• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.8-15
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• 2017

Building Information modeling is playing an important role in transforming the construction industry. It helped the industry with better visualization, minimum design errors, and excellent planning of the construction activities. Time and cost saving can be effectively achieved by using BIM for any construction project. It improves information exchange between all the project stakeholders. However, the development of earthwork 3D BIM is still underway and has not been fully implemented yet. This paper presents the study of a complete process for Earthwork BIM design using Autodesk Civil 3D. A real site road construction project is used as a case study to explain the process of earthwork modeling, starting from laser scanning to 3D model. Quantity take off calculation is very important part of any road construction project so during this study earthwork volume from two 3D earthwork model is calculated. The results obtained through this study will be the basis for future work which has been concluded in this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 2006

At present, industry and researchers are looking for ways to reduce the use of lubricants because of ecological and economical reasons. Therefore, metal cutting is to move toward dry cutting or semi-dry cutting. One of the technologies is known as MQL(Minimum Quantity Lubrication) machining. This research presents an investigation into MQL machining with the objective of deriving the optimum cutting conditions for the turning process of SM4SC. To reach these goals several finish turning experiments were carried out, varying cutting speed, feed rate, oil quantity and so on, with MQL and flood coolant. The surface roughness and cutting force results of tests were measured and the effects of cutting conditions were analyzed by the method of Analysis of Variance(ANOVA). From the experimental results and ANOVA, this research proposed optimal cutting conditions to improve the machinability in MQL turning process.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.663-672
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• 2017

Building information modeling (BIM) technology based on 3D modeling has been applied to the entire domestic construction industry since 2010. It can calculate quantity take-off considering construction productivity at design phase. Based on this, it is possible to improve the reliability of construction cost prediction of design phase in the process of cost estimation. However, Building Information Level (BIL) defined by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Public Procurement Service does not seem to offer doable environment due to the lack of detailed application items. By calculating construction cost that meets Construction Cost Estimate Accuracy by American Association of Cost Engineers (AACE) through quantity take-off and cost estimation based on 3D modeling of BIM technology, a BIL improvement proposal at design phase for Mechanical Contracts and Construction is provided here. Results showed that properties including outline and minimum specification of the main equipment, internal main piping, and internal main duct should be defined from the intermediate design phase to have reliable cost estimation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.42-53
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• 2011

This study is to present a method of compiling consistently accurate construction cost estimates in minimum of time. There are two kind of applications for estimating system based on quantity-per-unit and the daily work-crew. The former system is still applied 45% as a estimating method to construction job site by the second half of 2010. However, it is necessary for quantity-per-unit to complement the defect of standard integrating specification and improve the integrating method to the various construction conditions. The later system is intended to represent a standard or basic core which can be adopted in many type of construction estimating used across the wide variety of construction in advanced countries. In this study daily work-crew based on productivity is applied to the representative B.O.Q Item in road project. These results are compared to productivity of Japan and U.S.A estimated under the similar circumstances.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

This study attempted to identify the characteristics of chair design from furniture company, $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$, the furniture manufacturer in Sweden manufacturing mostly the limited edition of art furniture on the basis of the unique management philosophy. There are 12 artists manufactured chairs for $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$. Of them, this study selected 4 artists-Sigurdur Gustafsson, John Kandell, Komplot Design, Mats Theselius-who designed at least more than three chairs. Total 25 chairs were analyzed; 6 from Sigurdur Gustafsson, 8 from John Kandell, 3 from Komplot Design and 8 from Mats Theselius. The chair structure was divided into three parts, seat, back and structure and analyzed by material, color, type of legs and finishing. The following results were derived from the study. First, $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ secured the regular customers who want to possess the chairs as the artistic works by continuing the small quantity mass-production system insisting that the maximum quantity of production is 360 pieces and the minimum quantity is 33 pieces. Second, the sufficient time and cost were invested in the initial phase of design. This approach seems to be deviated from the traditional business system that has to create the revenue at a glance, but ultimately induces the commercial success by exponentially increasing the revenue through the creation of various product lines. Third, $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ provides the space that the artists who work for $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ can sufficiently enjoy the mental composure and luxury required for the designers by strictly selecting the artists and providing the best environment for enabling the creative activities that look like the pure art area. This study enables the further analysis and research on other collections of $K{\ddot{a}}llemo$ that mass-produces the chairs on the basis of the unique philosophy in the world as well as in Sweden using more various kinds of analysis frameworks.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1972

