• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was to examine the food intake and family support of patients with Coronary Artery Disease(CAD). Methods: 90 hospitalized patients who received CAD medical treatment were randomly selected. The food intake frequency and family support instrument were utilized. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 14.0: t-test, $x^2$-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score of food intake frequency was 5.65(total mean score 97.50) which was relatively healthy food intake based on the CAD treatment guidelines. Undesirable food intake items were fruit, fish, milk etc. The mean score of family support was 2.44(range: 1 - 4). Food intake showed a significant(p < .001) positive correlation with family support. There was significant difference(p < .05) on family support according to exercise. There was significant difference(p < .05) on LDL level, one of the CAD risk factors, between first admission patients and readmission patients. Conclusion: These findings suggest that nursing intervention education programs should be developed to appropriately care for CHD patients for needed changes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.206-211
• /
• 2007

This study estimated the isoflavone intake level in Koreans using Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed related variables. The results showed that the average daily intake of isoflavone in adults was shown as 23.1 mg. The isoflavone intake level at 50 percentile was 16.9 mg ($0{\sim}90\;mg$), and 10% of adults took almost 50 mg of isoflavone a day and 10% took about 5 mg a day. The major food sources for isoflavone in Koreans were in the order of soybean, soybean paste, soy milk, soybean curd (tofu), and bean sprouts; the intake was different depending on age, educational background, occupation, economic standard, and family type. The result showed higher isoflavone intake levels in the group over 30 years old and the highest isoflavone intake in subjects working in farming/fishery, followed by housemakers. According to the differences by families the families with elderly members showed 50% higher isoflavone intake than young families with friends or siblings. Depending on related ecological variables, therefore, various nutrition education programs should be developed for a variety of intakes of soybean foods, along with easy and simple cooking methods as parts of continuous research.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제11권10호
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2020

한국 성인들의 흡연여부에 따른 음료섭취량과 치주질환의 연관성을 확인하기 위하여 제6기 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 만 19-64세 중 음료섭취조사와 건강설문조사 및 구강검진을 완료한 9,042명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 치주질환의 주요 위험요인인 흡연여부를 층화변수로 사용하여 복합표본 통계분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 비흡연군에서 치주질환자는 비치주질환자에 비해 커피의 섭취가 많았고, 우유, 탄산음료, 과일주스의 섭취는 적었다. 흡연군에서 치주질환자는 비치주질환자에 비해 커피의 섭취가 많았고, 우유, 액상요거트, 탄산음료, 과일주스의 섭취는 적었다. 외래 변수 보정 후 비흡연군에서는 커피의 섭취가 많은 사람이, 흡연군에서는 우유의 섭취가 적은 사람이 치주질환과 연관성이 있었다. 결론적으로 일부 음료의 섭취빈도는 치주질환과 연관성이 확인되어 치주질환 예방 교육 시 음료섭취의 중요성을 강조하고 식이지침에도 음료섭취에 관한 내용을 추가할 것을 제언한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.3338-3348
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 여자대학생을 대상으로 식생활 습관, 체형 및 체중조절태도와 피로자각증상과의 관련성을 검토할 목적으로 대전광역시의 6개 대학에 재학하고 있는 1~4학년 여자대학생 508명을 대상으로 2012년 4월 1일부터 5월 31일까지의 기간 동안에 자기기입식조사표(self administered questionnaire)에 의해 설문조사 하였다. 조사내용은 조사대상학생들의 기본적 속성 및 일상생활 상황, 식생활습관, 체형 및 체중조절 태도, 피로자각증상에 관한 항목으로 구성하였다. 연구결과, 피로자각증상에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 한 가지 음식만의 식사. 외식 빈도, 저녁식사의 섭취상황, 인스턴트식품 섭취빈도, 시리얼 및 아이스크림 섭취빈도, 콩류 및 콩 제품류 섭취빈도, 우유 및 유제품류 섭취빈도, 설탕의 과잉섭취에 대한 주의, 식염의 과잉섭취에 대한 주의, 체형의 자기평가, 체중조절의 지향 등의 식생활습관, 체형 및 체중조절 태도에 관련된 여러 변수들이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 따라서 건전한 식생활습관을 하기 위한 노력이나 보다 더 객관적인 평가에 의한 체형 및 체중조절의 자기평가가 이루어지도록 노력하는 것이 필요하다고 본다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.573-581
