• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1137-1141
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• 2005

This paper is written in order to investigate how Lee Je-Ma changed traditional Zhu Xi's philosophical view on Way(Tao; 道) Virtue(De: 德) Nature(Xing;性) and Imperative(Ming; 命), which was general concepts of his contemporary age, to practical philosophy and created new medical theories of Sasang(4 symbols) science from it. Lee emphasized the true thing which is able to be done in one's living not the concepts of Sasang. So he induced the concepts of Way and Virtue from the easy and simple way(易簡之道) in the Classic of Changes(I'Ching) for the purpose of practice by anyone. Because Nature and Imperative are derived from Way and Virtue in the context logically, human life is virtual in itself, so the substance of Nature and Imperative became equal with Way and Virtue. Herein the names and concepts of original 'Sasang' were substituted to Business(事), Mind(心), Body(身), Thing(物) which is able to be directly related with human being in his daily life. And he explained variously about the responses of Mind and Body of individuals onto Business and Thing. So it could be applied in medical aspects like emotional, symptomatical, characteristic features. Conclusively man is virtual being, so Nature and Imperative in the level of Human being are based on Way and Virtue in the level of Heaven. For that reason the new concepts of Sasang Business. Mind. Body Thing or Heaven. Human. Nature and Imperative were proposed.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2006

TIn the study of Yangseng(養生) and Relaxation therapy, the results were as follows : According to the traditonal oriental medical theory, Oriental medicine focused on Yangseng(養生). Especially vital-energy is able to resist the disease and adapt to the environment and assist the healing of the body. Relaxation theraphy is a kind of Qigong. And it is not only breathe, but also accumulate the vital energy in the body, Which is also called "genuine qi(眞氣)" or "internal qi(內氣)." The therapy is based on controlling of Sprit(神), Breathing(呼吸), Mind(心). And it is in harmony with Qi-circulation(氣-循環), so smoothing the circulation of meridians, strengthened Essential-material(精), Qi(氣), Sprit(神). The Relaxation theraphy made the body and mind relaxed, and it is helpful of preventation of disease and mental health. And it treats neurosis, somatoform disease, it uses main or helpful therapy of various disease, elevates health mental concentration. And it is more effective by application of music, aroma, taping, psycho-therapy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2005

Objective : It is a presentation of theoretical, clinical. historical foundation about using biofeedback in oriental medicine. Methods : We generalize definition, explanation, history and clinical application of biofeedback and study community with and clinical practice in oriental medical theory, referring to The neurofeedback book-An introduction to Basic Concepts in Applied Psychophysiology published by Michacl Thompson & Lynda Thompson Results : We acquire possibilities of application in oriental medicine as follows. 1. It is a view of treatment for the whole man not separating body and mind. 2. It make much of yin-ping-yang-bi(陰平陽秘) and spontaneous cure in the human body. 3. It make much of a curer's mental condition through dao(道). 4. It make much of a breathing corresponding to nature. 5. We make use of it in diagnosis and evaluation of disease. 6. It is psychologic treatment of self-leading. Conclusions : Biofeedback is expected that usefully applied to oriental psychotherapy of Kyungja-pyungji therapy(驚者平之療法). Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung therapy(五志相勝療法), Qigong therapy(氣功療法), Autogenic relaxation Training(自律弛緩療法) basing on oriental medical theory not separating body and mind.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.430-453
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• 1996

I studied the oriental psychotherapy and reached the following conclusions. 1. In Oriental medicine, the internal organs considered in relation to mental reaction, and thought concerned with the mental disease. From the ancient times, treated mental disease by the theory of the Five Elements(五行) 2. The purpose of orienatal psychotherapy is the life cultivation through training of True essesse, Vital force, Sprit by disciplining body and breathing and mind. 3. The orienatal psychotherapy made body and mind relaxed, and it conduces to the precation of disease, the promotion of health, the therapy of psycosomatic disorder, neurosis, etc.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2003

In oriental medicine, Psychotherapy has been regarded as a part of physical therapy that seemed inseparable from psychological therapy from old times. Oriental Medical Psychotherapies are like following: Ii-Gyeung-Byun-Qi therapy(移精變氣療法), Oh- Ji-Sang-Seung therapy(五志相勝療法), Kyeongja- pyeongji therapy(驚者平之療法), Jieongoron therapy(至言高論療法) and so on. The special feature of these Psychotherapies is the unification of body and mind. For them, various oriental therapies have been under progress. Especially, Many Oriental Medical Psychotherapist insisted that pain of mind evoke pain of body, or vice versa. We observed Oriental Medical Psychotherapies to treat married couple and had a good result. Husband had alcoholism and wife had functional headache. Especially, wife wanted divorce. The problems of divorce and illness in married couple were resolved from Oriental Medical Psychotherapies.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.728-741
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experience of pursuing complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in breast cancer patients. Methods: Ten women with breast cancer participated in the study. Data were collected through individual in-depth unstructured and individualized interviews with each participant from February to July, 2015. Theoretical sampling was used upto the point of theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed using Corbin & Strauss's grounded theory methodology. Results: Through open coding, 22 sub-categories, and 13 categories were identified. Analysis revealed that the core category was 'endless management of mind and body for healing', which consisted of four phases; exploring, applying, grasping, and integrating. Through this process, the participants utilized various action/interactional strategies such as 'dealing with information', 'trying out blindly', 'enduring volitionally', 'experiencing effects on mind and body,' and 'grasping one's own way.' The consequences of these strategies were integrating the habit of health remedy into one's life, becoming a main agent for change, and tolerating one's weak body. Conclusion: In-depth understanding of the CAM pursuing experiences of patients with breast cancer would guide clinical nurses and policy makers to develop effective interventions and policies for better supporting them with regard to the usage of CAM.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.468-474
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• 1995

