• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2012

The circulation and infection of avian influenza virus (AIV) in zoos and backyard flocks has not been systematically investigated. In the present study, we surveyed the birds including those in live bird markets (LBMs) and evaluated co-circulation of AIVs among them. Overall, 26 H9N2 AIVs and one H6N2 AIV were isolated from backyard flocks and LBMs, but no AIVs were isolated from zoo birds. Genetic analysis of the HA and NA genes indicated that most of the H9N2 AIVs showed higher similarities to AIVs circulating in domestic poultry than to those in wild birds, while the H6N2 AIV isolate from an LBM did to AIVs circulating in migratory wild birds. In serological tests, 15% (391/2619) of the collected sera tested positive for AIVs by competitive-ELISA. Among them, 34% (131/391) of the sera tested positive for AIV H9 antigen by HI test, but only one zoo sample was H9 positive. Although AIVs were not isolated from zoo birds, the serological results indicated that infection of AIVs might occur in zoos. It was also confirmed that H9N2 AIVs continue to circulate and evolve between backyard flocks and LBMs. Therefore, continuous surveillance and monitoring of these flocks should be conducted to control further epidemics.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2017

Six major outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred from 2003 to 2016 in Korea. Epidemiological investigations of each outbreak revealed that migratory birds were the primary source of the HPAI virus. During the last five years, the geographic transmission pattern of domestic HPAI seems to have extended from local to nationwide; therefore, it is necessary to identify specific locations in which poultry farms are at elevated risk for HPAI outbreak to enable targeted surveillance and other mitigation strategies. Here, a geographical information system (GIS)-based analysis was used to identify geographic areas at high risk for future HPAI incidents in Korea based on historical outbreak data collected between December 2003 and April 2016. To accomplish this, seven criteria were used to identify areas at high-risk for HPAI occurrence. The first three criteria were based on defined spatial criteria buffering of 200 bird migration sites to some defined extents and the historical incidence of HPAI outbreaks at the buffering sites. The remaining criteria were based on combined attribute information such as number of birds or farms at district levels. Based on the criteria established for this study, the most-likely areas at higher risk for HPAI outbreak were located in Chungcheong, Jeolla, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongnam provinces, which are densely populated poultry regions considered major poultry-production areas that are located along bird migration sites. The proportion of areas at risk for HPAI occurrence ranged from 4.5% to 64.9%. For the worst criteria, all nine provinces, including Jeju Island, were found to be at risk of HPAI. The results of this study indicate that the number of poultry farms at risk for HPAI outbreaks is largely underestimated by current regulatory risk assessment procedures conducted for biosecurity authorization. The HPAI risk map generated in this study will enable easy use of information by policy makers to identify surveillance zones and employ targeted surveillance to reduce the impact of HPAI transmission.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2022

이 조사는 전북지역에서 일본뇌염, 말라리아, 웨스트나일병, 지카바이러스, 황열의 매개체 모기에 대해 조사되었다. 2021년 3월부터 12월까지 매월 2회 모기류를 채집하여 감염병 매개체 발생빈도와 병원체를 조사 감시한 결과 전체 채집 개체수는 7속 15종으로 15,975마리가 채집되었다. 환경별로 완주 축사에서 9,116마리(trap index: TI, 506.4)로 가장 많이 채집되었으며 철새도래지, 전주도심의 순서로 채집되었다. 군산 철새도래지에서는 철새보호구역의 갈대숲에서는 3217마리(TI, 178.7), 남자화장실에서 356마리(TI, 19.7), 여자화장실에서 1,948마리(TI, 108.2) 채집되었다. 전주시내에서는 덕진공원에서 677마리(TI, 37.6), 덕진구청에서 358마리(TI, 19.8), 전북대에서 303마리(TI, 16.8)가 채집되었다. 군산 철새도래지에서는 여자화장실, 전주 도심에서는 덕진공원에서 가장 많은 개체수가 채집되었다. 병원체 검사 결과는 모두 음성이었다. 이 연구결과는 전북지역 모기에 의한 질병대책 전북지역 모기매개감염병에 대한 기초자료의 근거를 제공해 준다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.285-297
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• 2024

