• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2022

Objectives: Sweet bee venom (sBV) is purified from Apis mellifera, containing a high level of melittin-its main component. It has been used as a therapeutic agent for pain relief and anti-inflammation, as well as for treating neuronal abnormalities. Recently, there have been studies on the therapeutic application of sBV for anticancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of sBV treatment in A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods: We used microscopic analysis to observe the morphological changes in A549 cells after sBV treatment. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect after dose-dependent sBV treatment. Molecular changes in sBV were evaluated by the expression of apoptosis marker proteins using western blot analysis. Results: Microscopic analysis suggested that the growth inhibitory effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner; however, cell lysis occurred at a concentration over 20 ㎍/mL of sBV. The MTT assay indicated that sBV treatment exhibited a growth inhibitory effect at a concentration over 5 ㎍/mL. On fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis, G0 dead cells were observed after G1 arrest at treatment concentrations up to 10 ㎍/mL. However, rapid cell rupture was observed at a concentration of 20 ㎍/mL. Western blot analysis demonstrated that sBV treatment modulated the expression of multiple cell death-related proteins, including cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 9, p53, Bcl2, and Bax. Conclusion: sBV induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells at a pharmacological concentration, albeit causing hemolytic cell death at a high concentration.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2004

Phenylacetic acid (PAA) was evaluated for in vitro anti-oomycete activity and in vivo control efficacy against Phytophthora capsici. Microscopic observation revealed that the high level of anti-oomycete activity of PAA (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) against P. capsici is mainly due to the lytic effect on zoospores. Zoospore lysis began in the presence of 5 u$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of PAA and most of the zoospores were collapsed at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. PAA showed inhibitory activity against the zoospore germination and hyphal growth of P. capsici at the concentration of 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. In the glasshouse, the protective effect of PAA against Phytophthora blight was high on pepper plants when treated just before inoculation with P. capsici. In the artificially infested field, protection of pepper plants against the Phyto-phthora epidemic was achieved at a considerable level by PAA treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.196-203
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate usefulness of the pine needles extract on Atopic Dermatitis(AD)-like skin lesions. To investigate the effect of pine needles extract in vivo, atopic dermatitis (NC/Nga) mice using DNCB (2.4-Dinitrochlorbenzene) was used. NC/Nga mice were challenged with DNCB during 2 weeks to develope AD-like skin lesion. After that, pine needles extract was applied to AD-like skin lesion on the backs of the NC/Nga mice during 3 weeks. The efficacy of pine needles extract in the NC/Nga mice was evaluated by measurement of the skin lesion severity(NC mouse score), the serum IgE level, epidermal thickness changes, and mast cell number. Blood was collected from the retro-orbital area and the level of IgE in the blood was measured. The epidermal thickness and mast cell number were observed by microscopic method after H&E stain. The serum IgE levels were decreased after treatment with pine needles extract. The epidermal thickness and mast cell number were decreased after treatment with pine needles extract. To conclude, the topical application of pine needles extract suppressed the progression of AD-like skin lesion.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2017

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a recently defined pathological entity characterized by C3 accumulation with absent or scant immunoglobulin deposition, leading to variable glomerular inflammation. The clinical presentation of patients with C3G is highly variable, as they may present with symptoms ranging from microscopic or mild proteinuria to full-blown nephrotic syndrome, with or without renal impairment. However, there is no consensus recommendation for specific treatment in children with C3G. Recently, new therapies have been suggested to target complement pathways, owing to an improvement in the understanding of the pathogenesis of C3G. C3G complement blockade with eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted against complement C5, inhibits activation of the alternative complement pathway. We could not use eculizumab owing to its high price; thus, we administered oral prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). MMF was replaced with cyclosporine because proteinuria persisted, with a consistently low serum C3 level; we tapered off the prednisolone because of a Cushingoid appearance and amenorrhea. Thereafter, proteinuria improved, and the serum C3 level returned to normal. Thus, we report the effectiveness of cyclosporine in a patient with C3G and an inadequate response to prednisolone and MMF, who was detected via school urinary screening.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2006

The dispersion of organoclay in ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) matrix was correlated with the rheological and swelling properties of nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis exhibited the disordered-intercalated structure of EPDM/organoclay nanocomposite. The extent of the disordered phase increased with increasing organoclay content up to a limiting value of 3 wt% after which equilibrium tended towards intercalation. The dispersion effect of organoclay in EPDM matrix was clarified by the physicochemical properties like rheological response and swelling thermodynamics in toluene. The increase in viscoelastic properties of EPDM nanocomposite with increasing organoclay content up to 3 wt%, followed by a subsequent decrease up to 4 wt%, was correlated in terms of the disordered and ordered states of the dispersed nano-clay sheets. Swelling measurements revealed that the change in entropy of the swelling increased with the increase in disorder level but decreased with the increase in intercalation level of organoclay in the disordered-intercalated nanocomposite. The increase in solvent uptake was comparable with the free volume in EPDM matrix upon inclusion of silicate particles, whereas the inhibition in solvent uptake for higher organoclay loading was described by bridging flocculation.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2007

