• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.165-180
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• 1997

Mitigation measures in EIS are the important factors in the effectiveness of EIS. This paper analyzed the content of mitigation measures described in the 30 EISs selected, using 7 analysis items in order to discover the degree of effectiveness of mitigation measures. 30 EISs used in this study were selected through variance maximization strategy, and the 7 analysis items were; 1) thoroughness of mitigation content, 2) quantification of mitigation content, 3) explicit description of mitigation effect, 4) likelihood of mitigation effect, 5) impacted area of mitigation effect, 6) time frame of mitigation effect, and 7) environmental impact of mitigation measures. The results showed that the effectiveness of mitigation measures in the analyzed EISs was relatively low both in the appropriateness and in the specificity. It was suggested that in order to improve the appropriateness of EIS as a decision making tool, the effect of mitigation measures, as well as the mitigation measures themselves, should be studied and described more thoroughly and specifically.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2022

개발사업의 부정적인 영향을 감소시킬 수 있는 저감방안의 실효성을 높이기 위해서는 이행률을 높이는 것이 필수적이다. 환경영향평가에서 자연생태환경 동물상 분야의 경우 저감방안에 대한 실효성 문제가 꾸준히 제기되고 있음에도 불구하고 현재 진행되고 있는 개발사업의 이행평가 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 환경영향평가사업의 대표적인 유형인 도시 및 도로의 개발사업을 대상으로 자연생태환경 동물상 분야의 저감방안 이행률을 평가하고, 각 저감방안별 이행률 차이가 발생하는 원인에 대해 파악하고자 하였다. 도시 및 도로개발사업 저감방안 이행률은 각 56.0%와 64.4%로 낮게 나타났다. 사후 모니터링은 모든 사업유형에서 이행률이 가장 높게 나타났으나, 서식지 조성과 사고예방 저감방안은 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 저감방안 이행률은 보고서 내 기재된 저감방안 내용이 구체적일 때 높음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 환경영향평가 자연생태환경 동물상 분야 저감방안의 이행률을 높이기 위해서는 평가서 작성 시 대상지의 환경적, 지리적 특성을 구체적으로 반영할 필요가 있으며, 실제로 이행할 수 있도록 상세하게 서술할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 더 나아가 자연환경에 부정적인 영향을 감소시키기 위해 도입된 환경영향평가 제도의 실효성을 증진하기 위한 기초 근거로서 본 연구가 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Architectural research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2019

Architects are facing increasing risks that result from heightened expectations of benefits and performance when designing green buildings compared to traditional buildings. This study aims to explore the possible risk factors for architects in green building projects in South Korea and assess risk mitigation measures. To attain this goal, 14 risk factors and 12 mitigation measures were determined through an extensive literature review. A questionnaire was administered to architects practicing green building design and criticality index was employed to assess major risk factors and mitigation measures. This study identified 'adoption of new technology and process', 'green building certification results', 'building products and materials', and 'energy saving uncertainty' as the major risk factors of green building projects. Additionally, the questionnaire proposed 'contract indicating each party's role, liability, and limitations clearly', 'utilizing integrated design process', and 'understanding client's goal in green building projects' as the three most effective risk mitigation measures in designing green buildings. There are few studies that focus on architects' perceived risks concerning green building projects; this study contributes to a deeper knowledge and attempts to fill the current literature gap, which would benefit South Korea's green building design practice by aiding in the development of better risk management strategies.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2000

Landscape impact assessment(LIA) is an aid to decision-making. For the decision maker, LIA provides a scientific examination of the predicted landscape implications of a proposed action and of the mitigation measures, before a decision is taken. Thus, the efficacy of LIA depends on the scientific credibility of the prediction and mitigation measures described in the landscape impact statement. The purpose of this paper was to examine the efficacy of LIA through the content analysis of prediction and mitigation measures in the selected 39 landscape impact statements and 34 environmental impact statements. The content of the selected statements was analyzed in terms of the quantification, precision, significance, and likelihood. The results showed that both prediction and mitigation measures were very low in the scientific credibility. Specifically, the prediction was ambiguously described without scientific probability, and the effect of mitigation measures was not specifically presented in the reports. Thus, landscape impact statement can not give credible information in the decision making process, which weakens the efficacy as an aid to decision-making. Based on the results, several suggestions were presented to enhance the efficacy of LIA.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.589-600
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• 2022

Longline fishery targeting tunas and tuna-like species is known to produce a significant amount of catch not only for the target species, but also for ecologically related species like sharks, marine turtles, sea birds and marine mammals. Recognizing this seriousness, tuna related regional fisheries management organizations (t-RFMOs) have established conservation and management measures (CMMs) to reduce bycatch and/or interaction with ecosystem vulnerable species including sea turtles and are obliged to implement bycatch mitigation measures and guidelines on safe release to their member countries. Along with development and strengthening of those measures, various case studies have been conducting to verify the effectiveness of bycatch mitigation for ecologically related species. This study examines the background and progress on developing CMMs of t-RFMOs and regulation programs of the United States related to sea turtles, which have recently become one of the main issues, and reviews case studies on sea turtle bycatch mitigation measures to find out the effectiveness of reducing bycatch rate and impacts to the fisheries. In order to respond the consultation process on certification determination with the United States, it was confirmed the current status of implementation on related measures conducted by Korean tuna longline fishery based on scientific observer data and survey for captains. Even though all Korean tuna longline fleets belong to the deep-set longline fishery (100-300m), which is not subject to the obligation of those mitigation measures, they are voluntarily implementing both measures, use of circle hook and whole finfish bait, regardless of which RFMO's Convention area they operate. And the national regulatory and management programs for sea turtle bycatch prevention adopted by Republic of Korea seems to be comparable in effectiveness to that of the United Stated. However, Korea needs to take preemptive measures in establishing sustainable fisheries, including the protection of the marine ecosystem and environment, as stronger requests are anticipated to be made by the international community on this matter.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2013

