• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.508-518
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• 2019

Objective: This research aimed to determine biological pathways and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for 305-d milk yield (MY), 305-d fat yield (FY), and age at first calving (AFC) in the Thai multibreed dairy population. Methods: Genotypic information contained 75,776 imputed and actual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 2,661 animals. Single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictions were utilized to estimate SNP genetic variances for MY, FY, and AFC. Fixed effects included herd-year-season, breed regression and heterosis regression effects. Random effects were animal additive genetic and residual. Individual SNP explaining at least 0.001% of the genetic variance for each trait were used to identify nearby genes in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed. The PPI of genes were identified and visualized of the PPI network. Results: Identified genes were involved in 16 enriched pathways related to MY, FY, and AFC. Most genes had two or more connections with other genes in the PPI network. Genes associated with MY, FY, and AFC based on the biological pathways and PPI were primarily involved in cellular processes. The percent of the genetic variance explained by genes in enriched pathways (303) was 2.63% for MY, 2.59% for FY, and 2.49% for AFC. Genes in the PPI network (265) explained 2.28% of the genetic variance for MY, 2.26% for FY, and 2.12% for AFC. Conclusion: These sets of SNP associated with genes in the set enriched pathways and the PPI network could be used as genomic selection targets in the Thai multibreed dairy population. This study should be continued both in this and other populations subject to a variety of environmental conditions because predicted SNP values will likely differ across populations subject to different environmental conditions and changes over time.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.839-846
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• 2006

본 연구는 분만 전후 40두의 젖소에 무첨가, sucrose, sucrose+PG 및 sucrose+PG+NIS 복합제 첨가의 4 처리로 급여 시 사료섭취량, 산유량 혈중대사물질 및 대사성 질병 발생에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 사양시험을 수행하였는데, 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다.분만전 건물섭취량은 처리 간에 차이가 없었지만 sucrose+PG+NIS 복합제를 투여하였을 때 대조구 보다 높았으며(P<0.05), sucrose 급여시 분만 후 3주 동안의 건물섭취량이 대조구에 비하여 유의있게 높았다(P<0.05). 혈중 glucose 함량은 처리 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 분만 전 21일 평균 NEFA 함량은 대조구에 비하여 sucrose+PG 혼합제를 투여한 처리구에서 유의있게 낮은 수준을 보여주었다 (P<0.05). 그러나 분만 당일 및 분만 후 21일 동안에는 처리 간에 유의적인 차이를 보여주지는 않았다. 처리구별 산유량에 있어서는 첨가제의 급여에 의한 차이를 보여주지 않았으나, 유지율에 있어서는 sucrose 급여구와 sucrose+PG+NIS 복합제를 급여한 구에서 대조구에 비하여 유의있게 높은 수준을 보여주었다. 그리고 4 % FCM에서는 대조구에 비하여 모든 처리구에서 유의있게 높았으며 (P<0.05), 대사성질병 발생은 대조구에서 첨가제 급여구에 비하여 다소 많은 개체에서 후산정체, ketosis 및 유방염이 발생하였다.본 시험의 결과에서 sucrose와 같이 단맛으로 기호성을 증진시켜주는 것과 에너지원으로 이용될 수 있는 PG와 함께 사료의 이용성을 높여줄 수 있는 NIS를 첨가하여 급여할 경우에 생산성을 높이고 대사성질병의 발생을 줄여 낙농농가의 생산성 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze specific foods influencing absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake among Korean preschoolers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 2,766 participants aged 1-5 years in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a 24-h dietary recall method. Major food sources of absolute nutrient intake were evaluated based on percent contribution of each food. To assess the contribution of specific foods to between-person variations in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regressions were performed and cumulative $R^2$ was used. RESULTS: White rice and milk were main food sources of energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. The percentage of fat contributed by milk was 21.3% which