After bibliographic study on function of the brain(腦, nao) on the basis of zangxiang theory(藏象論的), the theory of visceral activities), the following conclusions were obtained: 1. Brain is the organ conglomerated with marrow(隨, sui) between Baihui(百會) and Fengfu(風府) 2. Brain has different function and names according to the parts. 3. Brain is on anatomical view the extraordinary organ(奇恒之府, qiheng zhi fu) and stores clarified air(氣, qi) of fresh air. 4. Brain is the places where the viral essence (精, jeong) of five viscera is activated. 5. Brain is the places where the vital essence congeries into the mind(神, shen) Yang form of the essence. 6. The mind converted from the brain emerges in the whole body the sensory organs and carries vital function. 7. Brain reservoirs the mind, while the heart(心, xm) is thought to make judgement inroyght the speculation on the outward stimulus of matter and give orders to the mind in the chest.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2008

1. Objectives This study was purposed to find Dong's thoughts about the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" 2. Methods It was researched through comparative and overall study on the Dong-mu's thoughts in "Gyukchigo(格致藁)" 3. Results (1) Dongmu reinterpreted the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" as the relations between the subject and the object from the ontologic assumption of Affairs Mind Body Objects as the principle of existence and correlation, summarized into four categories, and classified into the individual and subjective affairs, and the universal and objective affairs. The four categories of the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" are correlated with the individual and the universal ethics of behavior, and connected with the element for overcoming the individual inclination of mind and wickedness. (2) After the individual and subjective human was established, the eight items of the "The Great Learning(Ta hsueh)" were classified into two categories, and coupled up with each two items('Being sincere in their thoughts' with 'Extending to the utmost their knowledge', 'Rectifying their hearts' with 'Investigating things', 'Cultivating their persons' with 'Illustrating illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom', 'Regulating their families' with 'Ordering their own states'). Being based on this, 'Being sincere in their thoughts', 'Rectifying their hearts', 'Cultivating their persons' and 'Regulating their families' were understood as four individual and subjective human-basic-essential activity. Especially, mind, heart, body and family(power) were regarded as the four basic element in human existence and activity, and in correlation with universe and society, set up as the subjective element in Dongmu's epistemology, theory of nature and emotion, theory of morality and theory of moral cultivation.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

The Sasang constitutional Medicine is the original medicine that is created from the deep studies on former Eastern medical theories by Lee Jae-Ma in the late 19th century. This medicine deals with the interaction between mind and body in great depth. The temperament (the distinct nature and character of an individual, 性情) concept is the theoretical basis which divides man's constitution into four(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin). This concept is derived from The old oriental Sung-Myung concept which has philosophical meaning. These terms of Sung and Jung also have metaphysical meaning and can not be explained easily. but roughly, The temperament is divided two concept. the distinct nature(性) means human's nature and the distinct nature(情) means human's desire. Besides, In Sasang constitution medicine, terms that traditionally represent emotions in asia are used as terminology of temperament. Altough too many aspects about Human's mind remains unknown yet, According to Neurological evidences, the brain is regarded as the main organ that produces rationality and emotion. Especially the way that brain produces an emotion provides some clues that can tell us how can mind affect body. Emotion is considered as evolutionary adaptation to response correctly against unexpected chaotic external changes. It is something that humans are born with, and causes physical responses simultaneously. Moreover, It can be come out with or without consciousness. The temperament(性情) concept and Emotion have similarity that both play an important role in mind-body correlation. Therefore Neurological researches on emotion were able to help reinterpret temperament(性情) concept. the distinct nature(性) seems to be the emotion that is come out directly from the brain stem, and the distinct nature(情) seems to be the emotion that is produced after neocortex involved thinking process. And the reason why Sung and Jung affect organs differently is explained from the manner that brain expresses emotion.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.445-450
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• 2010

Objectives: Emotional support and a stress management program should be simultaneously provided to clients as effective preventive services for healthy behavioral change. This study was conducted to review various relaxation and meditation intervention methods and their applicability for a preventive service program. Methods and results: The author of this paper tried to find various relaxation and meditation programs through a literature review and program searching and to introduce them. The 'Relaxation Response' and 'Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)' are the most the widely used meditative programs in mainstream medical systems. Abdominal breathing, Progressive Musclular Relaxation (PMR), Relaxative Imagery, Autogenic Training (AT) and Biofeedback are other well-known techniques for relaxation and stress management. I have developed and implemented some programs using these methods. Relaxation and meditation classes for cancer patients and a meditation based stress coping workshop are examples of this program. Conclusions: Relaxation and meditation seem to be good and effective methods for primary, secondary and tertiary preventive service programs. Program development and standardization and further study are needed for more and wider use of the mindbody approach in the preventive service area of medicine.