DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fluctuations in the Abundance of Common Squid, Todarodes pacificus and Environmental Conditions in the Far East Regions during 52 Years

  • Published : 2006.02.01

Abstract

Environmental variables, fishing and biological data of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus were used to describe changes in structure, migration and abundance of the squid population in relation to ocean climate shifts. It was possible to consider the main groups of the squid (autumn and winter-spawned groups) as a single population to aid conservation in the waters around Korea and Japan (TWC and KOC regions). The patterns of yearly fluctuations in abundance of the squid population in the two regions were the same during 52 years of $1952{\sim}2003$. The abundance of the squid began to decrease in both regions in the early 1970s, remained low in the 1980s and the main squid groups synchronously increased in the 1990s coincident with favorable changes of thermal conditions and plankton production in those ecosystems. The mechanisms of changes in the structure, distribution and abundance of common squid population in relation to current-mediated migration circuits are explained on the basis of phenological variables responding to climate shifts.

Keywords

References

  1. Adachi J. 1979. Studies on the stocks of common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup-III clues on the estimation and the forecasting of the stock level of the autumn population in the Japan Sea. Bull Jap Soc Fish Oceanogr 34: 32-42 (in Japanese)
  2. Araya H. 1967. Resources of surumeika (Todarodes pacificus). Suisan- Kenkyu Sosho, Tokyo, 16, pp 1-60 (in Japanese)
  3. Araya H. 1976. Migration and fishing ground of winter subpopulation of the squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, in the northern waters of Japan. Bull Hokkaido Reg Fish Res Lab 41: 119-129
  4. Araya H. 1981. Fisheries and resources of the squid and octopus in the waters around Japan. Report on the marine organisms in relation to the disposal of the radioactive debris. Fish Agen Japan (in Japanese)
  5. Arkhipkin AI. 1993. Age, growth, stock structure and migratory rate of prespawning short-finned squid, Illex argentinus on base of statolith ageing investigations. Fish Res 16: 313-338 https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(93)90144-V
  6. Akamine T, Hasegawa S, Ito S. 1992. Fishing conditions and population status of common squid in the Japan Sea for 1991. Suisan Sekai, 1992/4, pp 48-53 (in Japanese)
  7. Caddy JF. 1983. The cephalopods: Factors relevant to their population dynamics and the assessment and management of stocks. In: Advances in Assessment of World Cephalopod Resources (Caday JF ed). FAO. Fish Tech Pap 231, pp 416-452
  8. Chiba S, Saino T. 2002. Interdecadal change in the upper water column environment and spring diatom community structure in the Japan Sea: an early summer hypothesis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 231: 23-35 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps231023
  9. Chiba S, Saino T, Hirota Y, Hasegawa S. 2003. North-south contrast of multi-decadal scale variation of low trophic level ecosystem in the Japan/East Sea: ligh-limited versus nutrient- limited. Extended abstract, Science Board Symposium, 12th PICES annual meeting, Seoul, Korea, p 72
  10. Choi KH, Hwang SD, Kim JI. 1997. Fishing conditions of common squid(Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup) in Korean warers. J Korean Fish Soc 30: 513-522 (in Korean)
  11. Choi KH. 2005. Fishing conditions of common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in relation to oceanic conditions in Korean waters. Dissertation for Ph.D Pukyeong National University
  12. Cushing DH. 1969. Migration and abundance. Bull Jap Soc Fish Oceanogr Special number (Prof. Uda's Commemorative Papers): 207-212
  13. Cushing DH. 1975. Marine ecology and fisheries. London, Cambridge University Press
  14. Dawe EG. 1981. Development of the Newfoundland squid (Illex illecebrosus) fishery and management of the resources. J Shellfish Res 1: 137-142
  15. Doi T, Kawakami T. 1979. Biomass of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup and the management of its fishery. Bull Tokai Reg Fish Res Lab 99: 65-83 (in Japanese)