was the highest, followed by pork, soybean oil, and egg. White rice accounted for 25% and 40% of total variability in total energy and carbohydrate intakes, respectively. About 39% of variation in calcium intake was explained by milk while 40% of variation in phosphorous intake was explained by cheese. The top 10 foods contributing to between-person variations in nutrient intakes were similar with food items that mainly contributed to absolute nutrient intakes. The number of foods explaining 90% of absolute amounts of nutrient intakes varied from 28 for vitamin A to 80 for iron. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified specific foods that contributed to absolute nutrient intakes and between-person variations in nutrient intakes among Korean preschoolers. Our findings can be used to develop dietary assessment tools and establish food-based dietary guidelines for young children.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.850-855
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• 2006

B광역시에 거주하는 $45{\sim}55$세 중년여성을 대상으로 한 실험군은 총 20명으로 하여 폐경 전 6명을 대조군(A), 7명을 운동군(B), 7명은 운동군+두유군(C)으로 하였으며 골반강화운동를 실시하고 두유는 매일 360 ml를 12주 동안 섭취하였다. 운동 전 후에 측정한 체중, 체지방율, 체질량지수, 골밀도, total estrogen, progesterone 검사 결과, 체지방율, 체질량지수는 대조군이 운동군과 두유섭취군보다 유의하게 증가되었고, Total estrogen의 집단내 변화에서 운동군+두유섭취군이 사후에서 감소가 나타나 개선의 긍정적인 효과라 사료된다. 이상의 연구결과에서 나타났듯이 이소플라본의 체내에서의 생리활성이 알려지면서 이소플라본을 함유한 건강보조식품들과 두유 소비가 꾸준히 증가되고 있는 추세이나, 일상 식사에서 이소플라본 섭취와 체내 이용성의 관련성에 관한 연구는 아직 미비한 실정이다. 그러므로 폐경기의 중년여성들을 위한 맞춤형 골반근육 강화운동 프로그램개발과 두유섭취에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통하여 향후 건강한 삶을 영위하는데 크게 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

The study was performed to investigate the effects of whey protein-rich meal substitute added with vitamins, minerals, and lactobacillus powder probiotics on weight loss, body fat, and body composition in 24 female volunteers for 4 weeks. Whey protein-rich meal substitute was consumed with low-fat, high calcium milk (1% fat, 260 mg/200 mL) twice a day. Subjects submitted 3-day diet records and a life-style questionnaire before the study. During the study, subjects were required to turn in a diet record every day and consume the meal substitute formula in the metabolic ward at C university for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out weekly by Inbody 7.0. The dietary intake and anthropometric data were analyzed to compare changes before and after the study by paired t-test with SPSS version 23.0. The subjects were mostly early 20's and either overweight or obese and highly motivated to lose weight. Most of the subjects consumed three meals per day regularly and spent mostly 10~15 minutes for a meal. Their caloric intake was relatively low and decreased from 1,360 kcal at week 0 to 1,100 kcal after 4 weeks. However, total protein intake increased while carbohydrate and fat intakes decreased (p<0.05) after the trial. Nine vitamin intakes after the study improved compared to those before the study (p<0.05). After the study, subjects showed lower body weight (-1.8 kg), body fat (-0.94 kg), percent body fat (-0.86%), as well as waist circumference (-4.52 cm), hip circumference (-0.44 cm), waist hip ratio (-0.05), and triceps skinfold thickness (-2.39 mm) compared to those at week 0 (p<0.05). Muscle mass tended to be less compared to week 0, although there was no significant differences between weeks 0 and 4. In conclusion, diet trial with whey protein-rich meal substitute induced weight loss and positively changed body fat parameters and body composition.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 차후 어린이의 식생활 및 영양정책수립의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 초등학생 및 보호자인 어머니를 대상으로 가공식품 섭취 및 소비실태와 위해가능 영양성분으로 당, 나트륨, 콜레스테롤, 포화지방 및 트랜스지방에 대한 인지도 및 노출수준을 살펴보았다. 