본 연구 지역은 김포한강신도시 주변 걸포동, 감정동 일원으로 한강하구 철새도래지역과 인접하여 지속적인 철새류 이입이 이루어지고 있는 지역이며, 해당 지역의 논 습지는 오리·기러기류의 먹이 공급원으로 이용되고 있다. 4개 논 습지(site A~D)를 대상으로 2015년 10월~2022년 3월(총 59차례)까지 관찰된 조류는 총 32과 72종 44,942개체였으며, 상대적으로 넓고 한강과 접한 site D에서 높은 종과 개체수를 보였다. 개발이 시행된 site A와 주변(site B, C) 지역 조사에서는 상대적으로 종수가 낮았으나, 개발이나 간섭의 증가로 섭식지가 소멸되거나 감소하지만, 지속적인 종 이입과 잔여 섭식지를 이용하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 대상 지역 이입 종 중 우점종이며 법정보호종으로 논 습지를 섭식지로 이용하는 큰기러기를 대상 종으로 선정하고, 분포 특성을 기간별 분석한 결과('15~'22년, 10~3월, 총 30개월) 총 39차례 162회 개체군이 이입되는 등 개체수가 최대 30배까지 증가하였다. 이런 결과는 연구 대상 지역이 한강하구 주요철새도래지역인 장항습지(월동지)와 섭식지간 이용하는 기러기류 실태조사에서 약 5km 내 섭식지를 집중적으로 이용하고 있는 것에 따른 결과라 판단되며, 연구 지역 일대가 이동 거리상 가치가 높은 지역임을 확인할 수 있었고, 향후에도 지속적으로 이용될 것으로 판단된다. 연구 대상 지역의 경우 도시 확장에 따른 섭식지 소멸이나 감소가 발생하더라도 지속적인 종이입이 예상되며, 장래 개발 시 잔존 서식지 보존 외에 대체 섭식지 확보와 밀려나게 될 섭식지로의 원활한 이동을 위한 생태적 코리더의 보호와 코리더와 연결된 징검다리 서식지 확보 대책이 수립돼야 할 것이다.

• 환경생물
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

Seabirds have adapted to life in marine environments. More than 25% of the bird species observed in South Korea are seabirds, using the coast area of Korean peninsula as a stop-over and wintering, and breeding site. The aims of this review are to provide information about migratory and resident Korean seabirds and to discuss the methods that are currently employed to monitor the marine environment. In Korea, it has been reported that more than 400,000 individuals of seabirds breed on Nando Islet, Chilbaldo Islet, Guguldo Islet, Sasudo Islet, Hongdo Islet and Dokdo Islet. In 2010, approximately 160,000 seabirds also visited South Korea during the winter. Two of the main treats were introduced wildlife and habitat destruction by humans. Seabirds are monitored mainly at the population and individual levels. The assessment of population sizes and biomagnifications of pollutants are performed preferably at the community and population levels. Behaviour, growth, morphological characteristics, and breeding success is analyzed at the individual level and employed to gauge the health of the marine environment. In addition, we could suggest that molecular technique of seabirds successfully adopted to investigate the effects of pollutants and toxins in the marine environment.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2020

The epidemiological investigation of outbreak in korea confirmed that the inflow of avian influenza (AI) is related to the migration of migratory birds. In this study, avian repellents instrument were implemented and developed using the visual effects of lasers in accordance with the situation of small domestic fowl farms, and monitoring cameras were installed around each instrument to investigate the frequency of wild birds appearing and evaluate the performance of the instrument. Observation showed that the appreance ratio was reduced by 95%, and no significant reduction in the intrusion prevention effect by adaptation was observed on all fowl farms. In conclusion, it is expected that the outbreak of wild bird-borne infectious diseases such as avian influenza will be decreased if the device is installed on domestic fowl farms.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.399-411
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• 2008

