• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.224-236
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The principal objective of this study was to assess the relationships of depression, fatigue, BMI, and health locus of control between urban and rural female middle school students. Methods: The study subjects included 377 girls in randomly-sampled middle schools in urban and rural provinces. The data were collected via self-recorded questionnaires from April 21.- to May 2. 2008, and analyzed using the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Results; 1) The mean score of depression was $10.22{\pm}5.72$ (urban), $10.81{\pm}4.92$ (rural). 2) The mean fatigue score was $50.43{\pm}1.57$ (urban), $51.90{\pm}9.70$ (rural). 3) BMI was classified into 3 groups: leptosomic, normal weight, and obesity groups. The mean BMI score was $18.73{\pm}2.05$ (Seoul), and $20.31{\pm}3.26$ (provincial). 4) The internal locus of control was higher than the external locus of control (urban). 5) Fatigue was correlated with depression (r=.512, p=.000) in both areas. The health locus of control was correlated with Fatigue (r=.153, p=.042) in province. Conclusion: An effective program to reduce the levels of fatigue and depression for middle school girls and to maintain normal weight is required. In particular, the high-risk depression group can be managed through community mental health care center deep interviews, and close observation.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Class on self-efficiency and fear of mathematics in middle school. For this study, the students involved in Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes in middle school took a pre-test and an post-test. According to the results, First, the students showed increased self-efficacy in mathematics after the Special Supplementary Mathematics Class. Second, the students showed a decreased fear of mathematics after the Special Supplementary Mathematics Class. Third, there were no significant differences between boys and girls in the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes on self-efficacy and fear of mathematics. Fourth, there were significant differences between Grade 2 and Grade 3, and between Grade 1 and Grade 2 in the effect of Special Supplementary Mathematics Classes on self-efficacy in Mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.37-58
• /
• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to examine the direct or indirect effects of psychological family environment self-control, and friends characteristics of middle school students on their problem behaviors. Data were corrected from 520 senior students of middle school (266 boys and 254 girls) who reside in Inchon. The level of problem behaviors was directly influenced positively by closeness with friends and negatively by self-control and open communication with mothers. And the level of problem behaviors was indirectly influenced positively by intrafamily conflicts and negatively by self-control, parental monitoring and open communication with parents. Self-control was the most powerful predicator of problem behaviors of middle school students. Self-control was directly influenced positively by open communication with fathers and negatively by intrafamily conflicts. Closeness with friends was directly influenced positively by parental monitoring and negatively by self-control and open communication with mothers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2010

Objective: To investigate the situation of health-related main factors of Korean middle school adolescents. Methods: Data were collected via a self-reporting questionnaire from 2,254 students (650 boys and 1,604 girls), and their sleeping, exercise, dietary pattern, stress, physical problems, and taking of food supplements were analyzed. Results: Korean middle school students sleep about 7 hours per day, and they exercise less than 4 hours per week. Around 13% of the students skip breakfast nearly every day. 35% of the students were under severe stress, and 38% have reported at least one symptom of physical distresses including gastrointestinal disorders or headaches. 31% of the students took a functional supplement, especially one with vitamins as the most favored one, and ginseng and herbal drugs coming second and third. Conclusion: This result first reports a general feature of health-associated factors in middle school students. This study in the future will be basic information to develop medical supports for adolescents using traditional Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.317-327
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to compare families of boys or of girls for actor and partner effect of stress, depression and parent-adolescent communication as perceived by mother, father and adolescent on adolescents' suicidal ideation. Methods: Participants were 183 families (104 boys' families, 79 girls' families) who met eligibility criteria. All measures were self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. Results: In boys' families, boys' depression and communication with father showed actor effect on boys' suicidal ideation. Boys' stress showed indirect effect on boys' suicidal ideation through communication with father and boys' depression. Mothers' depression showed indirect partner effect on boys' suicidal ideation through boys' depression. In families of girls, girls' depression and stress showed actor effects on girls' suicidal ideation. Girls' communication with mother showed indirect effects through girls' depression. Also girls' stress showed indirect effect through girls' depression. Stress in mothers and/or fathers showed partner effect on girls' suicidal ideation. Conclusion: To intervene in adolescents' suicidal ideation and promote adolescents' mental health, programs should be developed differently according to gender and based on parent's psychological states.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.549-557
• /
• 2012

In this study, the FFQ-50 questionnaire which composed of 50 food items frequently eaten as sources of dietary fiber, was developed and used to estimate the dietary fiber intake of middle school students in the Chungbuk province. According to the survey, the average daily intakes of dietary fiber for the boys and girls were $23.3{\pm}12.3$ g (93.2%) and $20.8{\pm}11.5$ g (104.0%), respectively, showing a significant difference between the gender. The proportions of boys and girls who did not reach to the sufficient dietary fiber intake were 66.2% and 53.9% respectively. The major sources of dietary fiber were grain foods and vegetables, which measured at 77.24%, followed by fruits, seaweeds, tofu and tofu products, potato and starch, and mushrooms. The cooked white rice contributed the highest (17.81%), followed by baechu-kimchi, cooked brown rice, ramyeon (instant noodle), tangerine, sesame leaf jangajji (pickled sesame leaf), topokki (spicy rice cake stir-fry), blanched and seasoned bean sprouts, bread, and radish kimchi. The study showed that the cooked white rice was the major source of dietary fiber in the boys' diet followed by baechu-kimchi, ramyeon, cooked brown rice, tangerine, bread, strawberry, blanched and seasoned bean sprouts, sesame leaf jangajji, radish kimchi. Girls were taking in dietary fiber mostly from boiled white rice followed by baechu-kimchi, boiled brown rice, tangerine, ramyeon, sesame leaf jangajji, topokki, blanched and seasoned bean sprouts, radish kimchi, and boiled barley.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.11
• /
• pp.1397-1407
• /
• 2017

