• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

개의 치수에 MTA, calcium hydroxide 및 calcium sulfate로 치수복조 후 치수 반응을 서로 비교하여 MTA와 calcium sulfate가 임상적으로 치수복조제로서 사용 가능할 것인가를 구명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 8개월 된 2마리 개의 24개의 치아가 본 연구에 사용되었다 전신 마취하에 고속 핸드피스를 사용하여 멸균된 #2 round bur로 치경부에 와동을 형성한 후 치수를 노출시켰다. MTA, calcium hydroxide 및 calcium sulfate를 치수노출부에 도포하였다. 와동 부위는 IRM으로 가봉하고 광중합레진으로 수복하였다. 처리 2개월 후, 전신 마취하에 희생시킨 후 조직학적으로 관찰하였다. MTA처리군에서는 치수 노출부위에 경조직의 상아질교가 형성되었으며 새로 형성된 상아질교 하방에 조상아세포가 새로 형성되었다. 치수충혈과 함께 국소적 인 혈관 증식 이 나타났으며 치수에 염증반응은 나타나지 않았다. Calcium hydroxide로 처리한 군은 상아질교 하방에 조상아세포가 관찰되지 않았으며 만성 염증반응이 다양하게 나타났다. Calcium sulfate로 처리한 군은 경조직의 상아질교가 관찰되었으며, 상아질교 하방에 조상아세포 층이 새로 관찰되었다. 몇몇의 중성구 침윤과 함께 미약한 정도의 만성염증반응이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 MTA가 calcium hydroxide및 calcium sulfate에 비해 치수에 생체친화적임을 시사하며 기계적 치수노출시 치수복조제로 사용할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 3 종의 포틀랜드 시멘트 (포틀랜드 시멘트, 백색 포틀랜드 시멘트, 초속경 시멘트)와 white MTA의 성분 및 세포독성을 비교하는 것이다. 성분비교를 위해서 X선 회절기 (XRD), X선 형광분석기 (XRF), 유도결합플라즈마 원자방출분광 분석기 (ICP-AES)를 사용하였으며, 세포독성비교를 위해서는 우무확산법 (agar diffusion test)을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, white MTA와 백색 포틀랜드 시멘트는 포틀랜드 시멘트나 초속경 시멘트에 비해 적은 양의 마그네슘 (mg), 철 (Fe), 아연 (Zn), 그리고 망간 (Mn)을 함유하고 있었다. 또한 초속경 시멘트는 다른 시멘트 및 white MTA에 비해 많은 산화 알루미늄 ($Al_2O_3$)을 함유하고 있었다. MTA와 포틀랜드 시멘트의 주된 성분은 tricalcicium silicate ($3CaO{\cdot}SiO_2$), dicalcium Silicate ($2CaO{\cdot}SiO_2$), tricalcium aluminate ($3CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3$), 그리고 tetracalcium aluminoferrite (4CaO{\cdot}Al_2O_3{\cdot}Fe_2O_3)등이었다 세포독성 실험결과를 Kruskal-Wallis Exact test와 Bonferroni 사후 검정법을 사용하여 분석 한 결과 white MTA와 3 종의 포틀랜드 시멘트 군 사이에서 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). White MTA와 3종의 포틀랜드 시멘트의 주성분은 유사하였으나 알루미늄 (Al), 마그네슘 (mg), 철 (Fe), 아연 (Zn), 그리고 망간 (Mn) 등의 함량에서는 차이를 보였으며 이러한 차이들은 물리적 성질에 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2011

현재 시판되고 있는 ProRoot white MTA(Dentsply Tulsa, U.S.A)는 portland cement와 비슷한 성분으로 수분의 첨가로 인하여 경화 팽창하는 성질이 있고, 긴 경화 시간을 갖는다. 본 연구는 최근 개발된 OrthoMTA(BioMTA, Korea), 기존의 ProRoot white MTA(Dentsply Tulsa, U.S.A) 그리고 White portland cement(Union, Korea)를 대상으로 2008년에 개정된 치근관 충전재(KS P ISO 6876)의 요구 사항 중에서 경화 팽창과 경화 시간에 대한 연구를 하였다. 연구 결과, OrthoMTA의 경화 팽창률은 $0.08{\pm}0.02%$이었고, ProRoot white MTA, White portland cement는 각각 $0.28{\pm}0.06$, $0.80{\pm}0.25%$였다(p<0.05). 경화 시간은 각각 $307.78{\pm}3.83$분, $150.44{\pm}2.35$분, $235.33{\pm}9.07$분으로, ProRoot white MTA가 가장 짧았고, OrthoMTA가 가장 길었다(p<0.05).