The study purposes to survey teacher's and child's difficulties which full day classes of public kindergarten regrouped in the afternoon time are having. The subjects are 4 full day class pre-service kindergarten teachers and 8 full-day class children in G Metropolitan City and in J Province. Data were collected through in depth interviews and participatory observation. According to the results, the variables of teachers' difficulties in managing full day classes regrouped in the afternoon time are "living as an outsider without a sense of belonging", "living as a false teacher rather than a real class teacher", and "living as a teacher giving specialty and aptitude education". The variables of children's difficulties are "moving like a migratory bird", "watching the clock and the door", and "being unable to concentrate". The study is expected to be useful as one of basic findings for desirable management of kindergarten full day classes regrouped in the afternoon time.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2003

Seosan A, B area is located on 36°42' of north parallel and 126°27' of east longitude. It consisted of broad artificial lakes and reclaimed agricultural lands; there is Ganwalho lake in A area and Bunamho lake in B area. Total birds surveyed four times in 2001 at the A area are 105,580 of 11 orders, 28 families, 89 species. Among them, resident species were 21 species including Pica pica. Twenty species including Cuculus canorus were summer migrants, and 30 species including Platalea leucorodia were winter migrants. Seventeen species including Limosa limosa were occasionally species. And Rostratula benghalensis was an unconfirmed species. Species diversity index (H') was 0.72; species equally common index (e/sup H'/) was 2.06. In January, maximum observed 102,121 individuals. However in July 52 species were observed most variously. There were total 81,152 birds observed with 11 orders, 22 families, and 71 species at the B area. Fifteen species including Falco tinnumculus were resident species. Summer migrants were 18 species including Ixobychus sinensis. Winter migrants were 25 species including Ciconia boyciana. Thirteen species including Tringa glareola were occasionally species. Species diversity index (H') was 0.281; species equally common index (e/sup H'/) was 1.325. In January, maximum observed 78,433 individuals. However in Silly 42 species were observed most variously.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.454-461
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• 2019

Background: Ikonnikov's whiskered bat (Myotis ikonnikovi) is found throughout the Korean Peninsula, as well as in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, China, and Japan. It is small-sized and primarily inhabits old-growth forests. The decrease and fragmentation of habitats due to increased human activity may influence the genetic structure of bat populations. This study was designed to elucidate the population genetic structure of M. ikonnikovi using mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b). Results: The results showed that M. ikonnikovi populations from Korea have high genetic diversity. Although genetic differentiation was not detected for the COI gene, strong genetic differentiation of the Cytb gene between Mt. Jeombong and Mt. Jiri populations was observed. Moreover, the results indicated that the gene flow of the maternal lineage may be limited. Conclusions: This study is the first to identify the genetic population structure of M. ikonnikovi. We suggest that conservation of local populations is important for sustaining the genetic diversity of the bat, and comprehensive studies on factors causing habitat fragmentation are required.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2005

본 연구는 대형 산불이 발생한 강원도 고성군 산불피해지 역에 서식하는 맹금류의 현황을 통해 산불피해지 역이 맹금류의 서식에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 고성군 산불피해지역에서 관찰된 맹금류는 총2목 3과 8종 최대 개체수 합계 28개체가 확인되었다. 최우점종은 새홀리기였으며, 말똥가리, 황조롱이, 붉은배새매의 순으로 조사되었다. 2002년 5월에 가장 많은 종과 개체수가 관찰되었으며, 부분적 미피해지역과 미피해지역에서 5종으로 가장 많은 맹금류가 관찰되었다. 이 한 맹금류들의 종과 개체수를 증가시키기 위해서 산불피해지 역에 맹금류들이 둥지를 만들 수 있는 조건을 조성해준다면, 산불피해지 역에 서식하는 맹금류의 종과 개체수는 더욱 늘어날 것으로 판단된다.