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the association of nutrients intake with sugar-containing food consumption of elementary school students in Daegu-Kyungpook area. We analyzed the dietary information from 164 elementary school students (82 boys, 82 girls) participated in "Dietary Intake Survey of Infants, Children and Adolescents" conducted by Korea Food & Drug Administration and Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Information on habitual dietary intake of sugar-containing foods was collected by food frequency questionnaires. Daily nutrients intake of each subject was calculated from 24-hour recall data for two non-consecutive days. As a result of average daily intake of major foods of elementary school students was analyzed from 1 to 50 ranking that show up higher ranking of white milk and white rice but include many kind of sugar-containing food. Dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, Ca, P, Fe and riboflavin were significantly lower for girls with higher sugar-containing food frequency scores. Significantly negative associations between Index of Nutrition Quality (INQ) and sugar-containing food frequency scores were observed for calcium (r = -0.34) and iron (r = -0.32) among girls. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) was significantly lower for girls with higher sugar-containing food frequency scores (r = -0.26). Our results indicated that nutrition education for elementary school students should focus on the importance of reducing the sugarcontaining food consumption with more attention for girls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.202-215
• /
• 2000

Intake frequency of one food is often associated with other food items, but few studies examined the relationship of food intake frequency among food items. Finding the relationship among intake frequencies of different food might be useful to understand the food intake patterns of population and correlated foods would be used as an indicators of another food intake. Relationship of food intake can be also applied to make a more simple and useful form of food frequency questionnaire to assess the association between diet and various diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation of intake frequency among food items in food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A FFQ with 84 food items was administered to 14533 Korean males who 40-65 years of age participating Korean cancer research survey. Data fromm 7647 subjects who completed FFQ were used to examine correlation among food items with three different methods-log linear regression models, Spearman correlation coefficients and cell frequency distribution. To examine the rank correlation, coefficients were calculated by Spearman correlation after scoring the frequency categories. Three most correlated foods were selected in every food intems by three methods each. In most food items, there was positive correlatin, except cooked rice and cooked brown rice, in intake frequency between foods that belonged to similar food groups. But serveral food items-Sausage (processed fish, cheese), Milk (whilte bread, orange juice), Soymilk(other juices), Cheese (pizza, butter), and Coffee(thick beef soup)-showed correlation among totally different food groups. Two sets of food items which were selected by log linear regression model and Sperman correlation coefficients were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 18 food items, 2 common foods in 47 items, 1 common food in 16 items and no common food in 3 items among 3 ranked foods. Three sets of selected food were compared. There were exactly three common foods in 5 food items, 2 common foods in 21 items, 1 common food in 34items and no common food in 24 items among 3 ranked foods. These results indicate that certain patterns exist among intake frequencies of specific food items in the FFQ. More researches are suggested to understand the relationshiops among the intakes of foods so that this information can be used in developing better FFQ or analyzing missing items from self-administered FFQ.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.785-795