  16. East Sea Fish. Res. Inst., NFRDI. 2003. Reports of Oceanographic and Fishing Conditions for 1993-2003 (in Korean)
  17. Gong Y. 1970. A study on the south Korean coastal front. In: The Kuroshio II (Sugawara K, ed). Proc. of the 2nd CSK Symposium, Tokyo, pp 79-94
  18. Gong Y, Lie H-J. 1984. Distribution of thermal fronts in the South-East Sea of Korea (Southern Japan Sea). Ministry of Science and Tecnology, Korea. BSPE 00055-86-7B, p 15. (in Korean)
  19. Gong Y, Oh MY. 1977. Oceanographic environments and fisheries resources off the east coast of Korea. Natl Fed Fish Coop (in Korean)
  20. Gong Y, Son SJ. 1982. A Study of oceanic thermal fronts in the southwestern Japan Sea. Bull Fish Res Dev Agency 28: 25-54 (in Korean)
  21. Gong Y, Suh YS. 2004. Effect of environmental conditions on the stock structure and abundance of the Pacific saury, Cololabis saira in the Tsushima Warm Current region. J Environ Sci 13: 449-467 https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2004.13.5.449
  22. Hamabe M, Kawakami T. 1972. Some problems on the exploitation of squid in the waters off New Zealand. Suisan Sekai 1972/ 10: 46-59(in Japanses)
  23. Hamabe M, Shimizu T. 1966. Ecological studies on the common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, mainly in the southwestern waters of the Japan Sea. Bull Jap Sea Reg Fish Res Lab 16: 13-55 (in Japanese)
  24. Hanawa K. 1995. Southward penetration of the Oyashio water system and the wintertime condition of midlatitude westerlies over the North Pacific. Bull Hokkaido Natl Fish Res Inst 59: 103-120
  25. Harden JFR. 1980. The nekton: production and migration patterns. In: Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecosystems (Barnes RSK, Man KH, eds). Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 119-142
  26. Hare SH, Mantua NJ. 2000. Empirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989 Progr Oceanogr 47: 103-145 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6611(00)00033-1
  27. Hasekawa S. 1993. Fishing conditions and population status of common squid in the Japan Sea for 1992. Suisan Sekai 1993/5: 41- 45 (in Japanese)
  28. Hatanaka H, Kawahara S, Uozumi Y, Kasahara S. 1985. Comparison of life cycles of five Omastrephid squids fished by Japan: Todarodes pacificus, Illex illecebrosus, Illex argentinas, Notododarus sloani sloani and Notododarus sloani gouldi. NAFO Scient Coun Stud 9: 59-68
  29. Hirano T. 1985. Kuroshio Exploitation and Utilization Research, Summary Report for 1972-1982. Japan Marine Science and Technology Center
  30. Huh OK. 1982. Satellite observations and the annual cycle of surface circulation in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and Korea Strait. La mer 20: 210-222
  31. Isoda Y, Tanaka K. 1999. Interannual variation of bifurcation of the Tsushima Warm Current around the Tsushima/Korea Strait. Umi to Sora 75: 71-79 (in Japanses)
  32. Ito S. 1972. Studies on mechanisms underlying the fluctuations in the catch, with reference to promotion of forecasting of fishing conditions of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup. Technical Conference, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Res Rep, 57 (in Japanese)
  33. Kang YS, Kim JY, Kim HG, Park JH. 2002. Long-term changes in zooplankton and its relationship with squid, Todarodes pacificus, catch in Japan/East Sea. Fish Oceanogr 11: 337-346 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2419.2002.00211.x
  34. Kang YJ, Kim YH, Hong YK, Park JY, Park KY. 1996. A population genetic analysis of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the Korean waters. J Korean Fish Soc 29: 320-331 (in Korean)
  35. Kang YS, Lee YW. 2002. Effect of global warming on the ecosystem around Korea. Proceedings of the Symposium of the Korea Society of Oceanography 9-11 May 2002, Kwangju, Korea (in Korean)
  36. Kasahara S. 1972. Biological aspects of comon squid in the offshore regions of the Japan Sea. Bull Jap Soc Fis Oceanogr 21: 48-57 (in Japanese)
  37. Kasahara S. 1977. Fishing conditions of Todarodes pacificus in the Japan Sea and Yellow Sea for 1976. Suisan Sekai 26: 54-61 (in Japanese)