Earthborne vibrations are induced by construction operation such as pile driving, roadbed compaction, and blasting and also by transit activities such as truck and trains. The earthborne vibration creates the stress waves traveling outward from the source and can structurally damage nearby buildings and structures in the forms of direct damage to structure and damage due to dynamic settlement. The wave propagation characteristics depends on impact or vibration energy, distance from the source, and soil characteristics. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on the mechanistic of earthborne vibration and the current practice of vibration control and mitigation measures. The paper describes the state of knowledge in the areas of: (1) mechanics of earthborne vibration, (2) damage mechanism by earthborne vibration, (3) calculation, prediction of ground vibration, (4) the criteria of vibration limits, (5) vibration mitigation measures and their performance, and (6) the current practice of vibration control and mitigation measures.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2016

The study performs a risk analysis on container ship accidents using accident data collected over the six years from 2006 to 2011, presents the resulting risk level, and suggests three risk mitigation measures to reduce the overall risk, for the safer operation of container ships. More specifically, starting from the initial accident of collision, we developed 13 different accident scenarios using event tree analysis based on which the overall risk level was obtained and presented as a FN curve. Since diverse human factors are the main cause of most of the ship accidents, our study focuses on the effect of reducing human causes on the resulting risk level. For the research we considered the injuries for the calculation of fatality with the help of MAIS. The results show that collision was the main type of accident, accounting for 62 % of all accidents, and the measures employed were proven to be effective in the sense that the risk level was much lowered and the average number of fatalities was also reduced. With more data accumulated, more precise risk level will be calculated with which the practical risk mitigating measures will be also developed. For future study, economic loss and environmental damage as consequences need to be considered.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2023

Purpose: Nowadays, the risk assessment system is widely used in many industrial and public areas to reduce the possible risks. The system is used to determine the priorities of the government quality assurance works in Defense Agency for Technology and Quality. However, as the risk assessment system is used for other purposes, there are some items that need improvement, and in this study, we propose improvement plans by benchmarking the risk assessment systems of other institutions. Methods: In this paper, first, the procedures of risk assessment system used in many industrial sites were reviewed, and how each institution specialized and applied the system. Afterwards, by benchmarking various risk assessment systems, an improvement plan on how to operate the risk assessment system in the case of government quality assurance for centrally procured military supplies was presented, and practical application cases were presented to prove the usefulness of the improvement plan. Results: The proposed risk assessment system differs from the existing system in five major aspects. First, inputs, outputs, and key performance indicators were specified from the systematic point of view. Second, risk analysis was analyzed in four dimensions: probability of occurrence, impact, detection difficulty. Third, risk mitigation measures were classified, control, transfer, and sharing. Fourth, the risk mitigation measures were realized through document verification, product verification, process verification, and quality system evaluation. Finally, risk mitigation measures were implemented and the effectiveness of the risk mitigation measures was evaluated through effectiveness evaluation. Conclusions: In order for the risk assessment procedure proposed in this study to be applied to actual work, it is necessary to obtain the consent of the person involved in the work due to the increased time for risk identification and preparation of the government quality assurance log, and a change in the information system that performs the actual work is required. Therefore, the authors of this study plan to actively perform internal seminar presentations and work improvement suggestions to apply these research outputs to actual work.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.364-379
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• 2022

Coastal communities have been vulnerable to extreme coastal flooding induced by hurricanes and tsunamis. Many studies solely focused on the overland flow hydrodynamic and loading mechanisms on individual inland structures or buildings. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of flooding mitigation measures to protect the coastal communities represented through a complex series of building arrays. This study numerically examined the performance of flood-mitigation measures from tsunami-like wave-induced overland flows. A computational fluid dynamic model was utilized to investigate the performance of mitigation structures such as submerged breakwaters and seawalls in reducing resultant forces on a series of building arrays. This study considered the effects of incident wave heights and four geometrically structural factors: the freeboard, crest width of submerged breakwaters, and the height and location of seawalls. The results showed that prevention structures reduced inundation flow depths, velocities, and maximum forces in the inland environment. The results also indicated that increasing the seawall height or reducing the freeboard of a submerged breakwater significantly reduces the maximum horizontal forces, especially in the first row of buildings. However, installing a low-lying seawall closer to the building rows amplifies the maximum forces compared to the original seawall at the shoreline.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2023

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) plays a pivotal role in predicting the potential environmental impacts of proposed developments and planning appropriate mitigation measures to minimize effects on species. However, as concerns over biodiversity loss rise, there's ongoing debate about the efficacy of these mitigation plans. In this study, we utilized data from EIAs and post-environmental impact surveys to understand the trends in biodiversity during construction and operation phases. By examining 30 urban development projects, we categorized species richness indices of mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles into pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction operational stages. The biodiversity trends were analyzed based on the rate of change in these indices. The results revealed three distinct biodiversity change patterns: (A) An initial increase in biodiversity indices post-development, followed by a gradual decline over time; (B) a sustained increase in biodiversity as a result of mitigation measures; and (C) a continuous decline in biodiversity post-development. Furthermore, all species exhibited a higher rate of biodiversity decline during the construction phase compared to the operational phase, with mammals showing the most significant rate of change. Notably, the biodiversity change rate during operation was generally lower than during construction. In particular, mammals seemed to be most influenced by mitigation measures, displaying the smallest rate of change. This study provides empirical evidence on the efficacy of mitigation measures and deliberates on ways to enhance their effectiveness in minimizing the adverse impacts of urban development on biodiversity. These findings can serve as foundational data for addressing terrestrial biodiversity reduction.