초등학생은 위해가능 영양성분 중 당류는 가공우유, 탄산음료, 요구르트 등에서 많은 양을 섭취하였고, 콜레스테롤은 가공우유에서, 나트륨 및 포화지방은 모두 라면에서 가장 많은 양을 섭취하여 초등학생의 라면 섭취를 줄이기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 한편 초등학생 중 위해가능 영양성분의 섭취량이 높은 상위 20%집단이 하위 20%집단보다 약 10배가량 많은 양을 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 나트륨은 무려 20배가량 많은 양을 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 상위 20%집단의 나트륨 및 포화지방의 섭취는 하루섭취 권장량에 근접하여 세끼 식사에 함유된 나트륨 및 포화지방을 고려한다면 권장치를 충분히 넘을 수 있다고 판단된다. 나트륨 및 포화지방의 과다섭취는 만성적인 성인질환의 원인이 되므로 학교에서 가공식품의 섭취량이 높은 아동을 선별하여 과다 섭취 시 문제가 되는 영양성분에 대한 영양교육의 실시와 식습관 교정교육이 요구된다. 이와 더불어 초등학생이 자주 섭취하는 과자류, 아이스크림류, 요구르트, 탄산음료류 등에 대한 정부의 위해가능 영양성분 저감화 정책의 시행 및 가공식품 제조업체의 적극적인 협조도 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 본 연구에서 어머니의 가공식품 선택과 자녀의 가공식품 섭취는 서로 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 가공식품에 대한 교육이 학생뿐만 아니라 어머니도 함께 이루어져야 한다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 어머니는 가공식품에 관한 영양교육을 방송매체를 통하여 받는 경우가 가장 많았고, 학교에서 가공식품에 대한 영양교육을 실시할 경우 다수의 어머니가 참석하기를 희망하였다. 따라서 학교에서 영양교사를 주체로 하여 어머니를 대상으로 가공식품 및 위해가능 영양성분에 대한 교육이 이루어진다면 초등학생의 위해가능 영양성분 섭취량의 저감화에 더 큰 효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 학생과 어머니의 위해가능 영양성분에 대한 인지도 조사결과 나트륨에 대한 지식수준은 두 집단 모두 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 콜레스테롤, 포화지방 및 트랜스지방에 대한 항목은 오답률이 정답률보다 높거나 또는 50%를 약간 상회하는 수준으로 나타났다. 식생활이 점차 서구화되면서 최근 방송매체 등에서 위해가능 영양성분에 대한 내용이 자주 오르내리며 사회적 이슈가 되고 있지만 어머니와 초등학생의 지식이 아직까지는 다소 부족한 것으로 보인다. 영양교육을 받은 집단과 받지 않은 집단에 대한 인지도는 교차분석 결과 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 위해가능 영양성분에 대하여 학생 및 어머니집단 모두 영양교육의 효과를 보지 못했다는 것으로 사료되며, 따라서 학교에서 학생과 어머니를 대상으로 체계적인 영양교육의 실시가 요구된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 1982

시판(市販) Carton 및 Cone 형 아이스크림에 대한 화학성분(化學成分) 분석(分析) 및 지방성분(脂肪成分)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)하고, 또한 선발(選拔) 및 훈련(訓練)된 파넬에 의해 관능적(官能的) 품질(品質) 평가시험(評價試驗)을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 가. 시판(市販)아이스크림 중의 지방(脂肪), 총고형분(總固形分), 총단백질(總蛋白質), 무지유고형분(無脂乳固形分), 유당(乳糖) 및 조회분(粗灰分)함량은 제조회사별(製造會社別)로 큰 차이가 없었으며 , 그들의 평균함량은 각각 Carton형이 8.53%, 34,18%, 3.43%, 11.02%, 6.17% 및 0.84%이었고 Cone형이 6.54%, 34.02%, 3.29%, 10.40%, 5.84% 및 0.77%이었다. 나. 추출(抽出)된 아이스크림 지방(脂肪)의 산가(酸價), 감화가, 요오드가(價) 및 Reichert-Meissl가(價)는 제조회사별(製造會社別)로 다소간의 큰 차이를 나타내었으며, 그들의 평균값은 각각 Carton형이 0.58, 221.88, 19.63 및 29.04이었고 Cone형이 0.65, 219.45, 18.64 및 28.82이었다. 다. 시판(市販) 4개회사(個會社) 제품(製品)의 아이스크림을 시료(試料)로 하여 3점시험법(點試驗法), 순위시헙법(順位試驗法) 및 채점시험법(採點試驗法)에 의한 관능적품질(官能的品質) 평가시험(評價試驗)을 실시한 결과(結果) 거의 5% 수준(水準)이상에서 제조회사별(製造會社別)로 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)가 인정(認定)되었으여, Carton 및 Cone험 모두가 C 및 D 회사(會社) 제품(製品)의 아이스크림이 A 및 B회사제품(會社製品)의 것보다 우수하게 평가(評價)되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.856-863
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• 2005

Dietary Variety Score (DVS) or Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) offers a way of comparing eating habits across populations and across countries. This study compared nutrients intakes, food intakes, DVS, and NAR between Korean and US adults using the large national survey data. 4662 Korean adults (men: 2201, women: 2461) aged 20-49 years were selected from the 'Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey,2001' and 4199 US adults (men: 2127, women: 2072) aged 20-49 years were selected from the 'US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES IV,1999-2002)'. The total plant food intakes were high in Korean adults, but the total animal food intakes were high in US adults. Intakes of legumes and nuts, vegetables and mushrooms were higher in Korean than in US adults. On the other hand, intakes of meats, milk and dairy products of US adults were higher than Korean. Beverage intakes were 8 - 10 times higher in US adults than in Korean. The mean DVS of Korean men and women were higher than US men and women. Intakes of fat, calcium and vitamin $B\_{2}$ of US adults were 1.5 - 2 times higher than those of Korean, which could