  38. Kasahara S. 1978. Descriptions of offshore squid angling in the Sea of Japan, with special reference to the distribution of common squid (Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup) and on the techniques for forecasting fishing conditions. Bull Japan Sea Reg Fish Res Lab 29: 179-199
  39. Kasahara S. 1982. Population structure of Japanese common squid in the Tsushima Warm Current. Reports of the 1981 Annual Meeting of Squid Resources and Fishing and Ocranographical conditions. Hokkaido Reg Fish Res Lab, Kushiro, pp 7-11 (in Japanese)
  40. Kasahara S. 1983. Fishing conditions and stock status of Todarodes pacificus in the Japan Sea. Suiasn Sekai 32: 48-53 (in Japanese)
  41. Kasahara S. 1984. Fishing conditions and perspective for stock status of common squid in the Japan Sea for 1983. Suisan Sekai 33: 48-54 (in Japanese)
  42. Kasahara S. 1987. Fishing conditions and stock status of common squid in the Japan Sea for 1986. Suisan Sekai 36: 42-48 (in Japanese)
  43. Kasahara S. 1991. Squids. In: Seizandoshoten (Nasu K, Okutani T, Ogura M, eds). Tokyo, pp 143-158 (in Japanese)
  44. Kasahara S, Ito S. 1968. Studies on the migration of common squids in the Japan Sea, II. Migrations and some biological spects of common squids having occurred in the offshore regions of the Japan Sea during the autumn season of 1966 and 1967. Bull Jap Sea Reg Fish Res Lab 20: 49-69 (in Japanese)
  45. Kasahara S, Ito S. 1977. Distribution, migration and features of shoals of Japanese common squid in offshore waters of the Sea of Japan. Joint Survey Reports of Japanese common squid in the Sea of Japan, Japan Sea Reg Fish Res Lab, Niigata pp 179-203 (in Japanese)
  46. Kawai H. 1955. On the polar frontal zone and its fluctuation in the waters to the northeast of Japan(1). Bull Tohoku Reg Fish Res Lab 4: 1-46 (in Japanese)
  47. Kawasaki T. 1973. Periodicity in the fluctuation of the fisheries resources. Mar Sci Kaiyo Shuppan Co 5: 50-54 (in Japanese)
  48. Katoh O. 1994. Structure of the Tsushima Current in the southwestern Japan Sea. J Oceanogr 50: 317-338 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02239520
  49. Kidokoro H, Hiyama Y. 1996. Spatial variation in growth of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the Sea of Japan. Bull Japan Sea Natl Fish Res Inst 46: 77-86 (in Japanese)
  50. Kidokoro H, Koto T, Kasahara S. 2000. Relationship between changes in the spawning area and fluctuations in biomass of the Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) in the Sea of Japan. Extended Abstract, 9th PICES Symposium, Hakodate
  51. Kidokoro H, Uji R. 1999. Estimation on the age of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus canibalized by their own species. Bull Japan Sea Natl Fish Res Inst 49: 123-127 (in Japanese)
  52. Kidokoro H, Kinoshita T, Goto T. 2005. http://abchan. job. affrc.go.jp/ digests 15/html/ 1518html
  53. Kim SW, Isoda Y. 1998. Interannual variations of the surface mixed layer in the Tsushima Current region. Umi to Sora 74: 11-22 (in Japanese)
  54. Kim BK, Lee CK. 1981. A characteristic of oceanographic condition and catch of the squid (Todarodes pacificus). Bull Fish Res Dev Ag 27: 41-57 (in Korean)
  55. Kim BA, Jo YJ, Kim JP, Lim KB, Kim BK, Hong SH. 1984. Oceanographic conditions and fishing grounds of common squid, Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup) in the Yellow Sea off Korea. Bull Fish Res Dev Agency 33: 21-33 (in Korean)
  56. Kim SW, Saitoh S, Ishizaki J, Isoda Y, Kishino M. 2000. Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Japan Sea derived from CZCS images. J Oceanogr 56: 527- 538 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011148910779
  57. Kiyofuji H, Yoneta K, Hokimoto T, Saitoh S. 2001. Dynamics of Japanese common squid fishing fleets derived from nightime visible satellite data and its nonstationary prediction. Bull Fish Sci Hokkaido Univ 52: 139-144 (in Japanese)
  58. Kondo M. 1985. Oceanographic investigations of fishing grounds in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, I. Characteristics of the mean temperature and salinity distribution measured at the 50m and near the bottom. Bull Seikai Reg Fish Res Lab 62: 19-66 (in Japanese)
  59. Korea Fisheries Association. 2004. Korean Fisheries Yearbook for 2004