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to: 1) investigate the beverage consumption pattern among Korean adults, and 2) analyze the relationship between the frequency of beverage consumption and oral health status. Methods: We used data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A general linear model was employed to assess the associations between demographic factors and frequency of beverage consumption; and oral health status and the frequency of beverage consumption. Results: The beverage with the highest frequency of intake was coffee (11.5 times per week). More frequent consumptions of fruit juices and carbonated drinks were associated with higher numbers of decayed teeth. Conclusions: To improve oral health, frequent intake of acidic and sweetened beverages should be reduced, and the consumption of milk should be encouraged.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.165-178
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 50세 이상 한국인을 성 연령군으로 나누어 골밀도에 근거한 골 건강상태와 우유류와 두류 섭취 간의 관련성을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 국민건강영양조사 (2008~2011년)에 참여한 만 50세 이상 남성 3,201명과 여성 3,581명을 대상으로 '50~64세 남성', '50~64세 여성', '65세 이상 남성', '65세 이상 여성' 성 연령군 집단으로 나누어 정상, 골감소증, 골다공증의 골 건강상태에 따른 영양소 및 식품 섭취량을 비교하고, 로지스틱 회귀분석에 의해 우유류와 두류 섭취빈도에 따른 골다공증 오즈비를 구하였다. 통계 분석은 SAS 9.3 version을 이용하였으며, 모든 통계처리는 층화, 집락, 가중치를 고려한 복합표본설계 자료 분석 방법을 적용하였다. 50~64세 남성 1,721명 중 3.8%, 65세 이상 남성 1,480명 중 13.1%가 골다공증이었으며, 50~64세 여성 1,950명 중 15.9%, 65세 이상 여성 1,631명 중 63.0%가 골다공증이었다. 여성이 남성에 비해 4~5배 정도 골다공증 비율이 높고, 남녀 모두 연령 증가와 함께 골다공증 발생이 증가 하였다. 모든 성 연령군 집단에서 대상자의 체중과 체질량지수는 정상, 골감소증, 골다공증 순이었다. 에너지, 단백질, 나트륨, 칼륨, 칼슘 및 비타민 C 섭취량은 남성의 경우 전반적으로 정상, 골감소증, 골다공증 순이었으며, 여성도 유사한 경향을 보였다. 칼슘 섭취량의 사분위 섭취량에 따른 골다공증 오즈비 (OR)가 연령, BMI, 에너지 섭취량에 의한 보정 후 50~64세 여성과 65세 이상 남성에서 4사분위 섭취량이 1사분위 섭취량에 비해 유의하였으며, 칼슘섭취량이 많을수록 골다공증이 감소하는 경향성 (p for trend = 0.01)을 나타내었다. 그러나 음주, 흡연, 신체활동도 포함하여 보정한 후 경향성은 각각 p값이 0.055, 0.051 수준으로 낮아졌다. 50~64세 남성에서 골 건강상태가 나쁠수록 우유류와 우유 섭취량은 감소하는 경향성을 보였으며, 50~64세 여성에서는 골다공증군의 우유류와 우유 섭취량이 골감소증군에 비해 유의하게 적었다. 두류와 두부 섭취량은 모든 성 연령군에서 골 건강상태에 따른 유의적인 차이 및 경향성을 보이지 않았다. 50~64세 남성에서 우유 섭취빈도는 골다공증 위험 감소와 유의적인 관련성을 보이지 않은 반면에 65세 이상 남성에서는 우유 섭취빈도가 월 1회 미만에 비해 주 2회 이상일 경우 골다공증 위험 (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.24~0.85)이 감소하였고, 감소하는 경향성 (p for trend = 0.022)을 보였다. 50~64세 여성에서 우유를 월 1회 미만 섭취하는 것에 비해 월1회~주1회 (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41~0.98) 섭취할 경우 오즈비가 유의하게 낮았다. 요구르트의 경우 50~64세 여성에서 섭취빈도가 높을수록 골다공증 위험이 감소하는 경향성 (p for trend = 0.019)을 보였다. 모든 성 연령군에서 두부 섭취빈도와 골다공증 위험과의 연관성은 나타나지 않은 반면에 두유를 주 2회 이상 섭취한 65세 이상 여성군에서는 골다공증 위험이 높게 나타났다. 혈청 25-hydroxy vitamin D 농도는 50~64세 여성에서 골 건강상태가 나쁠수록 뚜렷하게 낮았다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 여성의 경우는 50~64세 연령 시기에 칼슘 섭취량, 우유 및 요구르트 섭취와 골다공증 위험 감소 사이에 연관성이 있으며, 남성의 경우 65세 이후 칼슘 섭취량과 우유 섭취와 골다공증 위험 감소 사이에 연관성이 있었다. 반면 두부, 두유 등 두류 섭취는 골다공증 위험 감소에 효과적이지 않았다. 따라서 50세 이상 한국인에서 성 연령군에 적절한 골 건강상태 향상을 위한 식생활 및 생활습관 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2000

Contributions of specific foods to absolute intake and between-person variance in 13 nutrients were examined to develop a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the Korean elderly using dietary data collected by a semiquantitative FFQ with 96 food items. The contributions of specific foods to 90% absolute nutrient intake were measured by assessing their percentage to the total consumption of a nutrient by our samples(n=98). To assess the contribution of the foods to the between-person variance in intake of each specific nutrient, stepwise multiple regression was performed. Cumulative R2 served as the measure of contribution to variation in intake. The