On the seventh day of mounting male and feamale cocoons are distinguished. A part of those male and female pupae is irradiated for 40 min. with 1,000r-ray irradiation. Those eggs obtained from the irradiated pupae are divided into six groups of 5, 15, 45, 90, 720 and 2,400 minutes after laying. The cahanges of accid soluble phosphorus in the each group of eggs are as follows. 1. In the control group of the maximum quantity in acid soluble phosphorus was 1,456r/100mg D.P. in the 2,400 minutes group, while the minimum quantity was 1,233r/100mg D.P. in the 720 minutes group. 2. In the mated group of ＊irradiated female moths and control male moths, the quantity of acid soluble phoshorus was small as compared with the control group in the five minute group of 1,288r/100mg D.P. and in the 15 minutes group of 1,299r/100mg D.P. while the quantity increased to 1,484r/100mg D.P. in the 45 minutes group. The quantity began to decrease again to 1,400r/100mg D.P. in the 2,400 minutes group which was smaller than that of the control group. The quantity was slightly small in the silkworm eggs laid in the early stage when compared with that of mated group of ＊irradiated male moths and control female moths. Both groups showed the larger quantity in the 720 minutes group than that of the control group. The quantity of acid soluble phosphorus in the mated group of control female moths .and ＊irradiated male moths was larger in variation than in the mated group of control male moths and ＊irradiated female moths. 3. In the mated group of ＊irradiated male and female moths the largerst quantity was 1,760r/100ms D.P. in 2,400 minutes group and second was 1,736r/100mg D.P. in 90 minutes group, and third was 1,288r/100mg D. P., in 5 minutes group. Generally the quantity was small in silkworm eggs laid by the irradiated one in the early stage than the control group, but in the later period of egg the quantity began to increase more than that of control group.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04c
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• pp.159-161
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• 2007

$CO_2$ laser sees that is most suitable to get this effect through minimum formation damage and advantage that is root enemy of effect that happen in minimum cellular tissue depth of 0.1mm is stable living body organization or internal organs institution. Formation damage by ten can be related in formation's kind or energy density, length of evaporation time. If shorten evaporation time, surroundings cellular thermal damage 200 - because happen within 400ums laser beam in rain focus sacred ground surroundings cellular tissue without vitiation me by evaporation Poe of very small floor as is clean steam can. Application is possible to vulva cuticle cousins by a paternal aunt quantity, uterine cancer, cuticle tumor by laser system that $CO_2$ laser gets into standard in obstetrics and gynecology application. Because effect that super pulse output is ten enemies of laser if uniformity one pulse durations are short almost is decreased, most of all pulse module special quality of pulse style $CO_2$ laser for obstetrics and gynecology mode stabilization by weight very, in this research to get into short pulse duration and higher frequency density, do switching by high frequency in DC-DC Converter output DC's ripple high frequency to be changed, high frequency done current ripple amount of condenser for output filter greatly reduce can. Ripple of output approximately to Zero realization applying possible inductor realization through a special quality experiment do.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.55-57
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• 2007

$CO_2$ laser sees that is most suitable to get this effect through minimum formation damage and advantage that is root enemy of effect that happen in minimum cellular tissue depth of 0.1mm is stable living body organization or internal organs institution. Formation damage by ten can be related in formation's kind or energy density, length of evaporation time. If shorten evaporation time, surroundings cellular thermal damage 200 - because happen within 400ums laser beam in rain focus sacred ground surroundings cellular, tissue without vitiation me by evaporation Poe of very small floor as is clean steam can. Application is possible to vulva cuticle cousins by a paternal aunt quantity, uterine cancer, cuticle tumor by laser system that $CO_2$ laser gets into standard in obstetrics and gynecology application. Because effect that super pulse output is ten enemies of laser if uniformity one pulse durations are short almost is decreased, most of all pulse module special quality of pulse style $CO_2$ laser for obstetrics and gynecology mode stabilization by weight very, in this research to get into short pulse duration and higher frequency density, do switching by high frequency in DC-DC Converter output DC's ripple high frequency to be changed, high frequency done current ripple amount of condenser for output filter greatly reduce can. Ripple of output approximately to Zero realization applying possible inductor realization through a special quality experiment do.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2011

This study aims at the structural safety with optimum design of automotive bumper in order to minimize the maximum stress and displacement and reduce the minimum quantity of bumper material. As the forces of X and Y direction increase, equivalent stress and displacement increase. The displacement of X direction force increases more than 20% in comparison with Y direction force. But the equivalent stress of Y direction force increases more than 60% in comparison with X direction force. The mass of inner bumper becomes minimum and the mass of outer bumper becomes maximum when the force of 4000N is applied on the direction inclined at $45^{\circ}$ toward outer bumper. In 50% range of increase and decrease at X and Y direction force, the optimum forces of X and Y component becomes 2368.8N and 1538.8N respectively. And the masses of inner and outer polypropylene bumper become $3.3227{\times}10^{-2}kg$and $3.5538{\times}10^{-2}kg$respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.195-200
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to explore security guard's status and roles in society through media reports. Research method is to anlyze security Guard's 'Keyword Trend' and 'Keyword Frequency Analysis' by 'Big Kind' which enables 'News Big Data' analysis. The result came out by the analysis in sectional private security guard's history of settling down, growing up (quantity), and growing up (quality) by separating generations is that there are lots of attention and exposure from media about crime, security guard job, minimum wage, and 'Gabjil', but the images of security guard are recognized as victim of crime and 'Gabjil', and working in poor environment with minimum waged and ambiguous job, instead of people preventing crimes. In the future, stabilizing security guard's social status and work responsibility, and developing job professionalism are necessary to improve the images of security guard.