  60. Kubota S, Kawabata A. 1996. Mantle length composition of Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, and fluctuations of the migrant stock size around the north Sanriku coast of Honshu, Japan. Bull Tohoku Natl Fish Res Inst 58: 119-135 (in Japanese)
  61. Lim JY. 1967. Ecological studies on common squid, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus Steenstrup in the eastern waters of Korea. Rep Fish Res, Natl Fish Res Dev Ag 7: 41-49 (in Korean)
  62. Mantua NJ, Hare SR, Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Francis RC. 1997. A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull Am Metero Soc 78: 1069-1079 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2
  63. Matsui I, Kawasaki T. 1971. Population structure of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, distributed in the waters off Joban district. Bull Tokai Reg Fish Res Lab 64: 57-69 (in Japanese)
  64. Minami HS, Kawabe S, Nagai N, Jifuku J. 1999. Long-term variability of oceanic conditions along the PM line in the Japan Sea. Sokko Jiho 66: 63-80 (in Japanese)
  65. Minobe S. 1997. A 50-70 year climatic oscillation over the North Pacific and North America. Geophys Res Lett 24: 683-686 https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL00504
  66. Minobe S. 1999. Resonance in bidecadal and pentadecadal climate oscillations over the North Pacific: Role in climatic regime shifts. Geophys Res Lett 26: 855-858 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900119
  67. Misuno K, White WB. 1983. Annual and interannual variability in the Kuroshio Current System. J Phys Oceanogr 13: 1847-1867 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013<1847:AAIVIT>2.0.CO;2
  68. Mokrin NM, Katugin ON. 2000. Stock dynamics, ecology and population structure of the Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus in the Japan Sea. Extended Abstract, Science Board Symposium, 9th PICES annual meeting, Hakodate, Japan
  69. Mori K, Nagasawa T. 2005. http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/
  70. Mori K, Nakamura Y. 2001. Migration patterns of the Pacific subpopulation of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus estimated from tagging experiments. Bull Hokkaido Natl Fish Res Inst 65: 21-37 (in Japanese)
  71. Moriyasu S. 1972. The Tsushima Current. In: The Kuroshio, its physical aspects (Stommel H, Yoshida K, eds). Univ of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, pp 353-369
  72. Murata M. 1983. Quantitative assessment of oceanic squid by means of jigging surveys. Biological Oceanogr 2: 433-456
  73. Murata M. 1991. Squids. In Seizandoshoten (Nasu K, Okutani T, Ogura M. eds). Tokyo, pp 120-143 (in Japanese)
  74. Murata M, Araya K. 1977. Stock status and problem on the winterspawned winterspawned group of Todarodes pacificus. Symposium report on the squid fishing and oceanographic conditions. Japan Sea Reg Fish Lab 1: 14 (in Japanese)
  75. Murata M, Ishii M, Ohsako M. 1981. Fishing conditions of common squid and neon flying squid in the Pacific for 1980. Suisan Sekai 30: 78-88
  76. Murata M, Onoda Y, Tashiro M, Yamagishi Y. 1971. Ecological studies on the squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the northern waters of the Japan in 1970. Bull Hokkaido Reg Fish Res Lab 37: 10-31 (in Japanese)
  77. Murata M, Onoda Y, Tashiro M, Yamagishi Y, Suzuuchi T. 1973. Ecological studies on the squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the northern waters of the Japan in 1971. Bull Hokkaido Reg Fish Res Lab 39: 1-25 (in Japanese)
  78. Murayama T, Hiyama Y, Kasahara S. 1993. Why is autumn the main spawning season of the common squid in the Japan Sea? Bull Japan Sea Natl Fish Res Inst 43: 93-103
  79. Naganuma K. 1967. Consideration on the formation of fishing grounds for pink salmon, saury and squid in the offshore frontal zones of the Japan Sea. Bull Jap Sea Reg Fish Res Lab 18: 93-107 (in Japanese)
  80. Nagasawa K, Takayanagi S, Takami T. 1993. Cephalopod tagging and marking in Japan: A Review. In: Recent Advance in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology (Okutani T, O'Dor RK, Kubodera T, eds). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 313-329
  81. Nakamura T, Hinata T. 1999. Seasonal and interannual variability of the Kuroshio south of Japan. Sokko Jiho 66: 33-41 (in Japanese)