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.865-873
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• 2016

Background/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Nd:YAG irradiation on adherence of retrograde filling materials (mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] and Super-EBA) by micro-computed tomography (CT) measurement and to observe the dentinal surface after irradiation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods: Forty retrofilling models using extracted human teeth were divided into four groups according to the material and method used: ProRoot MTA (MTA group), Super-EBA (EBA group), MTA with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LMTA group), and Super-EBA with Nd:YAG laser irradiation (LEBA group). All specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours until micro-CT was performed. The gap volume of the tooth/material interface was measured using the CTAn program. In six samples, the laser-irradiated dentin surface was observed using SEM. Results: The mean percent difference in gap volume was not statistically significant between the Nd:YAG laser-irradiated groups and non-irradiated in both materials(P > 0.05). The gap volume in the MTA group was significantly lower than that in the EBA group (P < 0.05). Examination of the non-irradiated specimens by SEM showed patent dentinal tubules. In contrast, alterations in the texture of the dentin surface and obliteration of the dentinal tubules were evident in the Nd:YAG laser-irradiated specimens. Conclusion: In this study, changes in the dentinal surface after Nd:YAG irradiation did not affect adherence between the apical filling material and the dentin wall.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the solubility, dimensional alteration, pH, electrical conductivity, and radiopacity of root perforation sealer materials. Materials and Methods: For the pH test, the samples were immersed in distilled water for different periods of time. Then, the samples were retained in plastic recipients, and the electrical conductivity of the solution was measured. The solubility, dimensional alteration, and radiopacity properties were evaluated according to Specification No. 57 of the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA). Statistical analyses were carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. When the sample distribution was not normal, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed with a Kruskal-Wallis test (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: The results showed that white structural Portland cement (PC) had the highest solubility, while mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based cements, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply-Tulsa Dental) and MTA BIO ($\hat{A}$ngelus Ind. Prod.), had the lowest values. MTA BIO showed the lowest dimensional alteration values and white PC presented the highest values. No differences among the tested materials were observed in the the pH and electrical conductivity analyses. Only the MTA-based cements met the ANSI/ADA recommendations regarding radiopacity, overcoming the three steps of the aluminum step wedge. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, we concluded that the values of solubility and dimensional alteration of the materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA specifications. PCs did not fulfill the ANSI/ADA requirements regarding radiopacity. No differences were observed among the materials with respect to the pH and electrical conductivity analyses.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four calcium silicate-based endodontic cements at different storage times after mixing. Materials and Methods: Capillary tubes were filled with Biodentine (Septodont), Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM cement, BioniqueDent), Tech Biosealer Endo (Tech Biosealer) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental). Empty tubes and tubes containing Dycal were used as negative and positive control groups respectively. Filled capillary tubes were kept in 0.2 mL microtubes and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. Each material was divided into 3 groups for testing at intervals of 24 hr, 7 day and 28 day after mixing. Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cocultered with 24 hr, 7 day and 28 day samples of different materials for 24 and 48 hr. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Results: In all groups, the viability of monocytes significantly improved with increasing storage time regardless of the incubation time (p < 0.001). After 24 hr of incubation, there was no significant difference between the materials regarding monocyte viability. However, at 48 hr of incubation, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were less cytotoxic than CEM cement and Biosealer (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Biodentine and ProRoot MTA had similar biocompatibility. Mixing ProRoot MTA with PBS in place of distilled water had no effect on its biocompatibility. Biosealer and CEM cement after 48 hr of incubation were significantly more cytotoxic to on monocyte cells compared to ProRoot MTA and Biodentine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.32.1-32.13
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• 2019