In order to calculate the relation between the hydrogen and the hydrogen absorption metals in the atomic level, Embedded Atom Method(EAM) is recommended. In this study, we had constructed the EAM programs from constitutive formulas and parameters of the hydrogen and palladium for the purpose of predicting the expansion behavior on hydrogen absorbing in the geometric shape of hydrogen absorption metals, as palladium bars and plates. And the EAM analyses data were compared with the experiment data by using electrochemical method. As results, it is note that the expansion rate in thickness of the palladium plate model by EAM analyses is about 4 times larger than width and length, be similar to experiment results. Also, in the microscopic and macroscopic level the expansion behavior through EAM analyses show good agreement with experiment data.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of in vitro cytotosic actions of polyacetylenes which are panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. DNA synthesis of L1210 cells was significantly inhibited with dose dependent pattern when L1210 cells were treated for 1 hour with over 5 .mu.g/ml of polyacetylenes. Panaxydol which had the most potent cytotoxicity among three polyacetylenes showed also the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels of L1210 cells treated with 2.5 $\mu$g/ml of panaxydol or panaxytriol were significantly elevated on the incubation duration. The elevation of cyclic AMP levels by panaxytriol was higher than that by panaxydol, but no significant increase in cyclic AMP by panaxynol was observed. All three polyacetylenes had no effect on glycolysis of L1210 cells. Electron microscopic observations revealed that polyacetylenes caused damage to plasma membranes of L1210 cells in proportion to their cytotoxicities at each $ED_{50}$ value (panaxydol > panaxynol> panaxytriol). These results suggest that cytotoxicities of polyacetylenes against L1210 cells might be mediated by elevated cyclic AMP level, even though the relationship among their cytotoxicities, inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis and ability to elevation of cyclic AMP level are not fully agreed, and might be also related to membrane damage.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1325-1329
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• 2003

The preventive effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts (SMEs) on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was studied in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX or SMEs-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, a porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMEs-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats decreased by 50% from those in sham rats, these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMEs for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMEs for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free T3 was normal in all cases, whereas free T4 was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMEs-administered rats in T3 level, we have found significant difference between them in T4 level. These results strongly suggest that SMEs are effective in preventing the development of bone loss induced by OVX in rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.825-830
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• 1990

Esophageal cancer is relatively uncommon except in isolated endemic areas, but it generally devastating to the patient. Usually, by the time the disease becomes clinically evident, it is incurable. The aim of treatment is then relegated to attempting to palliate the symptoms in the best possible manner with the least morbidity and mortality. Squamous cell carcinoma in by far the commonest type of malignancy involving the body of the esophagus, accounting for more than 95 percent of all esophageal malignancies. Because the tumor’s microscopic spread is much greater than its macroscopic extent, it is necessary to resect a sufficiently long segment of the esophagus. And second tumors may occur either in the esophagus as a manifestation of a field change or in other organs. Recently we had experienced a case with in situ carcinoma away from the invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. A 58 year-old male was admitted with the chief complaint of swallowing difficulty for a month prior to admission. While we studied the esophagogram and chest CT, we found that the mass was protruded to the lumen of esophagus at the level of the 7th-9th thoracic vertebral columns. We performed esophagectomy with lymph node dissection and esophagogastrostomy by thoracic and abdominal approaches. The pathologic result showed separation of another in situ carcinoma away from the invasive squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus at the level of esophagogastric junctions. Postoperative course was uneventful. Now he is taking the postoperative irradiation at out patient department.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2006

The ethanol extract of the Crotalaria juncea seeds, which showed promising antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities in albino mice, was taken up further for the isolation of the active fractions present in it. Two fractions that were obtained from thin layer chromatography were subjected for testing to know their antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities. After preliminary trials the fraction I showed maximum antifertility activity at the dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight when administered orally to the rats for 50 days. The fraction I was found to affect spermatogenesis as well as the endocrine functions of the testis as indicated by gravimetric, histopathological and biochemical changes. Further this fraction has caused degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells of the testis. The accessory reproductive organs like epididymis, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, prostrate, Cowper's gland and Levator Ani muscle showed significant malfunction. Cauda epididymal sperm count and sperm motility were reduced significantly. The treatment has also resulted in increase in the cholesterol level and alkaline phosphatase activity, and decrease in protein, glycogen, sialic acid contents and acid phosphatase activity in testis. It is noteworthy that RIA studies have shown significant reduction in serum FSH, LH and testosterone. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed abnormalities in sperm structure.