most important food source of absolute intake was rice for energy and protein. Important foods of between person variance contribution include bread for energy and pork for protein. Important foods of absolute and variance contribution of nutrient intake were similar for fat(noodles including jajangmyun and kalguksu), calcium(anchovy and milk) and vitamin A (carrot). The number of foods necessary to account for the variation in nutrient intake among older people in Korea differ considerably by nutrient: 18 - 43 and 8-26 foods were accounted for the respective 90 and 80% of absolute intake depending on nutrients. Carbohydrates and vitamin A and C had relatively a few major sources, thus may be assessed well by a small number of foods. Conversely, iron, potassium and B vitamins appear to need longer lists of foods. Fewer numbeer (6 - 12 and 4 - 9) of foods were required for the corresponding percentages of between-person variation for all nutrients. Depending on nutrients, 0.980-0.995 and 0.924-0.987 were respective correlation coefficients of nutrient intakes measured by 96 food items with those by lists of foods for 90% and 80% of absolute intake contribution. These findings suggest that an incomplete food list on the basis of its contribution to absolute and between person variation intakes may still be effective in discriminating among individuals. The results of this study may be useful in the design and use of dietary questionnaire.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.293-300
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary habits, health lifestyle, preference and intake of beverages of Chinese students in Gyeonggi area. Therefore, we try to identify the factors that affect beverage consumption. According to the analysis of the demographic characteristics of male and female Chinese students, there were 155 male students (49.7%) and 157 female students (50.3%). There were statistically significant differences between the residence period and the time of coming to Korea according to sex (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the education level, residence type and Korean ability (p>0.05). Analysis of the differences in health-related lifestyle among Chinese students of both sexes showed statistically significant difference in alcohol drinking, smoking, and exercise according to sex (p<0.05), but no statistically significant difference in computer use time (p>0.05). According to the analysis of the dietary habits of the Chinese students, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of meals per day, breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack frequency and number of midnight snacks, but no statistically significant difference in eating out frequency. As a result of the preference test for general beverages, 4.11 points of water, 3.81 points of milk, 3.64 points of fruit and vegetable juice, 3.58 points of tea, 3.25 points of coffee, 3.22 points of carbonated drinks, 2.92 points of functional drinks, respectively. Male students were more likely to prefer water, tea, and health functional drinks while female students had higher preference for fruit, vegetable juice and vinegar drinks (p<0.05). In general, consumption of regular drinks was 4.95 in water, 3.58 in milk, 3.03 in coffee, 2.92 in carbonated drink, 2.91 in fruit and vegetable juice, 2.63 in tea, 2.07 in functional drink, and 1.44 in vinegar appear. Male students had higher intake of water, tea, carbonated drinks, and health functional drinks while female students had higher intake of fruit and vegetable juice (p<0.05). The results of correlation analysis of factors affecting the general drinking of Chinese students are as follows. The intake of tea was related to the period of residence and dietary habits, the intake of milk for breakfast, the number of snacks and midnight snacks for carbonated drinks, and the fruit vegetable juice were related to dietary habits (p<0.01, p<0.05).