological activity and the degree of liver molecular biotechnology will be used for the research of the same field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.806-811
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• 2002

A 90 d study was designed to investigate the effects of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and a mixture of Cu, Zn and Mn proteinate (CZMP) on milk yield and composition and ovarian functions during rainy months. Twenty four Holstein${\times}$ indigenous cows in their 2nd and 3rd lactation were randomly allocated to total mixed rations (TMR) containing soy bean meal (SBM) as a source of rumen degradable protein (RDP), SBM plus CZMP, and formalin treated SBM (FSBM) as a source of RUP. Maximum and minimum temperature humidity index during the experimental period were 83.6-84.7 and 75.4-76.1. There were no differences (p>0.05) in intakes of dry matter, crude protein and net energy and in contents of butterfat, lactose and minerals. Cows on TMR containing FSBM not only lost less weight (-278, -467 and -433 g/d) with more intake of RUP (0.92, 0.58 and 0.59 kg/d) but also produced more milk (19.27, 18.23 and 18.13 kg/d) and 4% fat corrected milk (18.57, 17.57 and 17.51 kg/d) with more protein (3.06, 2.81 and 2.80%), solids-not-fat (8.69, 8.38 and 8.38%) and less milk urea N (9.3, 15.4 and 15.0 mg/dl) compared with those on TMR containing SBM and SBM+CZMP, respectively (p<0.01). However, cows on TMR containing SBM and SBM+CZMP did not differ in these respects (p>0.05). Whereas incidence of cystic ovaries at 20 and 90 d pospartum was less (p<0.01) in cows on TMR containing SBM+CZMP (37.3 and 12.5%) than those on TMR containing SBM (62.5 and 25%), it was nil for cows on TMR containing FSBM. Cows in all three group differed (p<0.01) from each other for the recurrence of first observed estrus with those on TMR containing FSBM having least days (22, 36 and 47 d) compared with their counterpart on TMR containing SBM+CZMP and SBM, repectively. The results suggest that RUP is one of the limiting factors affecting milk yield and its composition and ovarian functions during early lactation of dairy cows in the tropics.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

Most image segmentation methods are to represent observed feature vectors at each pixel, which are assumed as appropriated probability models. These models can be used by statistical estimating or likelihood clustering algorithms of feature vectors. EM algorithms have some calculation problems of maximum likelihood for unknown parameters from incomplete data and maximum value in post probability distribution. First, the performance is dependent upon starting positions and likelihood functions are converged on local maximum values. To solve these problems, we mixed the Gausian function and histogram at all the level values at the image, which are proposed most suitable image segmentation methods. This proposed algoritms are confirmed to classify most edges clearly and variously, which are implemented to MFC programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Purpose：The hamstring muscle has an important role in standing, walking and other functions related to daily living. Most people with Cerebral Palsy(CP) have muscle tightness, especially in the hamstring, which may cause abnormal alignment in the lower extremities. To investigate an effective treatment for hamstring muscle tightness by observing the effects of heat pack or Soft tissue mobilization(STM) on hamstring muscles. Methods：Thirteen-two volunteers with CP aged between 9 and 13 years($M\pmSD$: $11\pm1.46$), were recruited and divided into four groups of four: (1) the STM for people with Spastic CP group, (2) the heat pack(HP) for people with Spastic CP group, (3) the STM for people with Mixd CP group, and (4) the heat pack for people with Mixed CP group. All received treatment three times per week for six weeks. A inclinometer was used to measure for hip flexion & knee extension joint range motion(ROM). Results：The ROM of hip flexion & knee extension were improved at the STM and HP for people with Spastic CP groups. The ROM and hip flexion were improved at the STM and HP for people with Mixed CP groups. The amount of increase ROM are differenced by the types of CP. Conculusion：STM and heat pack, both are effective for people with CP especially for Spastic CP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2014

The development of the gut is controlled and modulated by different interacting mechanisms, such as genetic endowment, intrinsic biological regulatory functions, environment influences and last but no least, the diet influence. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of breast-fed (BF), formula-fed (FF), and mixed-fed (MF) infants from Hebei Province, China. By using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, we found some differences in gut microbiota in the three groups. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria at the phylum level in the three groups, where FF infants showed a significant depletion in Bacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant bacteria at the family level in the three groups, but FF infants showed higher Enterobacteriaceae enrichment than BF and MF infants (p < 0.05); the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae was only 8.16% in the feces of BF infants, but higher than in MF and FF infants (p < 0.05). The number of genera detected (abundance >0.01%) in BF, MF, and FF infants was only 15, 16, and 13, respectively. This study could provide more accurate and scientific data for the future study of infant intestinal flora.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

The completely mixed flow and plug flow (CAP) water quality model was developed for streams with discontinuous flows, a condition that often occurs in low base flow streams with in-stream hydraulic structures, especially during dry seasons. To consider the distinct physical properties of each reach effectively, the CAP model stream network can include both plug flow (PF) segments and completely mixed flow (CMF) segments. Many existing water quality models are capable of simulating various constituents and their interactions in surface water bodies. More complicated models do not necessarily produce more accurate results because of problems in data availability and uncertainties. Due to the complicated and even random nature of environmental forcing functions, it is not possible to construct an ideal model for every situation. Therefore, at present, many governmental level water quality standards and decisions are still based on lumped constituents, such as the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), the total nitrogen (TN) or the total phosphorus (TP). In these cases, a model dedicated to predicting the target concentration based on available data may provide as equally accurate results as a general purpose model. The CAP model assumes that its water quality constituents are independent of each other and thus can be applied for any constituent in waters that follow first order reaction kinetics. The CAP model was applied to the Geum River in Korea and tested for CBOD, TN, and TP concentrations. A trial and error method was used for parameter calibration using the field data. The results agreed well with QUAL2EU model predictions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.639-643
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• 2007

The paper presents a framework for developing real-time multi-user board games and applications in augmented reality. Recently, increase the environment to playing game in augmented reality with advancement of computing ability improvement and wireless networking technique of mobile device. While the trend of utilizing this kind of games is creasing, the facts that there is a shortage of games whose contents are attractive to users. In this paper we propose a framework that enables game content developers to develop new game contents base on augmented reality easily and quickly. This framework is an automatic service that can augment in various methods by using the supported marker recognition service. Therefore game contents developers do not need to know about either augmented reality technique or the inner process structure. The framework also supports special functions and various interaction interfaces for augmented reality board game and components of the board game we can implement. These enable developers to accomplish all the necessary components and structures of the board game more easily.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.165-170
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• 1999

We have investigated the mixed-state Hall effect in HgBa$_2CaCu_2O_6$, HgBa$_2Ca_2Cu_3O_8$, and Tl$_2Ba_2Cau_2O_8$ thin films as functions of the magnetic field up to 18 T. At high fields and low temperatures, the scaling exponent in ${\rho}_{xy}$ = A${\rho}_{xx}\;^{\beta}$ shows a universal behavior, ${\beta}$ = 1 ${\pm}$ 0.1, regardless of the field, the number of CuO$_2$ layers, the types of defects, and even the types of compounds. At low fields and high temperatures, p = 1 ${\pm}$ 0.1 also appears as a universal number although the observed field range is rather limited. These observations show the universal scaling of Hall resistivity in the regions of the clean and the moderately clean limit, consistent with a theory based on the midgap states in the vortex core.