The aim of a school attendance policy (SAP) is to ensure breakfast time for school-aged adolescents. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of SAP on dietary behavior, particularly breakfast consumption, among adolescent middle school students (n=426) in the Ansan area of Gyeonggi-do. After implementation of the SAP, the response rates for eating breakfast every-day among boys (P>0.05) and girls (P<0.05) slightly increased by 44.6% and 35.8%, respectively, compared to before the SAP. Further, the degree of satisfaction with breakfast increased among both boys ('satisfied' and 'strongly satisfied'; 32.4% and 21.6%, respectively) (P<0.01) and girls ('satisfied' and 'strongly satisfied'; 32.8% and 14.2%, respectively) (P<0.001) compared to before the SAP. Moreover, boys (56.8%) and girls (53.9%) were aware that the SAP increased breakfast-eating frequency. Increases in deep sleep as a result of the SAP were high in both boys (39.2%) and girls (47.1%), and sleeping hours among boys (P<0.05) and girls (P<0.01) increased compared to before the SAP. The respondents were aware of the positive effects on physical function such as reduction of physical fatigue (boys 40.1%, girls 38.2%) and improvement of physical health (boys 36.5%, girls 32.8%). Thus, systematic and sustained political support at the national level is required to encourage healthy breakfast eating and physical activity in middle school students.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition of body shape, the difference between self-evaluated obesity and obesity index of RBW, and attitude toward weight control of middle students. The questionnaires were completed by 195 male and 189 female students of liveing in Yongwol county. The average stature of the boys is 166.97$\pm$6.21cm, the girls is 158.13$\pm$5.83cm, and the average weight of the boys is 57.97$\pm$12.39kg, the girls is 52.88$\pm$8.35kg. 2. In the present body structure of them, the underweight structure is 6.0%, the normal weight structure is 87.2%, and the overweight structure is 6.7%. In the recognition of their own body structures, there are meaningful differences between boys and girls. 3. In the contentment degree of the present body structure of their own, the underweiht structure is much more satisfied with it.(p〈0.001) It shows a meaningful difference between boys and girls. 25.6% boys are satisfied with their own body structures, and 7.4% girls are satisfied with it.(p〈0.001) 4. In the interest degree about the weight's control, 87.1% is interested in it, it is lower in the underweight structure. 88.0% girls and 77.4% boys are interested in the weight's control. There is a meaningful difference between boys and girls, too.(p〈0.001) Each of the weight groups has differences in a experienced or experiencing for the weight's control. 5. The recognition degree of the present body structure showed the meaningful positive relation to the contentment degree of the present body structure and the weight's control.(p〈0.001)

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.461-479
• /
• 2017

This study was to investigate the appearance orientation and body shape management of adolescents in Daejeon. A survey was performed from December 16th~28th 2015 and 355 respondents were collected for analysis. 45.9% of the subjects were middle school students, whereas 54.1% of them were high school ones. The female and high school students tended to show higher ratings in lookism tendency and interests in beauty care, whereas male and middle school students tended to show higher ratings in physical satisfaction than the others. More than 40% of the respondents perceived them fatter than the standard weight, in particular, girls and the ones with opposite-sex friend perceived them fatter than their actual conditions. On body shape satisfaction, female and high school students indicated lower satisfaction. For body shape management, 75% of the female and 40% of the male students had tried weight control. The frequency and the duration time of exercise had higher for boys than girls, and the ones with opposite-sex friend than without. For methods of weight control, girls were more likely to do diet control, whereas boys were more committed to exercise. In general, students with high appearance orientation tended to control taking snacks and fast food or did diet control for body shape management. Conclusively, continued interest and guidance, not only at home but also in school, is required for students so that they can do proper body shape management to fulfill their appearance orientation and they will improve academic performance by gaining confidence through their appearance satisfaction.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1644-1650
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week walking exercise on body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, blood lipids, GH, IGF-1and leptin in obese and normal middle school girls. Participants included 12 pairs of middle school girls who were matched for sex, age and stratified by BMI (Obese Group: BMI$\geq$25.0; Normal Group: BMI<23.0). The variables of all factors were measured in all the subjects before and after the 12-week walking exercise program. The test data were analyzed by paired t-test, and t-test using the SPSS 14.0 statistics package and the alpha level of p<0.05 was set for all tests of significance. Body composition showed a significant difference in both groups, but the variables of physical fitness, cardiovascular function, blood lipids, growth hormone, and leptin did not show a significant difference in the two groups. We conclude that regular and continuous walking exercise improved body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, blood lipids, and insulin factors in both groups. Consequently, these findings suggest that walking exercise will be effective for preventing obesity and improving health-related factors in the middle school girls.