• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze Phenomenon of the residential movement and important factors in the city of Seoul. First, The patterns of residential location during 1975-1994 in terms of macro aspects are to be investigated. Second, Residential patterns among households based on the literature survey data in terms of micro aspects are to be indentified. Methodology applied to the study is regression analysis using 1975-1994statistical data and content analysis based on the literature survey. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The factors of residential movement in the city of Seoul are explained by the changes of the economic structure, residential environment, individual characteristics, and housing policy. That is. the development of transportation systems, the number of homeownership scheme holders, crime rates, increase of residential areas effect on the decrease of the population in the city center of Seoul 2) According to the income groups and resident characteristics, Residential location patterns are different in residential location choice and the scope of spatial migration.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.125-139
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• 2017

This study analyzes the determinants and patterns of regional migration in Myanmar. Population migration is affected by various factors such as economic and social factors as well as regional characteristics. It is affected by factors such as income, employment and social overhead capital. Therefore, this study attempts to analyze the following two research problems. First, I would like to analyze whether the reform and opening of Myanmar is causing the migration of rural to urban population. Myanmar is also trying to verify the pattern of population migration experienced by other developing countries. Second, we analyze the impact of social overhead capital on population migration in Myanmar. We analyze the impact of basic infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water on population movements. This will give implications for investment policy decision of social overhead capital for balanced regional development. First, the pattern of population migration in Myanmar is shifting from rural to urban areas, as other developing countries have experienced. Myanmar's urban areas of Yangon and Mandalay have been analyzed as having migration. Second, the expansion of social overhead capital was found to have an impact. Social overhead capital such as roads and educational environments were analyzed to have the capacity to inhale the population. Especially, the educational environment of the region has a great effect on population migration. It is analyzed that education reform is an important policy issue for the balanced regional development of Myanmar. Fourth, employment opportunities were analyzed to have the greatest impact on Myanmar population movements. In the early stage of economic development, it is analyzed that the population moves to a region where employment opportunity is high in the situation where foreign capital is coming in. It is analyzed that the direction of inflow of foreign capital and the imbalance of development in the region will be determined in the situation where the economic development is carried out through foreign capital.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2013

Genetic diversity and gene flow patterns in Pollicipes mitella were investigated with a nucleotide sequence analysis of 514 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) in 124 samples collected from six Korean populations. In total, 59 haplotypes were defined by 40 variable nucleotide sites in the COI region. The haplotypes had shallow haplotype genealogy and no geographic associations. All populations had high haplotype diversity (0.909 to 0.979) and low nucleotide diversity (0.0055 to 0.0098). The haplotypes with recently diverged nucleotides were distributed by long-range larvae dispersal among regional populations. The pairwise fixation indices ($F_{ST}$) estimated with the exact test and migration rates indicate that substantial gene flow has occurred among populations as a result of sea currents, except between the Uljin (East Sea coast) and other Korean populations. This suggests that significant genetic differentiation and low migration rates have affected the Uljin population.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1987.07a
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• pp.157-167
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• 1987

The have been many reports that phenoloxidase are correlated with development in many fungi. C. congregatus, one of nushroom-forming basidiomycetes, which requires light for its development also has phenoloxidases. In C. congragatus, there are two sets of membrane-associated phenoloxidase (PHO I and PHO II) which are differentiated by their isozyme patterns, and each enzyme set consists of two different subtrate specific enzyme protein; o-tolidine reacting enzyme, and DOPA reacting enzyme. PHO I which is localized by a protoplast-concanavalin A technique by using a new solidifying agent, Pluronic Polyol F 127, instead of agar appears in the vegetative hyphae, and PHO II appears at the early primordial stage on agar and at the sclerotial stage of liquid shake cultures. Inhibition of PHO I with the enzyme inhibitors inhibits mushroom formation as well as melanization of the vegetative hyphae at concentrations which do not inhibit the vegetative growth. PHO I deficient mutants do not form mushrooms or melanins, and the mutants show abnormal nuclear migration patterns. PHO II has roles; possibly cementing the adjacent hyphae during the actual three dimensonal structure formation, and melanizing mushrooms and sclerotia. The possible roles of PHO I in the light reception complex and in melanin formation, the function of malanin, and possible roles of postulated post translational modifying enzymes which regulate the phenoloxidases, nuclear migration pattern, and self-nonself recognition mechanism are discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Understanding the metapopulation structure and movement of a species are required for conserving the species. In this paper, migration patterns and connectivity of patches of a threatened butterfly, Parnassius bremeri Bremer, were postulated using the mark-release-recapture (MRR) technique in a habitat located in the mid-southern region of the Korean peninsula. A total of 194 individuals were captured (137 males and 57 females) and, of them, 93 individuals (73 males and 20 females) were recaptured during the MRR experiment. The migration analysis showed 23-150% immigration and 28-53% emigration. There were high correlations between the migrating individuals and the distance between patches, but there was no correlation between migrating individuals and patch size or between migrating individuals and the number of host plants. Consequently, the migration of butterflies occurred frequently between closer patches, while patch size and quantity of the food plant had minor effects on migration behavior. Additionally, males migrated more frequently than females. Analysis of the migration patterns of P. bremeri showed that the central patch played an important role on linking patch groups and more frequent migrations were monitored between nearby patches than between the remote patches. This study suggested that active migrations take place between the neighboring multiple patches and these are accelerated if there is a stepping-stone patch between them.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.185-200
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• 2016