  82. Nakamura Y, Saitoh S, Mori K. 1993. Fishing conditions and population status of common squid in the Pacific for 1992. Suisan Sekai 1993/5: 56-59 (in Japanese)
  83. Nakata J. 1984. Southward migration of the squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, from the southeastern waters of Hokkaido. Sci Rep Hokkaido Fish Exp Stn 26, pp 1-9 (in Japanese)
  84. Nakata J. 1990. Population studies of the Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup), in Japan-the present status and perspectives. Bull Jap Soc Fish Oceanogr 54: 412-413 (in Japanese)
  85. Nakata J. 1993. Long-term changes in catch and biological features of Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) in waters off the east coast of the Hokkaido. In: Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology (Okutani T, O'Dor RK, Kubodera T, eds). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 343-350
  86. National Fisheries Research and Development Institution (NFRDI). 1964-2003. Reports of the Oceanographic Observations in the waters around Korea for the years 1961-2002
  87. Nishimura S. 1969. The zoogeographical aspects of the Japan Sea, Part v, Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab 17: 67-142 https://doi.org/10.5134/175589
  88. Odate K. 1994. Zooplankton biomass and its long-term variation in the western North Pacific Ocean, Tohoku area, Japan. Bull Tohoku Natl Fish Res Inst 56: 115-173 (in Japanese)
  89. O'Dor RK. 1988. Energetic limits on squid distribution. Malacologia 29: 113-119
  90. O'Dor RK. 1992. Big squid in big currents. South Afr J Mar Sci 12: 225-235 https://doi.org/10.2989/02577619209504705
  91. O'Dor RK. 1998. Squid life-history strategies. In: Squid Recruitment Dynamic: Influences on Variability within the Genus Illex (Rodhouse P, Dawe EG, O'Dor RK, eds). FAO Fish Tech Pap 376: 233-254
  92. O'Dor RK, Coelho ML. 1993. Big squid, big currents and big fisheries. In: Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology (Okutani T, O'dor RK, Kubodera T, eds). Tokyo University Press, Tokyo, pp 385-396
  93. O'Dor RK, Perez JAA. 2000. Can we distinguish between climate effects on egg-versus food-limited recruitment? Extended Abstract, Science Board Symposium, 9th PICES annual meeting, Hakodate, Japan
  94. O'Dor RK, Wells MJ. 1987. Energy and nutrient flow in cephalopods. In: Cephalopod Life Cycles, Vol. 2 (Boyle P, ed). Academic Press, London, pp 109-133
  95. Ogawa Y. 1989. Variations in latitude at the southern limit of the first Oyashio Intrusion. Bull Tohoku Reg Fish Res Lab 51: 1-9 (in Japanese)
  96. Ogawa Y, Hirai M, Yasuda I. 1987. Fluctuations of the first Oyashio Intrusion and it's influences on coastal fishery-resources. Bull Tohoku Reg Fish Res Lab 49: 1-15 (in Japanese)
  97. Ogawa Y, Sasaki T. 1988. Catch-fluctuation patterns of Todarodes pacificus(Steenstrup) in northern Japanese coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean. Bull Tohoku Reg Fish Res Lab 50: 1-24 (in Japanese)
  98. Okiyama M. 1965. On the feeding habitat of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the offshore region of the Japan Sea. Bull Japan Sea Reg Fish Res Lab 14: 31-41 (in Japanese)
  99. Okutani T, Watanabe T. 1983. Stock assessment by larval surveys of the winter population of Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Ommastrophidae) with a review of early works. Biol Oceanogr 2: 401-431
  100. Okutani T. 1977. Stock assessment of cephalopod resources fished by Japan. FAO Fish Tech Pap, p 173
  101. Osako M, Murata M. 1983. Stock assessment of cephalopod resources in the Northwestern Pacific. In: Advances in Assessment of World Cephalopod Resources (Caddy JF, ed). FAO Fish Tech Pap 231: 55-144
  102. Park JH, Choi KO, Lee JH. 1998. The relationship between coastal cold water and catch conditions of common squid (Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup) in the East Sea of Korea in summer. Bull Korean Soc Fish Tech 34: 105-116 (in Korean)
  103. Park JH, Hwang KS, Kang YS. 2000. Variation of fishing condition and the winter warming in Korean waters. J Korean Soc Fish Res 3: 77-87 (in Korean)
  104. Richard A. 1966. Action de la temparature sur lévolution genitale de Sepia offcinalis L.C.R. Acad Sci Paris, Serie D. 263: 1998-2001