Calcium hydroxide (CH) is the gold-standard intracanal dressing for teeth subjected to traumatic avulsion. A common complication after the replantation of avulsed teeth is root resorption (RR). The current review was conducted to compare the effect of CH with that of other intracanal medications and filling materials on inflammatory RR and replacement RR (ankylosis) in replanted teeth. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched through June 2018 using specific keywords related to the title of the present article. The materials that were compared to CH were in 2 categories: 1) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and endodontic sealers as permanent filling materials for single-visit treatment, and 2) Ledermix, bisphosphonates, acetazolamide, indomethacin, gallium nitrate, and enamel matrix-derived protein (Emdogain) as intracanal medicaments for multiple-visit management of avulsed teeth prior to the final obturation. MTA can be used as a single-visit root filling material; however, there are limited data on its efficacy due to a lack of clinical trials. Ledermix and acetazolamide were comparable to CH in reducing RR. Emdogain seems to be an interesting material, but the data supporting its use as an intracanal medication remain very limited. The conclusions drawn in this study were limited by the insufficiency of clinical trials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 인위적으로 노출시킨 비글견의 치수조직을 기존의 수산화칼슘제재와 MTA, 접착성 레진, 광중합형 수산화칼슘제재를 사용하여 직접치수복조한 후 각 재료에 따른 치수의 반응을 광학현미경 하에서 조직학적으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 2마리 비글견의 36개 치아를 이용하여, 실험적으로 치수를 노출시키고 노출된 치수에 치수복조재를 적용한 후 와동은 복합레진으로 충전하여 직접치수복조술을 시행하였다: (1) Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA: $ProRoot^{(R)}$ MTA, Dentsply, Tulsa, USA), (2) Clearfil SE Bond (Dentin adhesive system: Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), (3) Ultra-Blend (Photopolymerized Calcium hydroxide: Ultradent, South Jordan, USA), (4) Dycal (Quick setting Calcium hydroxide: LD Caulk Co., Milford, USA). 희생전 90일, 30일, 7일 전에 각 복조재별로 3개씩의 와동을 충전하였고 비글견을 희생시키고 조직시편을 제작하였다. 시편을 H&E 염색 후 광학 현미경으로 치수염증반응과 경조직 형성 정도를 관찰하였다. MTA 군은 초기에는 경조직 형성이 관찰되지 않고 치수조직의 위축과 부분괴사가 관찰되었으나 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. Clearfil SE Bond군은 초기에 염증세포의 침윤과 치수세포의 괴사를 관찰할 수 있었고 시간이 지날수록 치수 세포의 괴사가 더욱 진행한 양상을 보였다. Ultra-blend 군과 Dycal 군은 MTA 군과 비슷하게 초기에는 경조직 형성을 보이지 않고 중등도의 염증반응이 관찰되었으며 시간이 지나면서 경조직 형성이 관찰되었다. MTA, 수산화칼슘제재와 광중합 수산화칼슘제재는 초기의 치수염증반응 이후 조상아세포층, 상아질교 형성을 보여 직접치수복조재로 적당하였으며, 접착성 레진은 심한 염증반응과 치수 조직의 괴사 양상을 보여 직접치수복조재로 부적당하다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.610-626
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• 1995

Perforations especially in the furcations during endodontic treatment have notably detrimental effect on prognosis. The purpose of this study was to compare radiographically and histologically the sealing ability and the tissue responses of amalgam, Ketac-Silver, IRM, Vitapex, and mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) used to repair furcation perforations. Thirty two experimental furcation perforations were created in the mandibular premolars of 6 mongrel dogs and immediately repaired with experimental materials. The animals were sacrificed after 16 weeks and radiographic and histopathologic results were evaluated. The following conclusions were drawn within the limits of the experimental results; 1. All materials tested in this experiment revealed a certain degree of extrusion into the periodontal space. 2. Both amalgam and Ketac-Silver showed the greatest degree of inflammation and bone resorption(p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the amalgam and Ketac-Silver groups. 3. Both IRM and Vitapex showed a markedly milder degree of inflammatin and less bone resorption than amalgam or ketac-siver(p<0.00005). both IRM and vitapex showed the same respone. 4. MTA showed the least degree of Inflammation and bone resorption(p<0.05). The results of this experiment indicate that among the different materials tested, MTA appeared to be the best material for sealing furcation perforations, although the radiographic and histopathologic differences between the MTA and Vitapex groups were not statistically significant. But further studies with a larger sample are needed to have the exact conclusions.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.8
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• 2021

Objectives: New premixed bioceramic root repair materials require moisture for setting. Using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), this study evaluated the filling ability and volumetric changes of calcium silicate-based repair materials (mineral trioxide aggregate repair high-plasticity [MTA HP] and Bio-C Repair, Angelus), in comparison with a zinc oxide and eugenol-based material (intermediate restorative material [IRM]; Dentsply DeTrey). Materials and Methods: Gypsum models with cavities 3 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter were manufactured and scanned using micro-CT (SkyScan 1272. Bruker). The cavities were filled with the cements and scanned again to evaluate their filling capacity. Another scan was performed after immersing the samples in distilled water for 7 days to assess the volumetric changes of the cements. The statistical significance of differences in the data was evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey test with a 5% significance level. Results: Bio-C Repair had a greater filling ability than MTA HP (p < 0.05). IRM was similar to Bio-C and MTA HP (p > 0.05). MTA HP presented the largest volumetric change (p < 0.05), showing more volume loss than Bio-C and IRM, which were similar (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Bio-C Repair is a new endodontic material with excellent filling capacity and low volumetric change. The gypsum model proposed for evaluating filling ability and volumetric changes by micro-CT had appropriate and reproducible results. This model may enhance the physicochemical evaluation of premixed bioceramic materials, which need moisture for setting.