The discipline of Geography is broadly concerned with the interconnections between people and the environment. Particularly, this unique human-environment relationship often can be typically reflected from, and well illustrated by, the dynamics of microstates' island environment. While Tuvaluans living on vulnerable, low-lying atolls in the Pacific are not primarily responsible for contributing to climate change, yet they are experiencing its dreadful effects. Population pressure, caused by the differences in population size, distribution, and composition, has been constantly affected by resource unavailability and environmental instability on the islands. It also represents one of our challenges in understanding the complex influence of population dynamics on the living environment. What can be learned from Tuvalu in the context of population geography and environmental geography as well as its relationship with other Pacific island microstates? What are Tuvaluans' migration responses to their atolls' environmental crisis as well as the carrying capacity scenarios related to overpopulation? What are the current living experiences and settlement situations of Tuvaluan internal and external migrants both at home and abroad? This research examines the contemporary migration literature in the context of Tuvalu's population geography, while analyzing Tuvaluan migration patterns, discourses and perspectives in relation to environmental change.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.125-129
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• 2018

Dopaminergic neurons are one of the major neuronal components in the brain. Mesencephalon dopamine (DA) neurogenesis takes place in the ventricular zone of the floor plate, when DA progenitors divide to generate postmitotic cells. These cells migrate through the intermediate zone while they differentiate and become DA neurons on reaching the mantle zone. However, neurogenesis and neuronal migration on dopaminergic neurons remain largely unexplored in the mesencephalon development. This study presents neurogenesis and neuronal migration patterns of dopaminergic neurons during mesencephalic development of the mouse. Neurons from embryonic day (E) 10-14 were labelled by a single injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry was performed. The neurogenesis occurred mainly at the E10 and E11, which was uniformly distributed in the mesencephalic region, but neurons after E13 were observed only in the dorsal mesencephalon. At the postnatal day 0 (P0), E10 generated neurons were spread out uniformly in the whole mesencephalon whereas E11-originated neurons were clearly depleted in the red nucleus region. DA neurons mainly originated in the ventromedial mesencephalon at the early embryonic stage especially E10 to E11. DA neurons after E12 were only observed in the ventral mesencephalon. At E17, E10 labelled neurons were only observed in the substantia nigra (SN) region. Our study demonstrated that major neurogenesis occurred at E10 and E11. However, neuronal migration continued until neonatal period during mesencephalic development.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.201-205
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• 2019

This study presents neurogenesis and neuronal migration patterns of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons during mesencephalic development of mouse. After neurons from embryonic day (E) 10-16 were labelled by a single injection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), immunohistochemistry was performed. Neurogenesis were mainly generated in the mesencephalic region at E10 to E13. After E14, BrdU positive cells were observed only in the dorsal mesencephalon. GABAergic neurons were mainly originated in the ventrolateral region of the mesencephalon at the early embryonic stage, especially at E11 to E13. E10-labeled cells showed positive for GABAergic neuron in the basal plate of the mesencephalon at E13. At E15, GABAergic neurons were observed in the entire basal plate and some regions of the ventral and dorsal mesencephalon. They were present in the whole basal plate, the ventral and dorsal mesencephalon of E17, spreading more outward of the mesencephalon at P0. Our study demonstrates that major neurogenesis of GABAergic neurons occurs at E11 to E13. However, neuronal migration continues until neonatal period during mesencephalic development.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.472-482
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• 1991

Seasonal distributions of zooplankton were investigated in Asan Bay, Korea. Labidocera euchaeta, Sagitta crassa, Calanus sinicus, Acartia omorii were dominant taxa throughout the year with seasonally varying percent compositions. Bivalve veliger larva (fall), Decapoda larva (spring and summer), and Paracalanus Parvus, Evadne tergestina (summer) were also dominated during contain period. The patterns of time dependent vertical distributions of one major taxon, A. omorii, showed seasonal differences, i.e., it showed the trends of normal vertical migration in winter and reversed vertical migration in spring. At surface layer day time abundances were equal or less than night time abundances in general.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Environmental variables, fishing and biological data of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus were used to describe changes in structure, migration and abundance of the squid population in relation to ocean climate shifts. It was possible to consider the main groups of the squid (autumn and winter-spawned groups) as a single population to aid conservation in the waters around Korea and Japan (TWC and KOC regions). The patterns of yearly fluctuations in abundance of the squid population in the two regions were the same during 52 years of $1952{\sim}2003$. The abundance of the squid began to decrease in both regions in the early 1970s, remained low in the 1980s and the main squid groups synchronously increased in the 1990s coincident with favorable changes of thermal conditions and plankton production in those ecosystems. The mechanisms of changes in the structure, distribution and abundance of common squid population in relation to current-mediated migration circuits are explained on the basis of phenological variables responding to climate shifts.