  105. Sakurai Y, Kiyofuji H, Saitoh S, Goto T, Hiyama Y. 2000. Changes in inferred spawning areas of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopoda : Ommastrephidae) due to changing environmental conditions. ICES J Mar Sci 57: 24-30 https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.2000.0667
  106. Sakurai Y, Bower JR, Ikeda Y. 2003. Reproductive characteristics of the Omastrephid squid Todarodes pacificus. Fisken of havet 12. In: Reports of the Working Group on Modern Approaches to assess maturing and fecundity of warm-and cold-water fish and squid (Kjeshu OS, Hunter JR, Witthames PR, eds). 4-7 Sep. 2001, Bergen, Norway, pp 105-115
  107. Shingu C, Murata M, Ishii M. 1983. Changes in catch of common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the Pacific coasts of Japan. Bull Hokkaido Reg Fish Res Lab 48: 21-36 (in Japanese)
  108. Shimizu T, Hamabe M. 1975. A note on biology of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the Yellow Sea viewed from the rate of copulation and the condition of maturity. Bull Tokai Reg Fish Res Lab 82: 1-23 (in Japanese)
  109. Soeda J. 1950. Migration of the squid: Surumeika, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus (Steenstrup) in the coastal waters of Japan. Sci Pap Hokkaido Fish Sci Inst 4: 1-30 (in Japanese)
  110. Sorokin YI. 1974. Vertical structure and production of a microplankton community in the Sea of Japan in summer. Oceanology 14: 266-271
  111. Suzuki T. 1963. Studies on the relationship between current boundary zones in waters to the southeast of Hokkaido and migration of the squid, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus (Steenstrup). Mem Fac Fish Hokkaido Univ 11: 75-153
  112. Suzuki H, Hamabe M. 1976. Ecological studies on common squid, Tudarodes pacificus Steenstrup in the offshore area in the Sea of Japan-1. The condition of the squid shoals moving across the Tsushima Warm Current front viewed from distribution and structure of the north-gojing shoals. Bull Tokai Reg Fish Res Lab 86: 71-80 (in Japanese)
  113. Takayanagi S. 1993. Changes in growth and maturity of Japanese common squid (Tudarodes pacificus) related to differences in stock size in the Tsugaru Strait, northern Japan. In: Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology (Okutani T, O'Dor RK, Kubodera T, eds). Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 545-553
  114. Tameishi H. 1991. Squids. In: Seizandoshoten, Tokyo (Nasu K, Okutani T, Ogura M, eds). pp 82-119 (in Japanese)
  115. Tomosada A, Odate K. 1995. Long-term variability in zooplankton biomass and environment. Umi to Sora 71: 1-7 (in Japanese)
  116. Trenberth KE, Hurrell JW. 1994. Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Clim Dyn 9: 303-319 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00204745
  117. Uda M. 1934. The results of simultaneous oceanographical investigations in the Japan Sea and its adjacent waters in May and June 1932. J Imp Fish Exp Sta 5: 57-190 (in Japanese)
  118. Uda M. 1958. Fluctuations in oceanic onditions and fishing conditions in the Japan Sea. In: Report of the Exploitation Survey of the Tsushima Warm Current, PartI. Fishing Conditions and Hydrography, Fisheries Agency of Japan, pp 501-535 (in Japanese)
  119. Yamata K, Ishizaka J, Yoo S, Kim H, Chiba S. 2004. Seasonal and inter annual variability of sea surface chlorophyll a concentration in the Japan/East Sea (JES). Progress in Oceanography 61: 193-211
  120. Yoshikawa Y, Awaji T, Akitomo K. 1999. Formation and circulation processes of intermediate water in the Japan Sea. J Phys Oceanogr 29: 1701-1722 https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<1701:FACPOI>2.0.CO;2
  121. Yasunaka S, Hanawa K. 2002. Regime shifts found in the Northern Hemisphere SST field. J Meteor Soc Japan 80: 119-135 https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.80.119
  122. Yoon JH. 1997. Trend of Oceanography in the Japan Sea. Bull Jap Soc Fish Oceanogr 61: 300-303 (in Japanese)
  123. Zhang CI, Gong Y. 2005. Effect of ocean climate changes on the Korean stock of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira (Brevoort). J Oceanogr 61: 313-325 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-005-0042-2

Cited by

  1. Climate change and fluctuations of pelagic fish populations in the Far East region vol.35, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5141/JEFB.2012.003