probably related to larger consumption by US adults on milk and dairy product. While the intakes of carbohydrate and vitamin C of the Korean were higher than the US adults, which could presumably related to higher grain and vegetable consumption. Percent energy intakes from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were $64.1\%$, $15.8\%$, and $20.1\%$ for Korean men, $52.4\%$, $15.0\%$, and $32.6\%$ for US men, $65.9\%$, $14.9\%$, $19.2\%$ for Korean women, and $52.1\%$, $14.7\%$, $33.2\%$ for US women respectively, which showed higher $\%$energy from carbohydrate in Korean and higher $\%$energy from fat in US adults. Most nutrient intakes except energy and vitamin C expressed as $\%$RDA were higher in US than in Korean adults. Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) of US men and Korean men were both 0.85, while the MAR was 0.81 for Korean women,0.79 for US women. The Korean women's diet showed more diverse and adequate than the US women's diet.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore dietary patterns and compare dietary patterns using cluster and factor analysis in Korean adults. This study analyzed data of 4,182 adult populations who aged 30 and more and had all of socio-demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data from 2005 Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Socio-demographic data was assessed by questionnaire and dietary data from 24-hour recall method was used. For cluster analysis, the percent of energy intake from each food group was used and 4 patterns were identified: "traditional", "bread, fruit & vegetable, milk", "noodle & egg", and "meat, fish, alcohol". The "traditional" pattern group was more likely to be old, less educated, living in a rural area and had higher percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates than other pattern groups. "Meat, fish, alcohol" group was more likely to be male and higher percentage of energy intake from fat. For factor analysis, mean amount of each food group was used and also 4 patterns were identified; "traditional", "modified", "bread, fruit, milk", and "noodle, egg, mushroom". People who showed higher factor score of "traditional" pattern were more likely to be elderly, less educated, and living in a rural area and higher proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates. In conclusion, three dietary patterns defined by cluster and factor analysis separately were similar and all dietary patterns were affected by socio-demographic factors and nutrient profile.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrient intakes in 5th to 8th grade school boys and girls. A total of 1,333 students were recruited from 1 elementary and 1 middle school, both located in Seoul. The data on food and nutrients intake were collected by 3-day food record. The food intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy intake according to 21 food subgroups. The consumption of noodles, and meat's products (including ham and sausage) groups were higher in 7th and 8th grade than 5th and 6th grade. On the other hand consumption of vegetables and milk & its products groups were lower in 7th and 8th grade. As results, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin C intakes were lower in 7th and 8th grade students. Dietary patterns by cluster analysis resulted in $77\%$ of subjects with traditional pattern based rice and kimchi, and $23\%$ with modified pattern. All students regardless of grades showed high fat intake, above 20 percent energy intake from fat, and high cholesterol intakes. In conclusion, there was significant difference between 5th and 6th grade primary school students and 7th and 8th junior school students regarding food and nutrient intakes; It should be necessary to provide proper nutrient education and monitoring in order to establish good dietary profile.